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Year ended December 31,

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Form 40-F

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM

40-F

☐	REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

Commission File

Number: 001-31349

THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English (if applicable))

Province of

Ontario

Canada

(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

2741

(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))

98-0176673

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))

19 Duncan Street

Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H1, Canada

Telephone: (647)

480-7000

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Thomson Reuters Holdings Inc.

Attn: Legal Department

3 Times Square

New York, New York 10036

Telephone:

(646) 540-3000

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)

of agent for service in the United States)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common shares	TRI	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

Debt Securities of Thomson Reuters Corporation and Guarantees of Debt Securities of TR Finance LLC

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:


☒ Annual information form		☒ Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

452,962,832 common shares, 6,000,000 Series II preference shares and 1 Thomson Reuters Founders

Share as at December 31, 2023

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation

S-T

(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule

12b-2

of the Exchange Act.

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

☒

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to

§240.10D-1(b).

☐


Auditor Name : PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP		Auditor Location : New York, NY, USA		Auditor Firm ID : 238

Table of Contents

UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

a. Undertaking.

The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to

Form 40-F;

the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on

Form 40-F

arises; or transactions in said securities.

b. Consent to Service of Process.

(1)

The Registrant has previously filed a Form

F-X

in connection with the class of securities in relation to which the obligation to file this report arises.

(2)

Any change to the name or address of the Registrant’s agent for service shall be communicated promptly to the Commission by amendment to Form

F-X

referencing the file number of the Registrant.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on

Form 40-F

and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.


THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

By:		/s/ Michael Eastwood
Name:		Michael Eastwood
Title:		Chief Financial Officer

Date: March 7, 2024

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number		Description

97.1		Compensation Recovery Policy

99.1		Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2023 (which constitutes an Annual Information Form and includes Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Audited Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023), and includes a Form 40-F Cross Reference Table on page 199

99.2		Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

99.3		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

99.4		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

99.5		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

99.6		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

99.7		Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

99.8		Audit Committee Charter

99.9		List of Subsidiary Issuers and Guarantors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 22.1 of the joint Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-265541) and Form F-10 (File No. 333-265525) filed on June 29, 2022 by Thomson Reuters Corporation and the subsidiary issuer and guarantors named therein)

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Table of Contents

EX-97.1 - COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY

Exhibit 97.1

LOGO

Incentive-Based Compensation Clawback Policy

(Financial Restatement)

1.	Introduction

This incentive-based compensation clawback policy (the “Policy”) has been adopted by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company”) to create and maintain a culture that emphasizes integrity and accountability and that reinforces the Company’s pay-for-performance compensation philosophy. The Board has therefore adopted this Policy which provides for the recoupment of certain executive compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under Canadian and U.S. securities laws. This Policy is designed to comply with Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), Rule 10D-1 issued thereunder, and the listing standards of the national securities exchange on which the Company’s securities are listed to implement Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act (collectively, the “U.S. Clawback Rules”).

2.	Definitions

For purposes of this Policy, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

“Covered Executive Officers” means the Company’s current and former executive officers, as determined by the Board in accordance with the U.S. Clawback Rules, and such other officers or employees who may from time to time be deemed subject to the Policy by the Board.

“Effective Date” means October 2, 2023.

“Excess Incentive-Based Compensation” means the amount by which any Incentive-Based Compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based on erroneous or inaccurate data contained in Materially Non-Compliant Financial Statements as originally publicly filed exceeds the amount of any Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been granted, earned, or vested based on the data contained in any subsequent restatement of such Materially Non-Compliant Financial Statements, as computed without regard to any taxes paid thereon and otherwise as determined by the Board in accordance with the U.S. Clawback Rules. If the Board cannot determine the amount of excess Incentive-Based Compensation received by the Covered Executive Officer directly from the information in the accounting restatement, then it will make its determination based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement.

“Financial Reporting Measure” means any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing financial statements, or any measure derived wholly or in part from the financial information, and includes, for example, stock price, total shareholder return, revenues, net income, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), funds from operations, liquidity measures such as working capital or operating cash flow, return measures such as return on invested capital or return on assets, and earnings measures such as earnings per share.

“Human Resources Committee” means the Human Resources Committee of the Board or such other committee as the Board may, from time to time, appoint to oversee the application of this Policy.

“Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part on the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure, which may include: annual bonuses and other short- and long-term cash incentives, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, or performance units. For the avoidance of doubt, Incentive-Based Compensation does not include awards that vest exclusively upon completion of a specified employment period, without any performance condition, and bonus awards that are discretionary or based on subjective goals or goals unrelated to Financial Reporting Measures.

“Lookback Period” means the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement (as determined in accordance with the U.S. Clawback Rules) or any applicable transition period as specified under the Exchange Act.

“Materially Non-Compliant Financial Statements” means any financial statements of the Company where there has been any restatement of the financial statements due to material non-compliance with any financial reporting requirement under applicable securities laws, including any required accounting restatement correcting an error that either (1) is material to the previously-issued financial statements (i.e. a “big R” restatement); or (2) would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (i.e. a “little r” restatement).

“Performance Period” means the current period or the Lookback Period, as applicable.

3.	Recoupment of Incentive-Based Compensation

In the event of Materially Non-Compliant Financial Statements, the Board will require reimbursement or forfeiture of any Excess Incentive-Based Compensation granted, earned, or vested in favour of, any current or former Covered Executive Officer during the relevant Performance Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such reimbursement or forfeiture of Excess Incentive-Based Compensation shall not be required from a Covered Executive Officer if that individual was not a Covered Executive Officer at any time during the relevant Performance Period.

4.	Method of Recoupment

The Board shall have the sole discretion and authority to determine the method for recouping any Incentive-Based Compensation under Section 3 of this Policy which may include, without limitation, (i) requiring the Covered Executive Officer to repay all or a portion of any cash bonus (including any performance bonus) or other equity-based compensation granted, awarded or paid to the Covered Executive Officer; (ii) canceling all or a portion of any unvested or vested equity-based compensation deferred by or granted, awarded or paid to the Covered Executive Officer; (iii) requiring the Covered Executive Officer to repay all or a portion of any gains realized by the Covered Executive Officer on the exercise of stock options or other equity-based compensation; (iv) offsetting the recoupment amount against any current or future equity-based compensation or any other amounts owed by the Company to the Covered Executive Officer; (v) combining any of items (i) to (iv) above; and/or (vi) taking any other remedial and recovery action permitted by law, as determined by the Board. Any recoupment under this Policy shall be reasonably prompt.

5.	No Indemnification

The Company shall not indemnify a Covered Executive Officer for any losses suffered as a result of recoupment under this Policy, including without limitation, the loss of any Incentive-Based Compensation.

6.	Effective Date

This Policy shall be effective as of the Effective Date and shall apply to Incentive-Based Compensation that is approved, awarded or granted to, or earned by, the Covered Executive Officers on or after that date.

7.	Board Authority

All determinations, decisions and interpretations to be made under this Policy shall be made by the Board, on the recommendation of the Human Resources Committee. Any determination, decision or interpretation made by the Board under this Policy shall be final, binding and conclusive on all Covered Executive Officers and all other parties. This Policy may be amended or terminated at any time by the Board. The Board will amend this Policy as it deems necessary to comply with applicable laws and any rules, regulations, guidance or standards adopted by a securities regulatory authority or a stock exchange on which the Company’s securities are listed. It is intended that this Policy be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the requirements of the U.S. Clawback Rules.

8.	Administration of the Policy

Any applicable award agreement, form or other document setting forth the terms and conditions of any Incentive-Based Compensation covered by the Policy which is approved, granted, awarded, earned or paid on or after the Effective Date shall be deemed to include the restrictions imposed herein and incorporate this Policy by reference and, in the event of any inconsistency, the terms of the Policy will govern. The Board may require that any employment agreement, equity award agreement, or similar agreement entered into on or after the Effective Date shall, as a condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, require a Covered Executive Officer to agree to abide by the terms of this Policy.

To the extent necessary and where permitted by law, this Policy shall constitute an agreement to extend and to exclude the applicability of any statute of limitations (including, without limitation, the Limitations Act, 2002 (Ontario)) for recoupment by the Company of any Excess Incentive-Based Compensation or Incentive-Based Compensation.

This Policy shall be qualified by reference to the U.S. Clawback Rules. To the extent there is a conflict between this Policy and the U.S. Clawback Rules, or any interpretive question arises hereunder, the U.S. Clawback Rules shall control.

9.	No Impairment of Other Remedies

Any recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company under applicable law, including, without limitation, (i) dismissing the Covered Executive Officer, (ii) adjusting the future compensation of the Covered Executive Officer, or (iii) authorizing legal action or taking such other action to enforce the Covered Executive Officer’s obligations to the Company as it may deem appropriate in view of all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular case; provided, however, that any amounts recouped under any law or other policy (including the Wrongful Acts Clawback Policy) that would be recoverable under this Policy shall count toward any required recoupment under this Policy and vice versa, in each case without duplication.

10.

Impracticability

The Board shall recover any Excess Incentive-Based Compensation in accordance with this Policy unless such recovery would be impracticable, as determined by the majority of the independent directors serving on the Compensation Committee of the Board (or in its absence, the majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) in accordance with the U.S. Clawback Rules.

11.

Successors

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Executive Officers and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives.

EX-99.1 - ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

Exhibit 99.1

Annual Report 2023

March 7, 2024

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Information in this annual report is provided as of March 6, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.

Certain statements in this annual report are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and reflect our current expectations. As a result, forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations are discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this annual report as well as in materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. There is no assurance that any forward-looking statements will materialize. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect expectations only as of the date of this annual report. Except as may be required by applicable law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

The following terms in this annual report have the following meanings, unless otherwise indicated:



Term		Definition

AI		Artificial intelligence

“Big 3” segments		Our combined Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments

Blackstone’s consortium		The Blackstone Group and its subsidiaries, and private equity funds affiliated with Blackstone

bp		Basis points – one basis point is equal to 1/100th of 1%,“100bp” is equivalent to 1%

Change Program		A two-year initiative, completed in December 2022, that focused on transforming our company from a holding company to an operating company and from a content provider into a content-driven technology company

constant currency		A non-IFRS measure derived by applying the same foreign currency exchange rates to the financial results of the current and equivalent prior-year period

COVID-19		A novel strain of coronavirus that was characterized a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020

EPS		Earnings per share

IFRS		International Financial Reporting Standards

LSEG		London Stock Exchange Group plc

ML		Machine learning

n/a		Not applicable

n/m		Not meaningful

organic or organically		A non-IFRS measure that represents changes in revenues of our existing businesses at constant currency. The metric excludes the distortive impacts of acquisitions and dispositions from not owning the business in both comparable periods

Refinitiv		Our former Financial & Risk business, which is now the Data & Analytics business of LSEG. We owned 45% of Refinitiv from October 1, 2018 through January 29, 2021.

Woodbridge		The Woodbridge Company Limited, our principal and controlling shareholder

YPL		York Parent Limited, the entity that owns LSEG shares, which is jointly owned by our company and the Blackstone consortium. References to YPL also include its subsidiaries. YPL was previously known as Refinitiv Holdings Limited prior to the sale of Refinitiv to LSEG on January 29, 2021.

$ and US$		U.S. dollars

Non-IFRS

financial measures are defined and reconciled to the most directly comparable measure in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section of this annual report. See Appendix A of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis for a description of our

non-IFRS

financial measures, including an explanation of why we believe they are useful measures of our performance. See Appendices B and C of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis for reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures.

Non-IFRS

measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial performance calculated in accordance with IFRS.

For information regarding our disclosure requirements under applicable Canadian and U.S. laws and regulations, please see the “Cross Reference Tables” section of this annual report.

Information contained on our website or any other websites identified in this annual report is not part of this annual report. All website addresses listed in this annual report are intended to be inactive, textual references only. The Thomson Reuters logo and our other trademarks, trade names and service names mentioned in this annual report are the property of Thomson Reuters.

Front cover photo credit: REUTERS/Issam Abdallah.

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Table of Contents


Business			2
Overview			2
Customer Segments			5
Legal Professionals			5
Corporates			6
Tax & Accounting Professionals			6
Reuters News			6
Global Print			7
Key Brands			7
Additional Business Information			9
Corporate			9
Operations & Technology			9
Research and Development			10
Digital Transformation			10
Sales and Marketing, Partnerships and APIs			10
Intellectual Property			11
Acquisitions and Dispositions			11
Human Capital Management			12
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)			13
Properties and Facilities			18
Risk Factors			19
Management’s Discussion and Analysis			36
Consolidated Financial Statements			100
Executive Officers and Directors			173
Executive Officers			173
Directors			176
Audit Committee			180
Principal Accountant Fees and Services			181
Woodbridge			182
Controlled Company			182
Independent Directors			183
Presiding Directors at Meetings of Non-Management and Independent Directors			184
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics			185
Additional Disclosures			185
Additional Information			186
Description of Capital Structure			186
Market for Securities			187
Dividends			188
Transfer Agents and Registrars			189
Ratings of Debt Securities			190
LSEG Transaction			191
Material Contracts			191
Principal Subsidiaries			195
Interests of Experts			196
Further Information and Disclosures			196
Cross Reference Tables			198
Annual Information Form (Form 51-102F2) Cross Reference Table			198
Form 40-F Cross Reference Table			199

Page 1

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Business

Overview

Thomson Reuters informs the way forward by bringing together the trusted content and technology that people and organizations need to make the right decisions. The company serves professionals across legal, tax, accounting, compliance, government, and media. Its products combine highly specialized software and insights to empower professionals with the data, intelligence, and solutions needed to make informed decisions, and to help institutions in their pursuit of justice, truth and transparency. Reuters, part of Thomson Reuters, is a world leading provider of trusted journalism and news. Thomson Reuters shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (symbol: TRI). Our website is

tr.com

We are organized in five reportable segments reflecting how we manage our businesses:


		Legal Professionals Serves law firms and governments with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive legal research powered by emerging technologies, including generative AI, and integrated legal workflow solutions that combine content, tools and analytics.
		Corporates Serves corporate customers from small businesses to multinational organizations, including the seven largest global accounting firms, with our full suite of content-driven technologies, including generative AI, providing integrated workflow solutions designed to help our customers digitally transform and achieve their business outcomes.
		Tax & Accounting Professionals Serves tax, accounting and audit professionals in accounting firms (other than the seven largest, which are served by our Corporates segment) with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive tax offerings and automating tax workflows.
		Reuters News Supplies business, financial and global news to the world’s media organizations, professionals and news consumers through Reuters News Agency, Reuters.com, Reuters Events, Thomson Reuters products and to financial market professionals exclusively via LSEG products.
		Global Print Provides legal and tax information primarily in print format to customers around the world.

Our Business Model and Key Operating Characteristics

We derive most of our revenues from selling information and software solutions, primarily on a recurring subscription basis. Our solutions blend deep domain knowledge with software and automation tools. We believe our workflow solutions make our customers more productive by streamlining how they operate, enabling them to focus on higher value activities. Many of our customers use our solutions as part of their workflows, which has led to strong customer retention. We believe that our customers trust us because of our history and dependability and our deep understanding of their businesses and industries, and they rely on our services for navigating a rapidly changing and increasingly complex digital world. Over the years, our business model has proven to be capital efficient and cash flow generative, and it has enabled us to maintain leading and scalable positions in our chosen market segments.

Page 2

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Some of our key business and operating characteristics are:


Attractive Industry · Currently our “Big 3” segments operate in an estimated $26 billion market expected to grow between 7% and 10% over the next 5 years · Legal, Tax & Risk markets are prime for content-driven innovation		Balanced and Diversified Leadership · A leader in key Legal Professionals, Corporates, Tax & Accounting Professionals and News segments · Resilient businesses, historically stable, through periods of macroeconomic uncertainty · Approximately 500,000 customers; largest customer is approximately 5% of revenues*		Attractive Business Model · 80% of revenues are recurring · Fixed cost model supports long-term operating leverage · Strong and consistent cash generation capabilities		Strong Competitive Positioning · Proprietary content plus data and human expertise combined with AI and ML are key differentiators · Products deeply embedded in customers’ daily workflows · 91% retention rate		Disciplined Financial Policies · Focused and incentivized on organic revenue growth and free cash flow growth · Balance investing in business and returning capital to shareholders · Committed to maintaining investment grade rating with stable capital structure · Significant potential capital capacity affords optionality

*	The news agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG.

Three-Year History

2021

– We initiated a

two-year

Change Program with a goal to drive growth and efficiency by transitioning our company from a holding company into an operating company, and from a content provider into a content-driven technology company. In 2021, we and private equity funds affiliated with Blackstone closed the sale of Refinitiv to LSEG. For additional information about the transaction, please see the “Additional Information – Investment in LSEG” section of this annual report.

2022

– Our

two-year

Change Program was completed by the end of 2022. We achieved $540 million of annualized

run-rate

operating expense savings and made significant progress transforming Thomson Reuters into a more streamlined and scalable business that we believe has a strong foundation for sustainable future growth. In 2022, LSEG repurchased approximately 1.2 million ordinary shares from YPL under a buyback program announced by LSEG in August 2022. We received proceeds of $43 million, for approximately 0.5 million shares, related to our portion of the buyback. For additional information about the transaction, please see the “Additional Information – Investment in LSEG” section of this annual report. In 2022, we also launched Westlaw Precision, a new version of Westlaw designed to dramatically improve research speed and quality by enabling lawyers to target precisely what they are looking for.

2023

– In 2023, we made significant investments in

AI-based

initiatives, including generative AI. In November 2023, we announced a series of generative AI initiatives designed to assist in the transformation of the legal profession. Most notably, the commercial releases of

AI-Assisted

Research on Westlaw Precision and CoCounsel Core AI Assistant for lawyers. In 2023, we further deepened our focus on content-enabled technology with the acquisitions of SurePrep, LLC, Imagen Ltd., Casetext, Inc., and the remaining interest in Westlaw Japan.

For additional information about our 2023 acquisitions, please see “Additional Business Information – Acquisitions and Dispositions” section of this annual report. Additionally, in 2023, we received gross proceeds of $5.4 billion, which included the settlement of foreign exchange contracts, from the sale of approximately 56 million LSEG shares. For additional information about the transaction, please see “Additional Information – Investment in LSEG” section of this annual report.

During 2023, we returned $2.0 billion from the gross proceeds of our disposition of LSEG shares to shareholders through a return of capital transaction. We also repurchased approximately $1.1 billion of our common shares through our various normal course issuer bid buyback programs.

Page 3

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

2023 Financial Highlights and Accomplishments

In 2023, we made significant progress delivering generative

AI-powered

solutions, including the launch of

AI-Assisted

Research on Westlaw Precision, as well as expanded features and design enhancements across our product portfolio. We invested $1.2 billion in four acquisitions, and in January 2024, we acquired a majority interest in Pagero Group AB (publ), an

e-invoicing

leader. These content-enabled technology acquisitions use automation, AI and ML with an aim to improve the workflows of our customers, and they improve the quality and growth prospects of our portfolio.

Relative to our financial results, we met or exceeded the targets for all our financial metrics, including organic revenue growth, adjusted EBITDA margin and free cash flow, as set out in our 2023 outlook, which was last updated in November 2023. Total company revenues increased 3% despite the loss of revenues from divested businesses. Organic revenues increased 6% driven by 6% growth in recurring revenues. Organic revenues for our “Big 3” segments increased 7%. Our adjusted EBITDA margin rose 420bp to 39.3% driven by higher revenues and lower costs, the latter of which reflected Change Program investments made in the prior years. We generated net cash from our operating activities and free cash flow of $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.

Our capital capacity and liquidity remain a key asset. In 2023, we received gross proceeds of $5.4 billion from the sale of approximately 56 million LSEG shares and returned $3.1 billion to shareholders through our return of capital transaction and share repurchases. On February 8, 2024, we announced a 10% or $0.20 per share annualized increase in our dividend to $2.16 per common share. This represents our 31

consecutive annual dividend increase, and the third consecutive year we increased our annual dividend by 10%.

Below are revenue highlights for our company and our business segments for the year ended December 31, 2023. For additional information about the results of operations for the company and its business segments, please see the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section of this annual report.

Organic revenue growth, adjusted EBITDA margin, free cash flow as well as all financial measures for our “Big 3” segments are

non-IFRS

measures. Please see the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section of this annual report for additional information about our

non-IFRS

measures, including how they are defined and reconciled to the most directly comparable IFRS measure.

Page 4

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

2024 Key Priorities

We strive to be a world leading content-driven technology company that empowers professionals to navigate legal, tax, accounting, compliance, government, and media environments. In 2023, we made significant progress delivering generative

AI-powered

solutions, including the launch of

AI-Assisted

Research on Westlaw Precision and CoCounsel Core

AI Assistant

, as well as expanded features and design enhancements across our product portfolio.

In 2024, we will remain focused on allocating capital to drive long-term shareholder value creation. We plan to continue employing a “build, partner and buy” approach to grow our business. Specifically, we plan to accelerate our investment in generative AI through a robust product roadmap for both our tax and legal products that positions us to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We expect to leverage our recent acquisitions to build our product portfolio and capabilities. We also plan to expand our generative AI capabilities to international markets. As we modernize our products, we will maintain our focus on the stability and security of our offerings. We also plan to continue our work to improve our customer experience.

Customer Segments

Our business is a customer-focused structure organized in five reportable customer segments: Legal Professionals, Corporates, Tax & Accounting Professionals, Reuters News and Global Print. This structure allows us to focus on the customer and partner with them to solve challenges that they face in their businesses. For additional information about the results of operations of our customer segments, please see the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section of this annual report.

Legal Professionals

Our Legal Professionals segment serves law firms and governments with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive legal research powered by emerging technologies, including generative AI, and integrated legal workflow solutions that combine content, tools and analytics. The following provides a summary of Legal Professionals’ 2023 revenues by type of customer.

Legal Professionals’ primary global competitors are LexisNexis (which is owned by RELX Group) and Wolters Kluwer. Legal Professionals also competes with Bloomberg Industry Group and other companies that provide legal and regulatory information, legal workflow and drafting software providers, and client development providers and other service providers and

start-ups

that support legal professionals.

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Corporates

Our Corporates segment serves corporate customers from small businesses to multinational organizations, including the seven largest global accounting firms, with our full suite of content-driven technologies, including generative AI, providing integrated workflow solutions designed to help our customers digitally transform and achieve their business outcomes. The following provides a summary of Corporates’ 2023 revenue by type of customer.

Corporates’ primary global competitors are Wolters Kluwer, Bloomberg and LexisNexis. Corporates also competes with focused software providers such as Avalara, Mitratech, Vertex and Sovos and at times with large technology companies as well as the largest global accounting firms.

Tax & Accounting Professionals

Our Tax & Accounting Professionals segment serves tax, accounting and audit professionals (other than professionals in the largest seven accounting firms, which are served by our Corporates segment) with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive tax offerings and automating tax workflows. The following provides a summary of Tax & Accounting Professionals’ 2023 revenues by type of customer.

Tax & Accounting Professionals’ competitors include the CCH business of Wolters Kluwer, Bloomberg Industry Group, Intuit, Drake Software, CaseWare and Sage. Tax & Accounting Professionals also competes with software

start-ups

that serve tax, accounting and audit professionals. Tax & Accounting Professionals also competes with software

start-ups

that serve tax, accounting and audit professionals.

Reuters News

Reuters is the world’s leading provider of trusted news, insight and analysis, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Founded in 1851, it brings together world-class journalism, industry expertise and cutting-edge technology with unparalleled speed, reliability and accuracy to enable people to make better decisions. Reuters is committed to the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles, including that of independence, integrity and freedom from bias, and is an essential source of business, financial and world news delivered to financial market professionals exclusively via LSEG products, to the world’s media organizations, and to professionals via industry events and Reuters.com.

In 2023, Reuters delivered approximately 3.9 million unique news stories, 800,000 pictures and images and 134,000 video stories, and numerous industry events.

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For more information on the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles, please see the “Additional Information – Material Contracts – Thomson Reuters Trust Principles and Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company” section of this annual report.

Reuters primary competitors include Bloomberg, the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse and Getty.

Global Print

Global Print is a leading provider of information, primarily in print format, to legal and tax professionals, government (including federal, state, and local government lawyers and judges), law schools and corporations. The business serves customers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Asia and Latin America. Global Print’s primary global competitors are LexisNexis and Wolters Kluwer.

Key Brands

Our customer-focused structure enables us to have broader conversations with our customers, with a more cohesive

go-to-market

approach. We believe that this focus will create opportunities to cross sell more of our products and services across their organizations, increase sales to existing customers, improve retention, and attract new customers. The following table provides information about our key brands and the target customer for each brand.



Brand	Type of Product/Service	Legal Professionals	Corporates	Tax & Accounting Professionals

Westlaw Westlaw Edge (U.S., U.K. & Canada) Westlaw Precision (U.S) Sweet & Maxwell (U.K.) La Ley (Argentina)	Legal, regulatory and compliance information-based products and services. Westlaw is our primary online legal research delivery platform. Westlaw offers authoritative content, powerful search functionality and research organization, team collaboration features and navigation tools to find and share specific points of law and search for analytical commentary. Westlaw employs proprietary, innovative technology including generative AI. Localized versions of online legal research services are provided in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and other countries. Through Westlaw International, Westlaw Asia and Westlaw Middle East, we offer our online products and services to customers in markets where we do not offer a fully localized Westlaw service.

Practical Law Practical Law Connect Practical Law Dynamic Tool Set	Legal know-how, current awareness and workflow tools with embedded guidance from expert practitioners. Practice notes, standard documents, checklists and What’s Market tools cover a wide variety of practice areas such as commercial, corporate, labor and employment, intellectual property, finance and litigation. Practical Law currently has localized product offerings in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia. Through Practical Law Global and our local Practical Law offerings, we offer our online products and services to customers in markets where we do not have a fully localized service.

CoCounsel CoCounsel Core	Solutions delivering integrated content and generative AI into workflows for legal professionals.

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Brand	Type of Product/Service	Legal Professionals	Corporates	Tax & Accounting Professionals

CLEAR CLEAR Risk Inform CLEAR ID Confirm CLEAR Adverse Media Sanctions PeopleMap	Public and proprietary records about individuals and companies with tools for immediately usable results.

HighQ	Cloud-based collaboration and workflow platform for the legal and regulatory market segment.

Document Intelligence	Contract and document analysis tool powered by artificial intelligence.

Drafting Assistant	Integrated solution to streamline the drafting process for legal documents.

Case Center	Cloud-based evidence-sharing platform for sharing documents and multimedia between justice agencies for trial preparation and courtroom presentation.

Fraud Analytics Fraud Detect ID Risk Analytics Case Tracking	A suite of data and analytics solutions to help auditors, investigators and managers detect fraud, waste and abuse in healthcare and large government subsidy programs.

Checkpoint Checkpoint Edge (U.S. & Canada)	Integrated tax, audit and accounting research solution that delivers news, editorial insights, authoritative content and linked primary sources integrated throughout Thomson Reuters workflow productivity tools, applications and software.

FindLaw	Online legal directory, website creation and hosting services, law firm marketing solutions and peer rating services.

Legal Tracker	Online spend and matter management, e-billing, legal analytics services, and document storage, search and retrieval.

Regulatory Intelligence	Information and software products that provide a single source for regulatory news, analysis, rules and developments, with global coverage of more than 400 regulators and exchanges.

ONESOURCE ONESOURCE Global Trade	Global cloud-based tax and trade solutions that reduce risk and regulatory complexity, improving the accuracy of a company’s entire tax or trade lifecycle. Integrating openly with existing technology and ecosystem solutions to manage direct and indirect tax compliance, indirect tax determination, statutory reporting, trust taxation, tax information reporting, tax planning, trade compliance, trade operations, trade special programs, trade regulatory content and overall data and process management.

Confirmation	Cloud-based platform to automate the workflow of the confirmations process of an audit. Used by a global network of audit firms, banks and law firms to increase efficiency and reduce risk.

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Brand	Type of Product/Service	Legal Professionals	Corporates	Tax & Accounting Professionals

Dominio	Accounting management and tax management software solutions for accounting firms, and micro and small companies in Brazil.

Cloud Audit Suite	End-to-end solution providing accuracy and efficiency throughout the audit process through a suite of tools including; engagement management and trial balance capabilities, guided assurance with assisted decision making, online confirmations and embedded disclosure examples. Its cloud-based technology offers the ability to work from anywhere, collaborate with colleagues in real time, and securely access audit data.

UltraTax & CS Professional Suite	Scalable, integrated suite of desktop and online software applications that encompass key aspects of a professional accounting firm’s operations, from collecting customer data and posting finished tax returns to the overall management of the accounting practice.

SurePrep	Software and services that automate tax preparation supporting a digital tax workflow for accounting firms and their clients. Solutions TaxCaddy, 1040SCAN and SPbinder streamline the entire 1040 tax process for tax professionals and taxpayers.

Additional Business Information

Corporate

Our corporate center seeks to foster a group-wide approach to management while allowing our business segments sufficient operational flexibility to serve their customers effectively. Our corporate center centrally manages our Operations & Technology group, as described below, our commercial operations, and certain functions such as finance, legal and human resources.

Operations & Technology

Our Operations & Technology group includes

product engineering

, our Chief Information Officer organization, data & analytics, digital transformation, customer service & support, procurement, real estate management, risk & compliance, collections and content operations. We believe that Operations & Technology provides the foundation to enable and accelerate our progress towards our corporate strategy, allowing us to sharpen our focus on allocating the right resources to our growth priorities.

We believe we can make information more relevant, more targeted and deliver it faster to our customers through the smart use of technology. By using shared technology and working across our businesses, we are making our data more accessible and valuable for our customers, no matter how they access it. We are increasingly shifting more of our software from being

on-premise

installations to

software-as-a-service

(SaaS) or cloud-based offerings that provide customers with access via the internet.

We believe that we are continually transforming our content, products and services to better meet our customers’ needs, while focusing on securing our customer data and global systems as we implement and enhance our security programs.

We also continue to operate Thomson Reuters Labs, the dedicated applied research division of Thomson Reuters – an integral enabler of our AI strategy.

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Research and Development

Innovation is essential to our success and is one of our primary bases of competition. Our research and development focus is part of Thomson Reuters Labs, which has played a pivotal role in AI development and delivery for our products and customers for over 30 years. The team has a rich history in applied research activities focused on exploring cutting-edge technologies applied to concrete business problems. We ensure Thomson Reuters and our customers stay ahead in an ever-changing world with tools and human expertise enhanced by AI ingenuity.

We are driven by our customers’ need for trustworthy information. We innovate in the following primary focus areas: AI, generative AI, language models, natural language processing (NLP), AI ethics and bias mitigation, AI operations (ML Ops) and systematic evaluation and implementation of Human-Centered AI (HCAI) solutions.

Our research ethos keeps us at the driving edge of how emerging technologies like deep learning, generative AI and language models can be applied to the distinct challenges of the industries and customers that we serve. We believe that we are uniquely positioned to combine these technologies with the intelligence and human expertise that our customers need to find trusted answers. The work of Thomson Reuters Labs is at the heart of our ambition to become the world’s leading content-driven technology company.

Digital Transformation

We have been a pioneer of digital product development for decades. As part of our customer experience transformation, we are creating a more holistic online experience, making it easier for our customers to find, try, buy, renew and manage our products by interacting digitally with Thomson Reuters. In 2023, we leveraged AI to improve our digital customer journey, increased our share of small and

medium-sized

business digital sales and renewals, and continued to enhance our online support tools. We continue to invest in online self-serve capabilities that allow customers to manage their accounts and get quick access to support and service in their channel of choice.

Sales and Marketing, Partnerships and APIs

We primarily sell our products and services directly to our customers. In addition, we sell some of our products and services online directly to customers. Focusing more of our marketing and sales efforts on digital propositions has allowed us to broaden our range of customers and reduce sales and marketing costs.

Some of our products and services are also sold in partnership with third-parties and authorized resellers. Centralizing our team to manage partnerships has accelerated the growth of our partner ecosystem, which has provided expanded market opportunities and revenue streams. Our successful commercial partnership with SurePrep, LLC and Pagero Group AB (publ) provided us with confidence in the strategic and cultural fit of both businesses at Thomson Reuters and ultimately supported our acquisition thesis, as discussed in the “Acquisitions and Dispositions” section below. Continuing to develop our partner ecosystem is a key strategic lever for growth.

Application Program Interfaces (APIs) allow our software platforms to connect with those of other companies, providing customers with data and access to services of both companies. We believe this will open new channels, business models and product offerings and will help grow our partner ecosystem. In 2024, we plan to continue expanding our API ecosystem to improve the experience of existing and new customers. As our capabilities related to APIs continue to grow, we believe it will enable us to further integrate our content and technology into our partners’ solutions and customers’ workflows.

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Intellectual Property

Many of our products and services are comprised of information, including originally authored content, delivered through a variety of channels. Our principal intellectual property (IP) assets are intended to protect these products and services, as well as the underlying content. In particular, we rely on patents and trade secrets, which protect the innovative ways that help create and deliver our content, trademarks, which protect our valuable brands, and copyrights, which protect our proprietary content, databases and source code underpinning our software. We believe that our IP is sufficient to permit us to carry on our business as presently conducted. We continue to grow our patent portfolio by applying for and receiving patents for our innovative technologies globally, as well as continuing to acquire patents through the acquisition of companies. We have registered a number of website domain names in connection with our online operations and protect our global trademarks and copyrights through continued registrations, where appropriate, and enforcement against third-parties who threaten to infringe our trademarks and copyrights.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions -

Acquired businesses can strengthen our offerings and enable us to extend our platform with new capabilities that we believe will provide opportunities to expand our positions, better serve our customers and supplement our organic revenue growth. Generally, the businesses that we acquire initially have lower margins than our existing businesses, largely reflecting the costs of integration.

In January 2023, we acquired SurePrep, LLC, a

US-based

leader in 1040 tax automation software and services. In July 2023, we acquired Imagen Ltd., a cloud-native media asset management company. In August 2023, we acquired Casetext, Inc. a California-based provider of AI technology for legal professionals. In November 2023, we acquired full ownership of the Westlaw Japan business, a leading provider of legal information services in Japan and previously a Thomson Reuters’ joint venture initiative. In addition, during 2023, our Thomson Reuters Ventures Fund, which was launched in 2021 with the authority to invest up to $100 million, made several investments to support companies that are building innovations to allow professionals to operate more productively and with greater insights.

More recently, in January 2024, we announced a public tender offer to acquire 100% of the shares of Pagero Group AB (publ), a publicly traded Swedish company and a global leader in

e-invoicing

and indirect tax solutions. As of March 4, 2024, we have acquired a 99.46% interest in Pagero Group AB (publ). In addition, in January 2024, we acquired World Business Media Limited, a cross-platform and subscription-based provider of editorial coverage for the global P&C and specialty (re)insurance industry.

We expect that acquisitions will continue to play an important role in our strategy going forward and we expect to continue to make tactical acquisitions from time to time that we believe will strengthen our positions in key growth segments. We also expect proceeds from sales of our remaining LSEG shares after the expiration of the remaining

lock-up

provisions will provide us with future options for tactical acquisitions and shareholder returns. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the management’s discussion and analysis for additional information about our capital strategy.

Dispositions

–

As part of our continuing strategy to optimize our portfolio of businesses and ensure that we are investing in parts of our business that offer the greatest opportunities to achieve growth and returns, we have sold a number of

non-core

businesses and product lines during the last several years which are not compatible with our strategy. In June 2023, we sold a majority stake in our Elite business to private equity firm TPG Inc.

For more information on acquisitions and dispositions that we made in the last two years, please see the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section of this annual report.

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Human Capital Management

Employees

The following table sets forth information about our employees as of December 31, 2023.


By Region
Americas			14,500
Asia Pacific			7,800
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)			3,300
By Unit
Legal Professionals			1,000
Corporates			1,100
Tax & Accounting Professionals			1,400
Global Print			800
Reuters News			3,500
Product & Editorial			3,400
Operations & Technology			8,700
Corporate Center (Enabling Functions)			1,400
Commercial Functions (1)			1,200
Other (2)			3,100
Thomson Reuters			25,600

(1) Reflects employees in Marketing, Commercial Excellence and Strategy.

(2) Reflects employees in our Latin America, Asia and Emerging Markets and Government businesses.

We believe that we generally have good relations with our employees, unions and works councils, although we have had disputes from time to time with the various unions that represent some of our employees. Our senior management team is committed to maintaining good relations with our employees, unions and works councils.

Overview

Our human capital practices and initiatives are designed to attract, develop and retain talented employees across all of our businesses around the globe, and ensure they feel valued, are provided with opportunities to grow, and are driven to succeed. We focus on a variety of human capital topics, such as compensation and benefits, culture and employee engagement, talent acquisition/development, and diversity and inclusion. Over the last few years, oversight of human capital management has also been a key focus area for our Board of Directors.

Our talent priorities continue to focus on addressing shifting organizational needs and business realities. In an

AI-enabled

world, jobs are changing rapidly and continuously. Our talent strategy in turn must also be agile, flexible and proactive. Our focus is on helping employees build skills necessary for an

AI-enabled

future and supporting their career growth. We will be doing more to identify, articulate and build critical skills and make a “skills-first” approach the basis for our talent decisions, development, and internal mobility efforts.

This past year we launched a series of company-wide quarterly Learning Days, the first of which focused on AI awareness and experimentation and saw thousands of participants. This became the foundation of our AI learning, which was supplemented by curated learning courses, guidance on using AI tools, and opportunities for experimentation including global AI idea challenges and hackathons. We will continue the investments in AI upskilling and Learning Days in 2024.

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Another area of focus has been building cross-cultural understanding, driven by our organization’s global footprint and teams that span multiple locations and time zones, as well as increased diversity in general. This includes courses to educate colleagues about specific cultures, including workplace norms and practices, as well as opportunities to build language skills. Manager training is also crucial for promoting healthy and respectful work environments. We also continued to educate managers and teams on hybrid and remote work best practices, with our Remote at TR employee group gaining over 1,000 members.

While we voluntarily publish numerous human capital-related metrics and data in our securities filings and on our website (notably in our Social Impact & ESG Report), some metrics and data are not publicly disclosed due to competitive considerations.

We expect that human capital management will continue to be an important focus area in the future for management and the Board because it ensures solid stewardship of our organization, supports important societal objectives, and is key to ensuring strategic advantage in the marketplace.

For additional information regarding some of our human capital management practices, please see the “Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)” section below.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)

Our company is dedicated to serving institutions and businesses that keep the wheels of commerce turning, uphold justice and taxation systems, fight fraud, support law enforcement and report on world events with impartiality, as an important source of unbiased news globally. In these and many other ways, we aspire to strengthen the foundations of society in partnership with our customers.

We pursue ESG initiatives because they contribute to value creation for our customers, employees, shareholders and other stakeholders. The Board and its committees oversee different

ESG-related

areas that are of the greatest importance to the organization and our stakeholders to achieve our long-term strategic objectives. Ultimately, though, our

ESG-related

initiatives require employees who take on responsibility for them and are empowered to achieve them. Subject matter experts lead the work, and senior executives are accountable for embedding programs in the business, for maximum impact and duration.

Our

ESG-related

workstreams include sustainability, diversity and inclusion, community relations and volunteerism. ESG factors are considered in our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) processes. The work of the Thomson Reuters Foundation also contributes to our ongoing ESG efforts.

Thomson Reuters understands that ESG measures are important to our stakeholders and drive positive impact on global issues. Conducting business in a principled manner – and transparently disclosing relevant targets and metrics related to our ESG programs – will not only allow our stakeholders to be informed on our progress, but also encourage others to lead.

We post a Social Impact & ESG Report annually on our website, www.tr.com/social-impact-report, which summarizes our strategy, includes stories of progress and tracks performance, tying our efforts to our business strategy and commercial expertise. The report highlights how we run our business with purpose, manage our sustainability goals, foster an inclusive workplace, and make a difference in communities through wider-ranging social impact programs pursuing access to justice, truth and transparency. We encourage you to review the Social Impact & ESG Report to gain a better understanding of our accomplishments and practices in these areas.

We believe that by uniting our technical capabilities with those of our customers in these areas, we will drive the greatest change. We also believe in the power of collaboration with the international business community, so we are signatories of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a

non-binding

United Nations (U.N.) pact to encourage businesses and firms worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies. We are actively partnering to advance the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 16 –

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

We are also aligned with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), which augment our longstanding commitment to the UNGC, the U.N. Declaration on Human Rights, and other international standards. The UNGPs are the global standard for preventing and addressing the risk of adverse impacts on human rights linked to business activity, and they provide the internationally accepted framework for enhancing standards and practices regarding business and human rights.

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In 2023, we commenced a process to update our ESG materiality assessment to comply with new global regulations. This is an assessment that allows companies to identify and prioritize the ESG issues that are most likely to impact their business and stakeholders in the short and long-term. We used “double materiality” as our lens – which means we examined how material ESG topics affect our business and create or erode enterprise value as well as how material ESG risks and opportunities in our business could positively or negatively impact people, economies and the environment. Our initial assessment was completed in 2021. As part of this assessment, we conducted a company-wide human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of our global operations, products, and services. In doing so, we sought to proactively manage actual and potential human rights impacts in order to mitigate risks to both Thomson Reuters and to stakeholder groups. The methodology for this assessment included desk-based research, internal and external stakeholder interviews, and detailed analysis and discussions of the findings. This process also included benchmarking ourselves against our peers and leading companies. This assessment examined potential impacts across stakeholder groups and helped us identify salient human rights risks which were then mapped against the expectations of the UNGPs, which now inform our human rights strategy and roadmap. Our commitment to respecting human rights throughout our operations will continue to guide our work and the recommendations from this comprehensive ESG assessment will continue to help us identify, assess, and proactively respond to salient and material risks across our enterprise.

In March 2023, we released our first human rights policy which informs our colleagues, customers, shareholders and those in the communities where we operate and do business, of our commitment and approach to human rights. Our ongoing commitment to respecting human rights throughout our operations guide our work and the recommendations from our comprehensive ESG materiality assessment which help us identify, assess, and proactively respond to salient and material risks across our enterprise. Our 2023 Social Impact & ESG Report, which we anticipate publishing in April 2024 and will be available on our website at www.thomsonreuters.com, will contain additional information on key findings from our updated ESG materiality assessment.

Environmental Practices

Some of our environmental initiatives and accomplishments include the following:

We continue to source renewable energy for 100% of our operations. We have achieved this largely through the purchase of renewable power by matching our electricity usage with renewable energy credits acquired around the world. We are also working closely with our suppliers to drive lower emissions within our supply chain.

We joined the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) in 2020, aligning to the most ambitious

1.5-degree

Celsius pathway. Thomson Reuters is among a leading group of approximately 2,700+ companies globally to have done so.

In 2020, we announced our commitment to targeting

net-zero

emissions by 2050. As of the end of 2022, we had reduced our Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions by 93% from our 2018 baseline and we are significantly ahead of our SBTI commitment. We will continue to measure and manage our own emissions and environmental impacts and continue to identify ways to further assess, monitor and improve our carbon footprint.

We continue to optimize our real estate portfolio utilization to adjust to market trends, business needs, and evolving ways of working. This is contributing to a decreased carbon footprint by reducing the number of office locations.

Our strategy is to migrate more of our revenue to the cloud with the aim of reducing our environmental footprint as we rely less on energy consumption associated with company-managed data centers. We continue to take advantage of cloud hosting environments that are transparent with their operations, resources and utilization with a focus on optimized waste reduction.

Some of our content and other information products help our customers address climate change matters. For example, Practical Law includes a tracker covering key Biden Administration actions and initiatives on climate, energy and environmental issues and other resources related to climate change disclosures for U.S. public companies. The Thomson Reuters Institute also launched an ESG Resource Center which offers insights for corporations and governments around the world on the most pressing current and future issues concerning ESG topics.

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Social Practices

Our culture

At Thomson Reuters, we prioritize our people, cultivating a supportive environment where we focus on our employees feeling valued, supported, and able to thrive in their professional life. We want every employee to have the opportunity to reach their full potential for an

AI-enabled

future and feel proud to recommend working here. Our team is committed to solving big challenges for our customers, fostering an inclusive culture, and bringing their best selves to work each day. Our culture celebrates diverse perspectives, embracing all aspects of identity to foster innovation and competitive advantage. We know that having a diverse workforce is not enough, we need to continue to cultivate an inclusive culture that harnesses our employees’ unique strengths.

Every day, we strive to uphold the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles, ensuring integrity, independence and freedom from bias. Our focus on providing an exceptional employee experience is reflected in our history of being recognized as a leading employer. While we take pride in our 26 awards and recognitions for 2023, we are aware of the need to continue to increase momentum and evolve which is a priority for 2024. A few of our awards for 2023 included:

Equality 100 and 100% score on Corporate Equality Index, Human Rights Campaign

Best Places to Work for LGBTQIAP Mexico, Best Place to Work for LGBTQIAP+ Brazil, Best Place to Work for LGBTQIAP+ Argentina, Human Rights Campaign

Best Places to Work for Disability Inclusion and 100% score on Disability Inclusion Index, Disability:IN

Great Place to Work Certified in six countries: Philippines, Canada, Brazil, India, Costa Rica and Japan

Best Workplace for Technology, Large Companies in Canada and Brazil, Great Place to Work

Best Workplace for Women in India, Great Place to Work

Greater Toronto’s Top Employers, Canada’s Top 100

Best Places to Work in Canada, Glassdoor Canada

Top Company Leader for Women Technologists, AnitaB.org

Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) are core to our purpose and values at Thomson Reuters, and we remain committed to making our company a more diverse and inclusive place to work. This includes prioritizing D&I as a business imperative, continually improving the inclusiveness and equity of our employee experience for all employees and achieving our D&I goals.

In 2020, Thomson Reuters established aspirational goals for diversifying our senior leadership (director and above). In 2023, we saw positive progress in hiring and promoting diverse talent in senior leadership while also experiencing attrition of diverse talent at near similar rates. Thus, our overall progress is a small net improvement in the representation of women and Black employees in senior leadership while the representation of racial and ethnically diverse employees in senior leadership remained flat year-over-year. In addition, we have made meaningful progress in increasing the diversity of our executive team. As of February 1, 2024, 50%, (5) of our current 10 executive officers are women and 30% (3) identify as racially/ethnically diverse. We recognize that there is still work to do, and we are steadfast in our commitment to increasing diverse representation. As such, we are recommitting to our representation goals in 2024.

The following table sets forth our diverse talent representation in 2021, 2022 and 2023, as well as our 2024 goals:



Goal	2021	2022	2023	2024 Goal
Women in senior leadership	41%	41%	42%	45%
Racially/ethnically diverse talent in senior leadership	16%	18%	18%	20%
Number of Black employees in senior leadership	38	38	41	60

Note – our racial/ethnically diverse representation and Black talent representation goals are only measured for the U.S. (including Puerto Rico), U.K., Canada, Brazil and South Africa.

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Additional D&I initiatives we’d like to highlight from 2023 include:

Sponsorship of ten business resource groups (BRGs), which play a critical role in driving awareness and understanding of diverse backgrounds, cultivating a culture of belonging and execution against our D&I strategy. This includes the launch of our new Interfaith Employee Network – focused on fostering inclusion, belonging and allyship for the range of global faiths and spiritual diversity that exists in our workforce. Our other BRGs include the Asian Affinity Network, Black Employee Network, Disability Employee Network, Early Careers Network, Indigenous Peoples Network, Latino Employee Network, Pride at Work, Veterans Network and Women at Thomson Reuters. Collectively, our BRGs span more than 80 chapters across the world with the support over 140 volunteer

co-chairs.

Focused on accelerating the careers of talent through three

employee-led

leadership development conferences. Aspire to Lead, led by Women at Thomson Reuters, brings together powerful speakers, skill-building workshops and networking opportunities to inspire women and allies to lead with confidence in their professional and personal lives. Celebrating its 11

year, the virtual conference brought together over 2,300 employees to “Unleash your Superpower.” BENergy, hosted by our Black Employee Network, focused on career mobility, goal setting, personal branding and networking. Sessions focused on removing the ambiguity of what it takes to achieve career and development goals. And, ECN Worldwide, hosted by our Early Careers Network (ECN), helped attendees explore the range of career opportunities at Thomson Reuters and reframe career paths as a lattice with multiple options.

Expansion of our Connected Leaders Academy (in partnership with McKinsey) to include a new Leadership Essential Program to complement the existing Executive Leadership and Management Accelerator learning paths. Since the launch in 2021, the Connected Leaders Academy at Thomson Reuters has reached over 820 racial and ethnically diverse talent that self-identify as Black, Hispanic/Latino and Asian from 15 countries. The robust alumni network of talent from this program continues to come together for our newly launched Peer Learning sessions and bimonthly networking meetings.

Continued to invest in and make progress on our core D&I initiatives. We grew the completeness of our voluntary self-identification data by 7% through our Count Me In internal initiative, further deepening our talent insights. We continued to highlight our Breaking Bias program and enroll new and existing employees in this enterprise training, resulting in 67% global employee completion. Through Ten Thousand Coffees, our digital platform that democratizes access to social learning, networking and mentorship, over 15,000 employee connections were made by colleagues across the world and over 100 office hours were hosted by Thomson Reuters leaders.

Health and Wellbeing

We believe our people are our greatest asset, and we are committed to fostering a supportive environment where we focus on employees feeling valued, cared for, and empowered to thrive at work and in life. We continue to invest in and prioritize initiatives that embrace a healthy lifestyle, address personal challenges, and support the mental, physical, financial, and social well-being of our talent.

In 2023, we enhanced “Flex My Way”, which is a collection of supportive workplace policies that promote work-life balance and improved flexibility. Previously, we launched flexible and hybrid working, caregiver-paid time off, increased bereavement leave and work from anywhere for up to eight weeks per year (with up to four weeks in an authorized country and the remaining in your country of employment), sabbatical leave and flexible vacation in the US and Canada. In 2023, we proudly launched a global gender-neutral

16-week

minimum standard for parental leave. This ensures no matter where in the world our talent is, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, marital status, or family role, all parents can take the necessary time off to establish routines, bond with their child, and settle into parenthood.

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We have made mental health and healthy minds a central pillar of the employee experience, where we empower everyone to speak openly and confidently about their wellbeing. Our mental health resources continue to expand with a focus on support for our people leaders. In 2023, we continued to deliver Mindful Leadership Training through live interactive sessions and introduced the Mindful Leadership eTraining with an accompanying toolkit to ensure sustainable global access to the training and resources needed to lead mentally healthy and psychologically safe teams. This resource was added in addition to our broad effort to embed wellbeing into our workplace culture across the organization by ensuring all employees feel comfortable being themselves, hear the same messages, have access to care and support, and participate equally in offerings which include: free access to an employee assistance program, a meditation app, mindfulness discussions, learning opportunities and spotlights on mental health centered around two annual mental health days off (May and October). We remain a signatory to the Mindful Business Charter, where we continue to implement workplace practices and policies to focus on people dimensions in the workplace. In 2023, our commitment to a healthy workplace was recognized, as Thomson Reuters won the 2023 Working Well Organization of the Year award from Headspace.

Our health and wellbeing offerings continue to evolve locally and globally giving employees access to physical, financial, and social resources, inclusive of learning opportunities, financial and legal counseling, resource guides, individual counseling and coaching, connection and networking experiences. Thomson Reuters also has a global employee recognition platform that allows teammates to express appreciation and gratitude and to recognize each other and celebrate career milestones. We remain committed to creating a healthy, safe and supportive workplace with campaigns focused on spotlighting personal wellbeing resources and healthy workplace practices within our environment, building awareness to internal and external resources of support, promoting employee connection with personal story telling through our internal community channels such as organized chats and blog posts, involvement in business resource groups and creating brave spaces where people can come together to support each other through crisis and events that are impacting our colleagues.

Community and Social Impact

At Thomson Reuters, we have a shared responsibility to do business in ways that respect, protect and benefit our customers, our employees, our communities and our environment. To support this corporate value, we encourage employee volunteerism, provide financial and

in-kind

donations and offer corporate matches for employee donations.

Thomson Reuters annually provides 16 hours of paid volunteer time off (VTO) to every employee and provides an additional 20 hours of paid VTO to a subset of employees with law degrees to provide legal pro bono aid to nonprofit organizations. In 2023, our employees logged over 60,000 volunteer hours. Thomson Reuters employees have personal and professional skills that can help our communities address critical needs which, in turn, increases their knowledge about important social issues and develops a variety of relevant organizational skills. In addition to legal pro bono aid, we offer

non-legal

pro bono and skills-based volunteering opportunities including our IMPACTathon program and Pro Bono Projects program. In 2023, Thomson Reuters employees provided over 7,600 hours in total pro bono support to nonprofit organizations around the world. We also offer a corporate matching gifts program and a payroll giving option for employee donations. In 2023, donations from our employees together with corporate matches totaled approximately US$1.2 million to over 700 nonprofits in 21 different countries.

Finally, we provide some of our products and services free of charge to various

not-for-profit

organizations to support their initiatives. For example, Thomson Reuters has provided access to our CLEAR product to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children since 2010. We also provide our Westlaw, Practical Law and HighQ products to various

not-for-profit

organizations.

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The Thomson Reuters Foundation

The Thomson Reuters Foundation works to protect media freedom, foster more inclusive economies and advance human rights issues.

The Foundation combines its unique media, legal and data expertise to foster free, fair and informed societies. It supports independent journalism through a mixture of training, sustainability and legal initiatives, drives responsible business practices through data-led research and convenings, and facilitates access to the law via the world’s largest pro bono legal network. It also hosts opportunities for cross-sector collaboration, which include its flagship annual event Trust Conference. The Foundation’s digital news platform, Context, provides news and critical analysis that help purpose-driven professionals understand the impact of major events on people, society and the environment.

Additional information on the Foundation can be found at

www.trust.org

Governance Practices

Our Board and its committees oversee ESG initiatives. The Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors evaluates our ESG strategy and progress and is updated on a quarterly basis by our management. We remain committed to our values and ethics through our governance practices, which include our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Properties and Facilities

We own and lease office space and facilities around the world to support our businesses. We believe that our properties are in good condition and are adequate and suitable for our present purposes. The following table provides summary information about our principal properties as of December 31, 2023.



Facility	Approx. Sq. Ft.	Owned/Leased	Principal Use

610 Opperman Drive, Eagan, Minnesota, United States	2,711,860	Owned	Legal Professionals headquarters and Global Print operating facilities

2900 Ames Crossing Rd. Eagan, Minnesota, United States	308,070	Subleased	Legal Professionals headquarters beginning in the second quarter of 2024.

6300 Interfirst Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States	247,210	Owned	Tax & Accounting Professionals operating facility

Knowledge Court, Bangalore, India	150,760	Leased	Thomson Reuters shared services center

5 Canada Square, London, United Kingdom	133,400	Subleased	Legal Professionals, Tax & Accounting Professionals and Reuters News operating facility

Hyderabad, Bldg. 11 Madhapur, Hyderabad, India	130,319	Leased	Global shared service center.

19 Duncan Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada	129,950	Leased	Thomson Reuters headquarters

2395 Midway Road, Carrollton, Texas, United States	78,720	Leased (1)	Tax & Accounting Professionals and Corporates operating facility.

Reforma Cuarzo 26 Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City, Mexico	60,650	Leased	Global shared service center

3 Times Square, New York, New York, United States	46,100	Owned/leased (2)	Reuters News, Legal Professionals and Corporates operating facility

Landis & Gyr 3, Zug, Switzerland	31,870	Leased	Enterprise Centre

(1)

In December 2023, we sold our Carrollton facility, which was formerly our Tax & Accounting operating facility. In an effort to assist with the transition into our new office space, we have leased back a portion of the office space within the Carrollton facility.

(2)

The landlord (3XSQ Associates) is an entity owned by one of our subsidiaries and Rudin Times Square Associates LLC. 3XSQ Associates was formed to build and operate the 3 Times Square property.

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Risk Factors

The risks and uncertainties below represent the risks that our management believes are material. If any of the events or developments discussed below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. Other factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material could also affect our future business and operations. The risks below are organized by categories and are not necessarily listed in the order of priority to our company.


Risk Category	Page
Strategic Risks		19
Technology and Data Risks		24
Operational Risks		27
Legal, Regulatory and Intellectual Property Risks		29
Financial Risks		33
Corporate Structure Risks		34

Strategic Risks

We may be adversely affected by uncertainty, downturns and changes in the markets that we serve, in particular in the legal, tax and accounting industries.

We operate in a dynamic external environment that is rapidly shifting due to innovation in technology, evolving and increasing global regulation and information proliferation. Uncertainty, downturns and changes that impact our business can also arise as a result of conditions in global financial markets, changes in macroeconomic factors, changes in laws and regulations, political conditions and election outcomes, political and social unrest, wars and conflicts, terrorist acts, cyber-attacks, economic and regulatory sanctions, natural disasters and public health crises (such as epidemics and pandemics, including

COVID-19)

and other factors over which we have no control.

Our performance depends on the financial health and strength of our customers, which in turn is primarily dependent on the general economy in the United States (74% of our 2023 revenues) and secondarily on the general economies in Europe, Asia Pacific, Canada and Latin America. The global economy continues to experience substantial disruption and uncertainty due to rising geopolitical tensions, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and related government sanctions and the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict, ongoing protectionism measures due to a decline in global alignment, aggressive monetary tightening, weaker global demand, evolving interest rate and inflationary backdrop, supply chain disruptions, labour shortages and other events. These factors may create unprecedented economic conditions, including the possibility of an economic recession, that may last substantially longer than expected and create stress on economic growth and market volatility. These conditions could lead to limited business opportunities for our customers, creating significant cost pressures for some of them, which could lead to lower demand for our products and services. We are unable to predict the extent of impact or duration of any such economic conditions, or their ultimate impact on demand for our products and services.

In 2023, we derived 81% of our revenues from our Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals businesses. Global uncertainty and changing economic conditions can impact these industries.

The profitability of our products and services relies on our customers’ demand for and usage of our products and services. While we endeavour to accurately predict these trends, with the recent impact technology has had on our customers’ business models, it has become difficult to accurately predict our customers’ demand for our products and services. Cost-cutting,

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reduced spending or reduced activity by customers may decrease demand for, and usage of, some of our products and services. This could adversely affect our financial results by reducing our revenues, which could in turn reduce the profitability of some of our products and services. Some of our customers may also slow down decision-making or delay planned renewals or implementations because of economic conditions, which may disrupt historical spending patterns.

Law firms continue to be challenged by corporate counsels, which are seeking to keep more work

in-house

to deliver greater business value and insights internally, limit increases in billing rates and hours, and insist on increased transparency and efficiency from law firms. The demand for legal services has also experienced low growth in 2023, negatively affected by shrinking activity in transactional practices, including real estate and mergers and acquisitions practice areas. The emergence of generative AI as a tool in the legal space could also have significant impact on law firms, such as their headcount, service delivery, and pricing. While generative AI introduces productivity and efficiency improvement opportunities for law firms, it also adds uncertainties to how law firms and legal professionals need to evolve with technology in the future. These trends could impact the future ability to spend by a select set of our law firm customers on our products which in turn could adversely affect our revenues as well as our cash flows.

Accounting firms are also adapting their business models related to service offerings, technology and pricing to address their clients’ evolving needs, priorities and expectations. In particular, accounting firms continue to experience commoditization in audit and tax compliance in an increasingly complex regulatory environment and are looking to expand into more profitable advisory services and identify more areas to use automation.

Corporations continue to be under pressure to become more efficient and drive margins which may put pressure on their ability to spend on our products. Their behavior is also closely linked to economic cycles with spending pressures tied to periods of economic downturn. Their focus on cybersecurity is increasing, putting additional demands on our products and lengthening sales cycles. Corporations are also focusing on consolidating vendors which adds an additional dimension of competition.

Global Print (8% of our 2023 revenues) experienced a 5% revenue decline in 2023, as customers continued to migrate from traditional print formats to digital solutions. Declines in Global Print revenues can adversely affect our profitability as well as our cash flows.

Relative to our Reuters News business, the media sector continues to transform, with the traditional news agency market under pressure due to audiences’ shift to digital and streaming services. In the Professional sector, we expect a soft discretionary spend market to continue to impact digital advertising and sponsorships revenues. While demand in the financial professional segment is growing, Reuters News is limited in its ability to participate in a number of sectors due to its exclusive agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG.

We may not be successful in our AI initiatives, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results.

We are making significant investments in

AI-based

initiatives, including generative AI. As with other investments, there are significant risks involved in development and deployment of AI and there can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our products or services, meet the needs and expectations of our customers, or be beneficial to our business, including our efficiency or profitability. The development of generative AI technologies is complex and evolving and there are technical challenges associated with achieving desired levels of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability. AI algorithms, models, and data may have limitations, including inherent human biases, errors, or inability to handle certain data types or scenarios. Furthermore, the use of AI may give rise to risks related to harmful content, accuracy, misinformation, bias, discrimination, intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, defamation, data privacy, and cybersecurity, among others. In addition, these risks include the possibility of new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny or industry standards, litigation, or other legal liability, ethical concerns, negative consumer perceptions as to automation and AI, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results.

We also face significant competition from other companies that are developing their own AI products and technologies. Those other companies may develop AI products and technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies or are more cost-effective to develop and deploy. In addition, other companies may have (or in the future may obtain) patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit, or interfere with our ability to make, use, or sell our own AI features. Further, our ability to

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continue to develop and effectively deploy AI technologies is dependent on access to specific third-party equipment and other physical infrastructure, such as processing hardware and network capacity, as to which we cannot control the availability, especially in a highly competitive environment. This reliance on third parties creates additional risks such as data loss, product outages, price fluctuations, and other challenges inherent with working with third parties. We may not have insight into, or control over, the practices of third parties who may utilize such AI technologies. As such, we cannot guarantee that third parties will not use such AI technologies for improper purposes, including through the dissemination of inaccurate, defamatory or harmful content, intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, furthering bias or discrimination, cybersecurity attacks, data privacy violations, or to develop competing technologies. Given that the development, adoption and use of generative AI technologies still remains in the early stages, it is not possible to predict all of the risks related to the use of AI and changes in laws, rules, directives, and regulations governing the use of AI may adversely affect our ability to develop and use AI or subject us to legal liability. In addition, the profitability of our generative AI initiatives will depend on the extent to which our customers utilize our generative AI products. Uncertainty in the legal regulatory regime relating to AI could affect customers desire to use our generative AI products.

We operate in highly competitive markets and may be adversely affected by this competition.

The markets for our information, software, services and news are highly competitive and are subject to rapid technological changes and evolving customer demands and needs. Our customers increasingly look to us for solutions to help them adapt, improve efficiency and demonstrate value. They increasingly want to leverage technology to maintain a competitive edge, by delivering a differentiated work product faster and by managing their firm or department more efficiently. If we fail to compete effectively and retain key clients, our revenues, profitability and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Many of our principal competitors are established companies and firms that have substantial financial resources, recognized brands, technological expertise and market experience and these competitors sometimes have more established positions in certain product segments and geographic regions than we do. Some larger companies that compete with us, such as enterprise resource planning (ERPs) companies, have large installed customer bases and may change or expand the focus of their business strategies to target our customers.

We increasingly compete with smaller and sometimes newer companies, some of which seek to differentiate themselves from the breadth of our offerings by being specialized, with a narrower focus than our company. As a result, they may be able to adopt new or emerging technologies, including AI and analytic capabilities, or address customer requirements at lower prices or more quickly than we can. New and emerging technologies can also have the impact of reducing potential barriers to entry, allowing

start-up

companies to enter the market at a quicker pace than they would have been able to in the past.

Public sources of free or relatively inexpensive information are available online and more of this information is expected to be available in the future. Some governmental and regulatory agencies have increased the amount of information they make publicly available at no cost. Several companies and organizations have made certain legal and tax information publicly available at no cost. “Open source” software that is available for free may also provide some functionality similar to that in some of our products. Public sources of free or relatively inexpensive information may reduce demand for our products and services if certain customers choose to use these public sources as a substitute for our products or services.

Some of our customers independently develop products and services that compete with ours, including through the formation of partnerships or consortia. If more of our customers become self-sufficient, demand for our products and services may be reduced.

We may also face increased competition from search providers that could pose a threat to some of our businesses by providing more

in-depth

offerings, adapting their products and services to meet the demands of their customers or combining with one of their traditional competitors to enhance their products and services.

Some of our competitors aggressively market their products as a lower cost alternative and offer price incentives to acquire new business, although we believe that many of our customers continue to see the value and enhancements reflected in our content, software, services and other offerings that sometimes results in a higher price. As some of our competitors offer products and services that may be viewed as more cost effective than ours or which may be seen as having greater functionality or performance than ours, the relative value of some of our products or services could be diminished.

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Competition may require us to reduce the price of some of our products and services (which may result in lower revenues) or make additional capital investments (which might result in lower profit margins). If we are unable or unwilling to reduce prices or make additional investments for some of our products and services in the future, we may lose customers and our financial results may be adversely affected. Some of our current or future products or services could also be rendered obsolete because of competitive offerings and new technologies.

In addition, we expect to face more competition as AI continues to be integrated into the markets in which we compete. Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products and solutions more successfully than we do and achieve greater, faster and more effective adoption, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our business and financial results. Further, we expect the markets for standalone AI offerings to be highly competitive and rapidly evolving. If we are not able to provide products, services and solutions that compete effectively, we could experience reduced sales and our business could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to keep pace with rapid technological developments to provide new products, services, applications, and functionalities to meet our customers’ needs, attract new customers and retain existing ones, expand into new geographic markets and identify areas of higher growth, our ability to generate revenues or achieve higher levels of revenue growth in the future may be adversely affected.

Our growth strategy involves enhancing our current products, developing new products, services, applications and functionalities in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet our customers’ needs, anticipating and responding to industry trends and technological changes, expanding into new geographic markets and maintaining a strong position in the sectors that we serve. We migrated portions of our revenue to cloud solutions, increased the proportion of sales we make through our digital channels, and improved our customers’ experience interacting with us. While the objective of the changes is to increase revenue, there is no assurance that we will be successful in increasing our company’s overall revenue growth in the future.

We continue to prioritize investments to drive organic growth in areas of our business that we believe have the highest potential for strategic growth, and selectively use acquisitions that we expect to contribute to the accelerated execution of our strategy. The transformation in our “Big 3” segments from providing content, data and information continues to evolve to a more software and solution centric content-driven technology business. Solutions often are designed to integrate our core content, data and information with software and workflow tools.

Disruptive and new technologies such as AI, ML, data synthesis, blockchain and user-generated capabilities are creating a need to adapt rapidly to the shifting landscape and to generate insights from these technologies to increase the value that our solutions and services bring to our customers. Customers are also seeking more cloud-based solutions. While we are focused on these changes to the technological landscape, if we fail to adapt, or do not adapt quickly enough, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted. Uncertainty around new and emerging AI applications, such as generative AI content creation, may require additional investment in the development of proprietary datasets and ML models, development of new approaches and processes to provide attribution, increased control or remuneration to content creators, which may be costly and could impact our profit margin. In addition, developing, testing and deploying AI systems may also increase the cost profile of our product offerings due to the nature of computing costs involved in such systems.

Growth in today’s business environment has required us to explore different business models than we have in the past. We continue to focus on driving growth through more collaboration and stronger relationships with both established and emerging companies and incubators. We are also continuing to increase our focus on partnerships and APIs. Some of these initiatives combine another company’s technology, data or other capabilities with our products and services. These initiatives involve a number of risks, including the risk that the expected synergies will not be realized, that they may require substantial expenditures and take considerable time and that the expected results may ultimately not be achieved, that a new initiative may conflict or detract from our existing businesses, or that security measures may not be adequate or could adversely impact our brand and reputation. In addition, our ability to adopt new services and develop new technologies may be inhibited by industry-wide standards, new laws and regulations, resistance to change from our customers, or third parties’ intellectual property rights. While we believe these initiatives will be attractive to our customers, allow us to innovate more quickly and build sales channels in segments that we could not have reached as quickly on our own, we are unable to provide any assurances that these initiatives will increase our revenue growth.

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Over the last few years, we have made significant investments designed to improve and enhance the functionality and performance of several of our key products, such as Westlaw Precision, HighQ, Legal Tracker, CLEAR, Westlaw Edge, Checkpoint Edge, Practical Law and ONESOURCE. We have also successfully migrated customers from legacy offerings to our current propositions and continued to enhance the reliability and resiliency of the technology infrastructure that we use to deliver products and services. However, if our customers’ adoption rates for existing and new products and services are lower than our expectations, our revenues may be lower and our results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our customers access our products and services on different platforms and devices, including, desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tables, wearables, voice-activated speakers and television streaming devices. It is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing versions of our products and services for use on these various platforms and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support, and maintenance of such offerings. If our competitors release alternative device products, services or apps more quickly than we are able to, or if our customers do not adopt our offerings in this area, our revenues and retention rates could be adversely affected.

We may be unable to derive fully the anticipated benefits from our existing or future acquisitions, dispositions, or other strategic transactions, including joint ventures and investments.

While we are focused on growing our businesses organically, acquisitions and other strategic transactions remain an important part of our growth strategy to expand and enhance our products, services and customer base and to enter new geographic areas. In 2023, we acquired Casetext, which uses AI and ML to enable professionals to work more efficiently. We also acquired Imagen Ltd., a media asset management company, which is now part of our Reuters News segment, acquired the remaining interest in Westlaw Japan, a leading provider of comprehensive legal information services, featuring the largest case law database in the Japanese market and acquired SurePrep, a provider of tax automation software and services. More recently, in January 2024, we acquired World Business Media Limited, a cross-platform, subscription-based provider of editorial coverage for the P&C and specialty (re)insurance industry and announced the public tender offer to acquire 100% of the shares of Pagero Group AB (publ), a global leader in

e-invoicing

and indirect tax solutions, which it delivers through its Smart Business Network. As of the date hereof, we have acquired 99.46% interest in Pagero Group AB (publ).

In the future, we may not be able to successfully identify attractive acquisition or other strategic transaction opportunities or make acquisitions or other strategic transactions on terms that are satisfactory to our company from a commercial perspective. In addition, competition for acquisitions in the industries in which we operate during recent years has escalated, and may increase the price of acquisitions or other strategic transactions, which could cause us to refrain from making certain acquisitions. Our ability to execute on opportunities may also be affected by factors beyond our control, including without limitation, commercial or regulatory changes that may subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny from competition and antitrust authorities in connection with acquisitions and other strategic transactions. Achieving the expected returns and synergies from existing and future acquisitions or other strategic transactions will depend in part upon our ability to integrate the products and services, technology, administrative functions and personnel of these businesses into our segments in an efficient and effective manner. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so, or that our acquired businesses, joint ventures or investments will perform at anticipated levels or that we will be able to obtain these synergies. Management resources may also be diverted from operating our existing businesses to certain acquisition and other strategic transaction integration challenges. If we are unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses and other strategic transactions, as applicable, our anticipated revenues and profits may be lower. Our profit margins may also be lower, or diluted, following the acquisition of, or strategic transactions involving, companies whose profit margins are less than those of our existing businesses. Certain acquisitions may initially incur losses which would reduce our earnings per share in certain periods.

We have also historically decided from time to time to dispose of assets or businesses that are no longer aligned with strategic objectives or our current business portfolio (notably, our former Financial & Risk business which is now the Data & Analytics business of LSEG). These transactions may involve challenges and risks. There can be no assurance that future divestitures will occur, or if a transaction does occur, there can be no assurance as to the potential value created by the transaction. The process of exploring strategic alternatives or selling a business could also negatively impact customer decision-making and cause uncertainty and negatively impact our ability to attract, retain and motivate key employees. Any failures or delays in completing

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divestitures could have an adverse effect on our financial results and on our ability to execute our strategy. Although we have established procedures and processes to mitigate these risks, there is no assurance that those procedures and processes will be effective or that these transactions will be successful. In addition, we expend costs and management resources to complete divestitures and manage post-closing arrangements. Completed divestitures may also result in continued financial involvement in the divested business, such as through guarantees, indemnifications, transition services arrangements or other financial arrangements, following the transaction.

Our brands and reputation are important company assets and are key to our ability to remain a trusted source of information and news.

The integrity of our brands and reputation is key to our ability to remain a trusted source of information and news and to attract and retain customers. Negative publicity regarding our company or actual, alleged or perceived issues regarding one of our products or services could harm our relationship with customers.

Failure to protect our brands or a failure by our company to uphold the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles may also adversely impact our credibility as a trusted supplier of content and may have a negative impact on our information and news business.

There is an increasing focus from stakeholders concerning corporate responsibility, specifically relating to ESG initiatives. We pursue ESG initiatives because they contribute to value creation for our customers, employees, shareholders and other stakeholders. We have set a number of targets related to these initiatives. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, customers, vendors, employees and other stakeholders related to our ESG performance or our ESG initiatives are not executed as planned, it could adversely affect our reputation, business, share price, financial condition or results of operations.

Technology and Data Risks

Cybersecurity incidents, data breaches resulting in unauthorized access to or disclosure of information and data (including personal data), or disruptive cyber-attacks that impact the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our services and information systems (including the information and data contained therein) could harm our reputation, cause customers to lose confidence in our security measures, and adversely impact our business.

Similar to other global business information services and media companies, and also due to the prominence of our Reuters News business, we experience cyber-threats and cyber-attacks that could negatively impact our systems, information, and data. Cyber-threats and cyber-attacks vary in technique and sources, are persistent, frequently change and are increasingly becoming more sophisticated and targeted. Given the use of emerging technologies, such as advanced forms of AI and quantum computing, cyber-threats and cyber-attacks have become increasingly more difficult to detect and prevent.

While we have dedicated resources at our company who are responsible for maintaining appropriate levels of cyber-security and protecting our and our customers’ information and data, our services and information systems may in the future be compromised or breached, including by:

Cyber-attacks on our networks, websites, hosting environments or infrastructure on which many of our service offerings operate using computer viruses or other malware, distributed denial of service attacks, ransomware, phishing, social engineering, or destructive attacks against information systems. The occurrence of these and other more sophisticated attack campaigns may increase with the growing number of workforces that remotely access our systems and as heightened geopolitical tensions contribute to elevated global exposures to cybersecurity risks;

The introduction or exploitation of vulnerabilities existing in our products or internally-built applications, including our generative AI products, some of which may be undetected and only discovered after an extended period of time and after installation or integration by our company or our customers;

The introduction or exploitation of vulnerabilities in purchased or licensed third-party software, adopted open source software, or in newly integrated technologies resulting from an acquisition or partnership, some of which may be undetected and only discovered after an extended period of time and after installation or integration by our company or our customers;

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Actions taken by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including nation-states, state-sponsored or aligned, or criminal organizations;

Attacks on, or vulnerabilities in, underlying networks and services that power the Internet and supporting power and water supply, most of which are not under our direct control or the control of our suppliers, partners or customers;

Human errors by employees, contractors or customers or intentional acts by employees, contractors or customers with access to our systems that compromise our security measures; and

Attacks against employee or contractor work from home or hybrid working environments (e.g., home networks, residential internet service providers) that allow an unauthorized party to gain or attempt to gain remote or physical access to the employee’s or contractor’s devices or information used to access corporate resources.

As a third-party supplier, we are sometimes provided with a trusted connection to a customer’s systems or networks. If malicious parties compromise our systems and networks and embed malicious hardware, components or software, they could gain access to our or our customers’ systems and information. In addition, if a customer experiences a cybersecurity incident, data privacy breach, or disruptive cyber-attack that results in a compromise or breach of our own services and information systems (and the information and data contained therein) and/or the misappropriation of some of our information and data, our company’s reputation could be harmed, even if we were not responsible for the breach.

None of these threats and related incidents to date have resulted in a material adverse impact for our business. We seek to mitigate these risks through our ability to detect, escalate and respond to known and potential risks through our Enterprise Security Incident Management processes. While we maintain what we believe is sufficient insurance coverage that may (subject to certain policy terms and conditions including self-insured deductibles) cover certain aspects of third-party security and cyber-risks and business interruption, our insurance coverage may not always cover all costs or losses and it does not extend to any reputational damage or costs incurred to improve systems as a result of these types of incidents.

Many of our third-party suppliers, including certain hosted infrastructure, platform and software applications that we use for information and data storage, employ cloud computing technology for storage and service delivery. These providers’ cloud computing systems may be susceptible to cyber-incidents, such as intentional cyber-attacks to access or obtain information and data or inadvertent cyber-security compromises, some of which are outside of our control. Additionally, our outsourcing of certain functions requires us to sometimes grant network access to third-party suppliers. If our third-party suppliers do not maintain adequate security measures, do not require their

sub-contractors

to maintain adequate security measures or do not perform as anticipated and in accordance with contractual requirements, information and data of customers, employees or other individuals or third parties could be compromised and we may experience operational difficulties, loss of intellectual property or other information or data, loss of customer trust and increased costs, regulatory penalties, fines, actions or litigation, all of which could adversely impact our brand and reputation and materially impact our business and results of operations.

We collect, store, use and transmit information and data, including public records, intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personal data of our customers, employees, business partners and other individuals on our networks. A number of our customers and suppliers also entrust us with storing and securing their own data and information. Our businesses include certain subscription-based screening products which we sell to institutional customers and governments to enable them to satisfy various regulatory obligations. Any fraudulent, malicious or accidental breach of our data security or data privacy measures could result in unintentional disclosure of, or unauthorized access to, third-party, customer, vendor, employee or other confidential information and data, which could potentially result in additional costs to our company to enhance security or to respond to occurrences, lost sales, violations of privacy or other laws, penalties, fines, regulatory action or litigation. In addition, media or other reports of perceived breaches or security vulnerabilities to our systems or those of our third-party suppliers, even if no breach has been attempted or occurred, could adversely impact our brand and reputation and materially impact our business and results of operations.

Misappropriation, improper modification, destruction, corruption, encryption or unavailability of our services and information systems (and the information and data contained therein), or ransom demands due to cyber-attacks or other security breaches, could damage our brand and reputation. Customers and the public could lose confidence in our security measures and reliability,

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which would harm our ability to retain customers and gain new ones. We could also face litigation or other claims from impacted individuals as well as substantial regulatory sanctions or fines. If any of these were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Social and ethical issues relating to the use of AI in our products may result in reputational harm and liability.

Social and ethical issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies such as AI in our products, may result in reputational harm and liability, and may cause us to incur additional research and development, marketing, and other costs to resolve such issues. We are increasingly building generative AI into our software solutions. As with many innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. If we enable or offer solutions, enter into partnerships with third parties or engage third party vendors that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Potential government regulation related to AI use and ethics, or requirements from third party groups, such as local bar associations or tax licensing boards, may also increase the burden and cost of research and development in this area, and failure to properly remediate AI usage or ethics issues may cause public confidence in AI to be undermined, which could slow adoption of AI in our products and services. The rapid evolution of AI will require the application of resources to develop, test and maintain our products and services to help ensure that AI is implemented ethically in order to minimize unintended, harmful impact.

We rely heavily on our own and third-party data centers, network systems, telecommunications and the Internet and any failures or disruptions may adversely affect our ability to serve our customers and could negatively impact our revenues, ability to retain customers and reputation.

Most of our products and services are delivered electronically and our customers depend on our ability to receive, store, process, transmit and otherwise rapidly handle very substantial quantities of data and transactions on computer-based networks. Our customers also depend on the continued capacity, reliability and security of our data centers, third-party infrastructure and platform providers, networks, telecommunications and other electronic delivery systems, including websites and the Internet. Our employees also depend on these systems for our internal use. Rapidly evolving technology may require us to further rely on third party partners and vendors to provide and support our services, which can add costs, risks and impact margins. If we fail to anticipate or misjudge customers’ rapidly changing needs and expectations or adapt to emerging technological trends, our market share and results of operations could suffer.

We are increasingly shifting more of our software from being

on-premise

installations to SaaS or cloud-based offerings that provide customers with access through the Internet. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 90% of our revenue was available in a cloud solution. We will increasingly be dependent on third-party service providers (notably Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure) to maintain the cloud infrastructure that we use to operate our business. Increasing the amount of our infrastructure that we outsource to the cloud or to other third parties may increase our risk exposure. If these third-party service providers fail, consolidate, or stop providing certain services or implement cost-cutting efforts, our business could be adversely affected.

Any significant failure, compromise, cybersecurity incident, data privacy breach, disruptive cyber-attack, or interruption of our systems or a third-party service provider’s, including operational services, sabotage,

break-ins,

war, terrorist activities, human error, natural disaster, power or coding loss and computer viruses, could cause our or a third-party service provider’s systems to operate slowly or could interrupt service for periods of time. The frequency and intensity of weather events related to climate change are also increasing, which could increase the likelihood and severity of such disasters as well as related damage and business interruptions if any of our or our key third-party service providers’ facilities or systems are affected. While we and our key third-party service providers have disaster recovery and business continuity plans that utilize industry standards and best practices, including

back-up

facilities for primary data centers, a testing program and staff training, the systems are not always fully redundant and disaster recovery and business continuity plans may not always be sufficient or effective. To the extent that our telecommunications, information technology systems, cloud-based service providers or other networks are managed or hosted by third parties, we would need to coordinate with these third parties to resolve any issues. In the past when we have experienced slow operation of our systems or service interruptions, some of our products, services, websites, information or data have been unavailable for a limited period of time, but none of these occurrences have been material to our business. Disruptions and outages to our products could have a negative effect on our revenues, ability to retain customers and reputation.

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Our ability to effectively use the Internet may also be impaired due to infrastructure failures, service outages at third-party Internet providers or increased government regulation. In addition, we are facing significant increases in our use of power and data storage. We may experience shortage of capacity and increased costs associated with such usage. These events may affect our ability to store, process and transmit data and services to our customers.

Operational Risks

If we do not continue to attract, engage and retain high quality, talented and diverse management and key employees, we may not be able to execute our strategies.

The completion and execution of our strategies depends on our ability to continue to attract, engage and retain high quality, talented and diverse management and employees across all of our businesses. We compete with many businesses that are seeking skilled individuals, particularly those with experience in technology, cybersecurity, data science, digital marketing, cognitive computing, AI and product management. Competition for professionals in our Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments can also be intense as other companies seek to enhance their positions in our market segments.

Organizational changes could also cause our employee attrition rate to increase. In particular, our reputation and results of operations could be harmed if employee morale, engagement or productivity decline or are disrupted as a result of these initiatives.

Our future work model continues to evolve and may not meet the needs or expectations of our existing and prospective employees and they may prefer work models offered by other companies. If we are unable to continue to identify or be successful in attracting, motivating and retaining the appropriate qualified personnel for our businesses, it could adversely affect our ability to execute our strategies.

More recently, with the rapid increase and the use of and investment in AI by a number of companies, the market for skilled personnel in AI is very competitive. Some of the companies we compete with in this space for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have and may offer more lucrative compensation packages than we offer or provide such other incentives that we may not be able to offer. We have experienced and we expect to experience significant competition in hiring and retaining employees in this space. Our ability to execute on our generative AI strategy will be adversely affected if we are unable to retain and hire highly skilled employees in this space.

If we are unable to successfully adapt to organizational changes and other strategic initiatives, our reputation and results of operations could be impacted.

Our ability to successfully manage organizational changes is important for our future business success. In particular, our reputation and results of operations could be harmed if employee morale, engagement or productivity decline as a result of organizational changes.

Furthermore, we may not realize all of the cost savings, incremental revenue and synergies that we expect to achieve from our strategic initiatives due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, unexpected operational or technological challenges, higher than expected costs or expenses, delays in the anticipated timing of activities and other unexpected costs associated with operating our business. If we are unable to achieve the cost savings, incremental revenue or synergies that we expect to achieve from our strategic initiatives, it could adversely affect our profitability and related margins.

We have implemented significant organizational changes from our Change Program in 2022, a

two-year

initiative to transform our company into a leading content driven technology company which we completed in December 2022. As part of the Change Program, we moved the location of various jobs, significantly reduced our office portfolio around the world, migrated portions of our revenue to cloud solutions, increased the proportion of sales we make through our digital channels and improved our customers’ experience interacting with us. We achieved $540 million of annualized

run-rate

operating expense savings from the program.

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Operating globally involves challenges that we may not be able to meet and that may adversely affect our ability to grow.

In 2023, we earned 74% of our revenues from U.S. customers. As part of our globalization efforts, we operate regional teams, particularly in emerging markets, that work across our segments to combine local expertise with global capabilities to address specific customer needs. We sometimes modify existing products and services for local markets, but we also develop specifically for local markets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 65% of our employees were located outside of the United States.

We believe that there are advantages to operating globally, including a proportionately reduced exposure to the market developments of a single country or region. However, there are certain risks inherent in doing business globally which may adversely affect our business and ability to grow. These risks include:

Difficulties in penetrating new markets due to established and entrenched competitors or unavailability of local companies for acquisition or joint venture partners or restrictions on foreign ownership;

Difficulties in developing products and services that are tailored to the needs of local customers;

Local lack of recognition of our brands or acceptance or knowledge of our products and services;

The impact of geopolitical tensions in local markets, including the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and related government sanctions and the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict, ongoing protectionism measures due to a decline in global alignment, aggressive monetary tightening, weaker global demand, rising interest rates, supply chain disruptions, labour shortages and other events;

Economic, political or social instability in local markets;

Exposure to possibly adverse governmental or regulatory actions in countries where we operate or conduct business;

Higher inflation rates and increased credit risk;

The impact of foreign currency fluctuations on prices charged to local customers, notably when there is strengthening of the U.S. dollar, and other controls, regulations and orders that might restrict our ability to repatriate cash or limit our ability to move or invest cash freely;

Difficulties hiring and retaining staff for foreign operations, differing employee/employer relationships, and other challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;

Reduced protection for intellectual property rights;

Changes in laws and policies affecting trade and investment in other jurisdictions; and

Managing compliance with local laws and regulations (notably related to data privacy, data use and data protection) and varying and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations across the countries in which we do business.

Adverse developments in any of these areas could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results. Challenges associated with operating globally may increase for our company as we continue to expand into geographic areas that we believe present the highest growth opportunities. We may also be required or may decide to cease or modify operations in a particular country as a result of a risk described above, which could adversely affect our business and results.

We are dependent on third parties for data, information and other services.

We obtain significant data and information through licensing arrangements with content providers, some of which may be viewed as competitors. Some providers may seek to increase fees for providing their proprietary content or services and others may not offer our company an opportunity to renew existing agreements. We also depend on public sources for certain data and information.

In addition, we rely on third-party service providers for telecommunications and other services that we have outsourced, such as certain human resources administrative functions, facilities management and IT services. Any failure by the third-party service providers we work with to comply with applicable laws, regulations, or agreements, could result in formal investigations or enforcement actions, fines, litigation, claims or negative publicity and could result in significant liability, and otherwise have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

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If we are unable to maintain or renegotiate commercially acceptable arrangements with these content or service providers or find substitutes or alternative sources of equivalent content or service, our business could be adversely affected. Our revenues and margins could also be reduced if some of our competitors obtained exclusive rights to provide or distribute certain types of data or information that was viewed as critical by our customers.

Legal, Regulatory and Intellectual Property Risks

We may be adversely affected by changes in legislation and regulation related to privacy, data security, data protection, use of AI and other areas, which may impact how we provide products and services and how we collect and use information and data.

Legislative and regulatory changes that impact our company, and legislative and regulatory changes that impact our customers’ industries also impact how we provide products and services to our customers. The evolving regulatory landscape is also enabling new types of services, which can benefit our Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments. However, some types of legal or regulatory changes could also result in reduced demand for certain products or services.

We are subject to a significant number of laws relating to privacy, data security, data protection, AI, anti-money laundering, sanctions and other trade controls, electronic and mobile communications, competition,

e-commerce,

direct marketing, digital advertising, the use of public records and other areas which have become more prevalent and developed in recent years.

In 2023, there has been a rapid increase in the use of and the investment in AI by a number of companies which has resulted in a significant focus by regulators on the use of AI. Although several jurisdictions around the globe have already proposed or enacted laws governing AI, there is still uncertainty in the legal regulatory regime relating to AI. Uncertainty in the legal regulatory regime relating to AI may require significant resources to modify and maintain business practices or products to comply with applicable laws, the nature of which cannot be determined at this time. Future legislation may make it harder for us to conduct our business using AI, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our product offerings or business practices, or prevent or limit our use of AI. If we cannot use AI, or that use is restricted, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the evolving AI regulatory environment could affect our customers desire to use products with generative AI due to the unknown nature of the risks associated with such use, may increase our liability related to the use of generative AI products by our customers that are beyond our control and result in an increase in our research and development costs to tailor our products and solutions to comply with legal requirements across different jurisdictions related to customer use.

Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, we collect, store, use and transmit certain types of information and data that are subject to an increasing number of different laws and regulations. In particular, the data security, data protection and privacy laws and regulations that we are subject to often vary by jurisdiction and include, without limitation, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and various U.S. state and federal laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and complying with applicable laws and regulations involves significant costs and time.

GDPR provides data protection requirements and related compliance obligations in the E.U. Serious breaches of the GDPR can result in administrative fines of up to 4% of annual worldwide revenues and fines up to 2% of annual worldwide revenues can be imposed for other types of violations. We are also subject to U.K. data protection law, which imposes obligations and penalties similar to GDPR.

Various U.S. state privacy laws reflect requirements for the handling of personal data and provide data privacy rights to their residents. Violations can result in civil penalties and in some instances, provide consumers with a private right of action for data breaches, which may increase data breach litigation. Other U.S. state and federal legislative and regulatory bodies have implemented or are considering similar legislation, which, if passed, could create more risks, compliance complexity and potential costs for us.

In the E.U., proposed legislation known as the Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or ePrivacy Regulation, would replace an E.U. regulation known as the ePrivacy Directive, which we are currently subject to. The ePrivacy Regulation is focused on privacy regarding electronic communications services and data processed by electronic communications services.

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The ePrivacy Regulation is still under development and in draft form and the timeline for adoption and effectiveness is unclear. The ePrivacy Regulation may require us to further modify some of our data practices and compliance could result in additional costs for our company. In addition, the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA) adds further complexity and increased consumer protection and technology regulation.

Proposed and existing legislation in other countries and regions around the world related to privacy, data security, data protection and other related areas may also impact how we provide products and services and how we collect and use information.

Current or future laws, regulations and ethical considerations related to the use of AI technology and ML may impact our ability to provide insights from data and use certain data to develop our products. These factors may also impose burdensome and costly requirements on our ability to utilize data in innovative ways.

Some of these laws and regulations require us to collect affirmative

opt-in

consent and/or include a “right to be forgotten,” a right for individuals to opt out or object to having their data shared with third parties and a right to be informed about what data about them is being shared. The viability and perceived value of some of our screening products could be adversely impacted through the requirements of these laws and regulations and the exercise of these rights. Some of these laws and regulations, along with industry changes (such as the industry elimination of third-party cookies), could adversely impact our collection and use of certain information and our digital advertising revenue.

We are also subject to data localization laws in certain countries, which require us to store and process certain types of data within a particular country. We are also subject to various data transfer restrictions, including, without limitation, in light of court cases in the E.U. and the exit of the United Kingdom from the E.U., which either limits our ability to transfer, or requires us to guarantee a certain level of protection when transferring, data from one country to another. The regulatory landscape in various countries where we operate continues to evolve and sometimes includes strict local rules regarding the use (or restrictions on use) of encryption technologies as well as broad governmental rights related to Internet monitoring and regulation of Internet transmissions.

Existing, new and proposed legislation, regulations, and regulatory guidance, including changes in the manner in which such legislation and regulations are interpreted by courts, may:

Impose limits on our collection, retention and use of certain kinds of information or data and our ability to communicate such information effectively to our customers;

Impose limits on our ability to develop and offer our products, services, and content in certain countries;

Frustrate or disrupt our ability to do business with certain customers and other third parties or collect or pay third parties, including without limitation as a result of newly issued sanctions and export/import restrictions;

Increase our cost of doing business or require us to change some of our existing business practices; and

Conflict or increase complexity on a global basis (such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar laws).

Governmental action (including laws or economic or political policies that restrict the use of specific companies, equipment or services, including those deemed to be sensitive to national interests) can also create some legal uncertainties. It is difficult to predict in what form laws and regulations will be adopted, changed or repealed, how they will be construed by the relevant courts, or the extent to which any changes might adversely affect us.

Although we have implemented policies and procedures that are designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, we could be subject to civil or criminal fines and penalties, and other enforcement actions, litigation or other claims, reputational damage, and loss in revenue for any violations – which, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, and financial condition.

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Our intellectual property rights are valuable and may not be adequately protected, which may adversely affect our financial results.

Many of our products and services are based on information delivered through a variety of media, including online, software-based applications, smartphones, tablets, books, journals and dedicated transmission lines. We rely, in part, on agreements with our customers, employees, consultants, advisors, suppliers and other third parties to protect our confidential proprietary information,

know-how

and technology. We also rely on patent, trademark, copyright and other intellectual property laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our products, and services and with our brand. Nonetheless, third parties may be able to copy, infringe or otherwise profit from our proprietary rights. We also conduct business in some countries where the extent of legal protection for intellectual property rights is uncertain or may be ineffective. Although we have taken appropriate measures to protect our intellectual property, we cannot assure you that our intellectual property rights will not be infringed. If we are not able to protect our intellectual property rights, our financial results may be adversely affected.

The intellectual property of an acquired business may also be an important component of the value that we agree to pay for such a business. However, such acquisitions are subject to the risks that the acquired business may not own the intellectual property that we believe we are acquiring, that the intellectual property is dependent upon licenses from third parties or that the acquired business infringes upon the intellectual property rights of others. If we are not able to successfully integrate acquired businesses’ intellectual property rights, our financial results may be adversely affected.

Some of our competitors may also be able to develop new products or services that are similar to ours without infringing our intellectual property rights, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to the regulatory uncertainty in the AI landscape, there also exists uncertainty in the scope of intellectual property protection offered under copyright as courts in crucial jurisdictions begin to grapple with the application of copyright law to generative AI, which could result in an inability to rely on traditional copyright to adequately protect our content and source code. Additionally, if unauthorized disclosure of our source code occurs through security breach, cyber-attack or otherwise, we would lose future trade secret protection for that source code. Such loss could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products by utilizing our content or copying functionality, which could cause us to lose customers and could adversely affect our revenue and operating margins. If we cannot protect our intellectual property against unauthorized copying, use, or other misappropriation, our business could be harmed.

Tax matters, including changes to tax laws, regulations and treaties, could impact our effective tax rate and our results of operations.

We operate in many countries worldwide and our earnings are subject to taxation in many different jurisdictions and at different rates. We seek to organize our affairs in a tax efficient manner, taking account of the jurisdictions in which we operate. In 2023, our effective tax rate was lower than the Canadian corporate income tax rate due largely to lower tax rates and differing tax rules applicable to certain of our operating and financing subsidiaries outside Canada. Our effective tax rate has fluctuated in the past and is likely to fluctuate in the future, reflecting the mix of taxing jurisdictions in which

pre-tax

profits and losses are recognized. Our effective tax rate and our cash tax cost in the future will depend on the laws of numerous countries and the provisions of multiple income tax treaties between various countries in which we operate. Our income tax expense and our effective tax rate could also be adversely affected by changes, possibly with retroactive effect, in tax laws and regulations, international treaties and tax accounting standards and/or uncertainty over their application and interpretation as well as changes in the geographic mix of our profits.

We are subject to regular audits, examinations and reviews by tax authorities in Canada, the United Kingdom, United States and other jurisdictions during the ordinary course of business. While we believe the positions that we take on our tax filings are sustainable and supported by the weight of law, certain positions taken may be challenged by the applicable tax authorities. We may be required in some instances to pay additional taxes to a tax authority prior to contesting a matter through available administrative or judicial remedies. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits to determine the adequacy of our tax provision. However, our judgments may not be sustained, and the amounts ultimately paid could be different from the amounts previously recorded. If any such challenge results in an adverse outcome, including unforeseen

tax-related

liabilities, this could

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negatively affect our financial results and operations for the period at issue and on an ongoing basis. Many governments in jurisdictions where we operate are facing budget deficits and challenges and as a result, may look to increase their tax revenues through increased audit activity and tax reform.

Various

tax-related

legislative initiatives have been proposed or are being discussed that if enacted, could adversely affect our tax positions and/or our tax liabilities. The Organization for Economic

Co-operation

and Development (OECD), which is comprised of member countries that encompass many of the jurisdictions where we operate, has been working on a coordinated, multi-jurisdictional approach to address issues in existing tax systems associated with “base erosion and profit shifting” (BEPS) and the digitalization of the economy that the OECD believes may lead to tax avoidance by global companies. The adoption of the OECD’s proposals to address BEPS and the tax challenges of the digitalization of the economy, notably a new global minimum tax regime, will increase tax uncertainty and will adversely affect our financial results. A number of jurisdictions, including Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Switzerland, have adopted or are expected to adopt this new global minimum tax regime beginning in 2024.

Various countries have enacted or are considering digital service taxes, which could result in multinational companies such as Thomson Reuters being subject to tax in additional jurisdictions or subject to increased taxes in jurisdictions in which they already have a taxable presence.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), which was enacted into law in 2017, changed U.S. tax law and requires complex computations and significant judgments and estimates. The U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and other standard-setting bodies may issue further regulations or guidance on how the provisions of the Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered that is different from our interpretations. Certain aspects of the Tax Act could be repealed or modified in future legislation. The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act, which was enacted in 2022, adopted a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) of 15% on adjusted book income, beginning in 2023. Due to potential volatility in differences between U.S. book and taxable income, the impact of CAMT is difficult to predict and may adversely affect our financial results.

We operate in a litigious environment which may adversely affect our financial results.

We may become involved in legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including employment matters, commercial matters, privacy and data protection matters, defamation matters, unfair business practices matters and intellectual property infringement matters. The outcome of all of the matters against our company is subject to future resolution, including uncertainties of litigation. Litigation outcomes are difficult to predict with certainty due to various factors, including but not limited to: the preliminary nature of some claims; uncertain damage theories and demands; an incomplete factual record; uncertainty concerning legal theories and procedures and their resolution by the courts, at both trial and appellate levels; and the unpredictable nature of opposing parties.

Regardless of the merit of legal actions and claims, such matters can be expensive, time consuming, or harmful to our reputation and in recognition of these considerations, we may engage in arrangements to settle litigation. While we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal proceeding could result in changes to our products and business practices and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

We are significantly dependent on technology and the rights related to it. From time to time, we have been sued by other companies for allegedly violating their patents. Our company and other companies have experienced alleged claims from third parties whose sole or primary business is to monetize patents. If an infringement suit against our company is successful, we may be required to compensate the third-party bringing the suit either by paying a lump sum or ongoing license fees to be able to continue selling a particular product or service. This type of compensation could be significant, in addition to legal fees and other costs that we would incur defending such a claim.

We might also be prevented or enjoined by a court from continuing to provide the affected product or service. We may also be required to defend or indemnify any customers who have been sued for allegedly infringing a third-party’s patent in connection with using one of our products or services. Responding to intellectual property claims, regardless of the validity, can be costly and time consuming.

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Antitrust/competition-related claims or investigations could result in changes to how we do business and could be costly.

We are subject to applicable antitrust and competition laws and regulations in the countries where we have operations. These laws and regulations seek to prevent and prohibit anti-competitive activity. From time to time, we may be subject to antitrust/competition-related claims and investigations. Following such a claim or investigation, we may be required to change the way that we offer a particular product or service and if we are found to have violated antitrust or competition laws or regulations, we may be subject to fines or penalties. Any antitrust or competition-related claim or investigation could be costly for our company in terms of time and expense and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Financial Risks

We generate a significant percentage of our revenues from recurring, subscription-based arrangements, and our ability to maintain existing revenues and generate higher revenues is dependent in part on maintaining a high renewal rate.

In 2023, 80% of our revenues were derived from subscriptions or similar contractual arrangements, which result in recurring revenues. Our revenues are supported by a relatively fixed cost base that is generally not impacted by fluctuations in revenues. Because a high proportion of our revenues are recurring, we believe that our revenue patterns are generally more stable compared to other business models that primarily involve the sale of products in discrete

or one-off arrangements.

However, there is often a lag in realizing the impact of current sales or cancellations in our reported revenues, as we recognize revenues over the term of the arrangement. Because of this lag effect, our revenues are typically slower to decline when economic conditions deteriorate but are also often slower to return to growth when economic activity improves, as compared to other businesses that are not subscription-based. Our transactions revenues (11% of our 2023 revenues), which include volume-based fees related to online searches, fees from software licenses, professional fees from service and consulting arrangements and advertising and sponsorship revenues in our Reuters Professional business fluctuate based on the condition of the economic environment.

Our subscription and similar contractual arrangements typically have terms ranging from one to five years, which most customers renew at the end of each term. Renewal dates are spread over the course of the year. Many of our customer agreements have automatic renewal provisions, but customers are often able to terminate these types of agreements prior to automatic renewal of a new term by providing appropriate notice to us within a specified time period. In order to maintain existing revenues and to generate higher revenues, we are dependent on a significant number of our customers to renew their arrangements with us. Our revenues could also be lower if a significant number of our customers renewed their arrangements with us, but reduced the amount of their spending.

Currency and interest rate fluctuations and volatility in global markets may have a significant impact on our reported revenues and earnings.

Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars and are, therefore, subject to movements in exchange rates on the translation of the financial information of businesses whose functional currencies are not U.S. dollars. We recognize revenues and incur expenses in many currencies and are thereby exposed to the impact of fluctuations in various foreign currency exchange rates. We monitor the financial stability of the foreign countries in which we operate. Volatility and uncertainty in global markets in the future could adversely affect our results.

Exchange rate movements in our foreign currency exposures may cause fluctuations in our consolidated financial statements. If our operations outside of the U.S. expand, we would expect this exposure to grow. We monitor foreign currency exposures on a regular basis and some of our largest foreign currency exposures are currently to the British pound sterling, the Euro, the Canadian dollar, the Brazilian real, the Argentine peso, Mexican peso and the Indian rupee. We have historically, and may in the future, hedge some of our foreign currency exposure if we believe that it may be material to our financial results.

The value of our LSEG shares, which are publicly traded, is subject to share price fluctuation and general volatility in the global markets. A significant decline in the LSEG share price and/or significant deterioration in the British pound sterling to U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate would decrease the value of our investment. We have entered into derivative financial instruments to mitigate U.S. dollar/British pound sterling foreign exchange risk related to our investment in LSEG shares. While these derivative financial instruments assist with mitigating these foreign exchange risks, they do not eliminate them entirely. We assess these

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contracts at fair value each reporting period to record the gains and losses arising from foreign currency fluctuations. As discussed later in this annual report, subject to certain exceptions, our LSEG shares continue to remain subject to certain

lock-up

provisions.

We may issue

non-U.S.

dollar-denominated debt in the future and would expect to hedge any such debt into U.S. dollars, as has been our practice. In addition, an increase in interest rates from current levels could adversely affect our results in future periods.

Our credit ratings may be downgraded, which may impede our access to the debt markets or raise our borrowing rates.

Our access to financing depends on, among other things, suitable market conditions and the maintenance of suitable long-term credit ratings. Our credit ratings may be adversely affected by various factors, including increased debt levels, decreased earnings, declines in customer demands, increased competition, a further deterioration in general economic and business conditions and adverse publicity. Any downgrades in our credit ratings may impede our access to the debt markets or raise our borrowing rates. For additional information on our current credit ratings, please see the “Additional Information – Ratings of Debt Securities” section of this annual report.

We have significant funding obligations for pension arrangements that are affected by factors outside of our control.

We have significant funding obligations for various pension arrangements that are affected by factors outside of our control, including market factors and changes in legislation. In the past, we have contributed to our pension plans to

pre-fund

certain obligations. We may be required or we may opt to make additional contributions to some pension plans in the future and the amounts of any such contributions may be material.

Valuations of obligations for material plans are determined by independent actuaries and require assumptions in respect of expected mortality, inflation, and medical cost trends, along with the discount rates used to measure obligations. These assumptions are reviewed annually. While we believe that these assumptions are appropriate given current economic conditions, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in assumptions may materially affect our valuations of pension obligations and related future expenses. In addition, the performance of equity and fixed income markets, which may be influenced by general economic conditions, including interest rates, inflation and currency exchange rates, may impact the funding level of our funded plans and required contributions.

We may be required to take future impairment charges that would reduce our reported assets and earnings.

Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets comprise a substantial portion of our total assets. We are required under IFRS to test our goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment on an annual basis. We also are required by IFRS to perform an interim or periodic review of our goodwill and all identifiable intangible assets if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing requires our company to make significant estimates about our future performance and cash flows, as well as other assumptions. Economic, legal, regulatory, competitive, contractual and other factors as well as changes in our company’s share price and market capitalization may affect these assumptions. If our testing indicates that impairment has occurred relative to current fair values, we may be required to record an impairment charge in the period the determination is made. Recognition of an impairment would reduce our reported assets and earnings.

Corporate Structure Risks

Woodbridge controls our company and is in a position to affect our governance and operations.

Woodbridge beneficially owned approximately 69% of our common shares as of March 4, 2024. For so long as Woodbridge maintains its controlling interest in our company, it will generally be able to approve matters submitted to a majority vote of our shareholders without the consent of other shareholders, including, among other things, the election of our Board. In addition, Woodbridge may be able to exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs, the selection of our senior management, the acquisition or disposition of our assets, our access to capital markets, the payment of dividends and any change of control of our company, such as a merger or take-over. The effect of this control may be to limit the price that investors are willing to pay for our shares. In addition, a sale of shares by Woodbridge or the perception of the market that a sale may occur may adversely affect the market price of our shares. For additional information, please see the “Executive Officers and Directors – Woodbridge” section of this annual report.

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Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company holds a Thomson Reuters Founders Share in our company and may be in a position to affect our governance and management.

Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company was established to safeguard the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles, including that of integrity, independence and freedom from bias in the gathering and dissemination of information and news. The Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company holds a Thomson Reuters Founders Share in our company. The interest of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company in safeguarding the Trust Principles may conflict with our other business objectives, impose additional costs or burdens on us or otherwise affect our management and governance. In addition, the Founders Share enables the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to exercise extraordinary voting power to safeguard the Trust Principles and to thwart those whose holdings of voting shares of Thomson Reuters threaten the Trust Principles. As a result, the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company may prevent a change of control (including by way of a take-over bid or similar transaction) of our company in the future. We have agreed not to effect a sale (or similar transactions) of Reuters News to an unrelated third-party or to effect or permit material acquisitions by, or material dispositions from, Reuters News unless we have received Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company’s prior written consent. The effect of the rights of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company may be to limit the price that investors are willing to pay for our shares. For additional information, please see the “Additional Information – Material Contracts” section of this annual report.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

This management’s discussion and analysis is designed to provide you with a narrative explanation through the eyes of our management of how we performed in the last two years, as well as information about our financial condition and future prospects. As this management’s discussion and analysis is intended to supplement and complement our financial statements, we recommend that you read this in conjunction with our 2023 and 2022 annual consolidated financial statements. This management’s discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, our 2024 outlook, our financial framework for 2025 and 2026, and our expectations related to general economic conditions and market trends and their anticipated effects on our business segments. For additional information related to forward-looking statements, material assumptions and material risks associated with them, please see the “Outlook” and “Additional Information—Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results” sections of this management’s discussion and analysis. This management’s discussion and analysis is dated as of March 6, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.


We have organized our management’s discussion and analysis in the following key sections:

Executive Summary – an overview of our business and key financial highlights			37

Results of Operations – a comparison of our current and prior-year results			42

Investment in LSEG – a discussion of our current ownership interest in LSEG			55

Liquidity and Capital Resources – a discussion of our cash flow and debt			55

Outlook – trends, priorities and our financial outlook, including material assumptions and material risks			64

Related Party Transactions – a discussion of transactions with our principal and controlling shareholder, The Woodbridge Company Limited and other related parties			68

Subsequent Events – a discussion of material events occurring after December 31, 2023 and through the date of this management’s discussion and analysis			69

Changes in Accounting Policies – a discussion of changes in our accounting policies			70

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments – a discussion of critical estimates and judgments made by our management in applying accounting policies			70

Additional Information – other required disclosures			71

Appendix – supplemental information			73

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this discussion to “we,” “our,” “us”, the “Company” and “Thomson Reuters” are to Thomson Reuters Corporation and our subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Other than EPS, we report our results in millions of U.S. dollars, but we compute percentage changes and margins using whole dollars to be more precise. As a result, percentages and margins calculated from reported amounts may differ from those presented, and growth components may not total due to rounding.

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Use of

Non-IFRS

Financial Measures

In this management’s discussion and analysis, we discuss our results on an IFRS and

non-IFRS

basis. We use

non-IFRS

financial measures, which include ratios that incorporate one or more

non-IFRS

financial measures provide more insight into our performance.

Non-IFRS

measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies, and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial performance calculated in accordance with IFRS.

As of September 30, 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. While we have always excluded amortization from acquired identifiable intangible assets other than computer software from our definition of adjusted earnings, this change aligns our treatment of amortization for all acquired intangible assets. Prior period amounts were revised for comparability.

See Appendix A of this management’s discussion and analysis for a description of our

non-IFRS

financial measures, including an explanation of why we believe they are useful measures of our performance. Refer to Appendices B and C for reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures.

Executive Summary

Our Company

Thomson Reuters (NYSE / TSX: TRI) informs the way forward by bringing together the trusted content and technology that people and organizations need to make the right decisions. We serve professionals across legal, tax, accounting, compliance, government, and media. Our products combine highly specialized software and insights to empower professionals with the data, intelligence, and solutions needed to make informed decisions, and to help institutions in their pursuit of justice, truth and transparency. Reuters, part of Thomson Reuters, is a world leading provider of trusted journalism and news. For more information, visit tr.com.

We are organized as five reportable segments reflecting how we manage our businesses.


		Legal Professionals Serves law firms and governments with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive legal research powered by emerging technologies, including generative AI, and integrated legal workflow solutions that combine content, tools and analytics.		2023 Revenues
		Corporates Serves corporate customers from small businesses to multinational organizations, including the seven largest global accounting firms, with our full suite of content-driven technologies, including generative AI, providing integrated workflow solutions designed to help our customers digitally transform and achieve their business outcomes.
		Tax & Accounting Professionals Serves tax, accounting and audit professionals in accounting firms (other than the seven largest, which are served by our Corporates segment) with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive tax offerings and automating tax workflows.
		Reuters News Supplies business, financial and global news to the world’s media organizations, professionals and news consumers through Reuters News Agency, Reuters.com, Reuters Events, Thomson Reuters products and to financial market professionals exclusively via LSEG products.
		Global Print Provides legal and tax information primarily in print format to customers around the world.

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We refer to our Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments, on a combined basis, as our “Big 3” segments.

Our businesses are supported by a corporate center that manages our commercial and technology operations, including those around our sales capabilities, digital customer experience, and product and content development, as well as our global facilities. Costs relating to these activities are allocated to our business segments. We also report “Corporate costs”, which includes expenses for centrally managed functions such as finance, legal and human resources. In 2022, Corporate costs also included expenses related to the Change Program, which transitioned our company from a holding company to an operating company and from a content provider to a content-driven technology company.

Our Business Model and Key Operating Characteristics

Some of our key business and operating characteristics are:


Attractive Industry · Currently our “Big 3” segments operate in an estimated $26 billion market expected to grow between 7% and 10% over the next 5 years · Legal, Tax & Risk markets are prime for content-driven innovation		Balanced and Diversified Leadership · A leader in key Legal Professionals, Corporates, Tax & Accounting Professionals and News segments · Resilient businesses, historically stable, through periods of macroeconomic uncertainty · Approximately 500,000 customers; largest customer is approximately 5% of revenues*		Attractive Business Model · 80% of revenues are recurring · Fixed cost model supports long-term operating leverage · Strong and consistent cash generation capabilities		Strong Competitive Positioning · Proprietary content plus data and human expertise combined with AI and ML are key differentiators · Products deeply embedded in customers’ daily workflows · 91% retention rate		Disciplined Financial Policies · Focused and incentivized on organic revenue growth and free cash flow growth · Balance investing in business and returning capital to shareholders · Committed to maintaining investment grade rating with stable capital structure · Significant potential capital capacity affords optionality

*	The news agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG.

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		Revenues by type Recurring revenues primarily consist of fees to access products or services over time, such as Westlaw, Practical Law and many of our tax compliance products. Our products are generally provided under subscription arrangements that have terms ranging from one to five years, which most customers renew at the end of each term. Because most of our revenues are recurring, we believe that our revenue patterns are generally more stable compared to other businesses that primarily sell products in discrete or one-off arrangements. However, as we generally recognize recurring revenues ratably over the contract term, there is a lag in realizing the impact of current sales or cancellations in our reported revenues. As a result, our revenues are typically slower to decline when economic conditions worsen, but slower to return to growth when economic activity improves, compared to other businesses that are not subscription-based. Transactions revenues include volume-based fees, such as certain fees related to online searches and tax filings, as well as transactions in our Confirmation, Reuters Events and SurePrep businesses. We also charge fees for software licenses and professional fees for service and consulting arrangements. Transactions revenues are recognized primarily at a point in time and, based on their type, can fluctuate significantly from period to period. Global Print revenues largely consist of fees for content that is delivered primarily in traditional paper format. We also earn fees from printing materials for third-party publishers. While revenues from our print business are meaningful, we expect them to continue to decline each year, as customers continue to migrate to online products. Print revenues are recognized at the point of shipment or, if sold under a subscription arrangement, ratably over the contract term.
		Revenues by geography In 2023, we earned 74% of our revenues in the U.S. We also operate regional teams outside of the U.S., including in emerging markets, where we serve regional customers by either modifying existing products and services for their needs or developing specific products for the local market. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates relative to our business outside the U.S. may cause variation in our revenue performance from period to period. In 2023, however, changes in foreign exchange rates had no net impact on our revenue growth over the prior year.
		Expenses Most of our operating expenses are fixed. As a result, when our revenues increase, we become more profitable and our adjusted EBITDA margin increases. Likewise, when our revenues decline, we become less profitable and our adjusted EBITDA margin decreases. However, the full impact of incremental revenues is not always reflected in our profitability as we reinvest in our business. In 2023, staff costs, which are largely comprised of salaries, performance bonuses, commissions, benefits and share-based compensation, comprised 60% of our total expenses. Approximately 66% of our 2023 operating expenses were denominated in U.S. dollars with the balance denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In 2023, changes in foreign exchange rates decreased our expenses by 1% compared to the prior year. In 2022, we incurred $171 million of expenses associated with our Change Program to transition our company from a holding company to an operating company and from a content provider to a content-driven technology company.

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2023 Financial Highlights and Key Accomplishments

In 2023, we made significant progress delivering generative

AI-powered

solutions, including the launch of

AI-Assisted

Research on Westlaw Precision and CoCounsel Core AI Assistant for lawyers, as well as expanded features and design enhancements across our product portfolio. We invested $1.2 billion in four acquisitions, and in January 2024, we acquired a majority interest in Pagero, an

e-invoicing

leader. These content-enabled technology acquisitions use automation, AI and ML to improve the workflows of our customers, and they improve the quality and growth prospects of our portfolio.

Relative to our financial results, we met or exceeded the targets for all our financial metrics, including organic revenue growth, adjusted EBITDA margin and free cash flow, as set out in our 2023 outlook, which was last updated in November 2023. Total company revenues increased 3% despite the loss of revenues from divested businesses. Organic revenues increased 6% driven by 6% growth in recurring revenues. Organic revenues for our “Big 3” segments increased 7%. Our adjusted EBITDA margin rose 420bp to 39.3% driven by higher revenues and lower costs, the latter of which reflected Change Program investments made in the prior year. We generated net cash from our operating activities and free cash flow of $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.

Our capital capacity and liquidity remain a key asset. In 2023, we received gross proceeds of $5.4 billion from the sale of approximately 56 million LSEG shares, and returned $3.1 billion to shareholders through our return of capital transaction and share repurchases. On February 8, 2024, we announced a 10% or $0.20 per share annualized increase in our dividend to $2.16 per common share. This represents our 31st consecutive annual dividend increase, and the third consecutive year we increased our annual dividend by 10%.

2023 Actual Performance vs. 2023 Updated Outlook

The table below compares our actual performance (before currency) to our updated 2023 outlook, which we confirmed in November 2023. In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. As part of this transition, we included details about the components of amortization expense in our updated outlook.

All key metrics met or exceeded our updated 2023 outlook. Our updated full-year 2023 outlook included

non-IFRS

financial measures, assumed constant currency rates relative to 2022, and included the impact of closed acquisitions and dispositions.



Total Thomson Reuters	2023 Updated Outlook	2023 Actual Performance (Before currency) (1)
Revenue growth	3.0% - 3.5%	3.0%
Organic revenue growth (2)	5.5% - 6.0%	5.9%
Adjusted EBITDA margin (2)	Approximately 39%	39.1%
Corporate costs	$110 - $120 million	$114 million
Free cash flow (2)	Approximately $1.8 billion	$1.9 billion
Accrued capital expenditures as a percentage of revenues (2)	Approximately 8.0%	7.8%
Depreciation and amortization of computer software	$625 - $635 million	$629 million
Depreciation and amortization of internally developed software	$555 - $560 million	$557 million
Amortization of acquired software (3)	$70 - $75 million	$72 million
Interest expense (4)	$170 - $180 million	$164 million
Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings (2)(5)	Approximately 17%	16.5%



“Big 3” Segments (2)	2023 Updated Outlook	2023 Actual Performance (Before currency) (1)
Revenue growth	3.5% - 4.0%	3.5%
Organic revenue growth	6.5% - 7.0%	7.2%
Adjusted EBITDA margin	Approximately 44%	43.6%

(1) Our 2023 performance (before currency) was measured in constant currency rates relative to 2022, except for free cash flow which was reflected at actual rates.

(2)

Non-IFRS

financial measures. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, we amended the definition of adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

(4) Excludes a $12 million interest benefit associated with the release of tax reserves that is removed from adjusted earnings.

(5) Refer to the “Tax Expense” section within the “Results of Operations” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

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2024 Outlook and 2025-2026 Financial Framework

On February 8, 2024, we announced our 2024 outlook, which anticipates total revenue and organic revenue growth of approximately 6.5% and 6.0%, respectively, and adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 38%. We also announced our 2025 — 2026 financial framework, which anticipates 6.5% — 8% organic revenue growth and rising adjusted EBITDA margins. Refer to the “Outlook” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions.

In 2023 and 2022, we spent $1.4 billion on acquisitions in aggregate which included:

Casetext, Inc., a business that uses AI and ML to enable legal professionals to work more efficiently,

SurePrep LLC, a provider of tax automation software and services,

Imagen Ltd, a media asset management company now part of our Reuters News segment, and

ThoughtTrace, a business that uses AI and ML to read, organize and manage document workflows.

More recently, in January 2024, we announced a public tender offer to acquire 100% of the shares of Pagero Group AB (publ), a publicly traded Swedish company and a global leader in

e-invoicing

and indirect tax solutions. As of March 4, 2024, we have acquired a 99.46% interest in Pagero. In addition, in January 2024, we acquired World Business Media Limited, a cross-platform and subscription-based provider of editorial coverage for the global P&C and specialty (re)insurance industry.

See the “Subsequent Events” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

These acquisitions support our strategy of pursuing both organic and inorganic growth opportunities as we promote seamless, cloud-based workflows for professionals through innovative digital solutions and open, smart and connected platforms.

Since the inception of our TR Ventures Fund, we have invested $39 million to support companies that are building innovations to allow professionals to operate more productively and with greater insights. We plan to invest up to $100 million in our TR Ventures Fund.

We expect that acquisitions will continue to play an important role in our strategy, and we may make tactical acquisitions from time to time that we believe will strengthen our positions in key growth segments. Generally, the businesses we acquire initially have lower margins than our existing businesses, largely reflecting the costs of integration.

Dispositions.

To ensure we are investing in parts of our business that offer the greatest opportunities to achieve growth and returns, we may sell businesses or investments from time to time. In 2023, we sold a majority interest in our Elite business, a provider of financial and practice management solutions to law firms, to TPG, a global alternative asset management firm. We retained a 19.9% minority interest in the business. In 2022, we sold several

non-core

businesses.

Throughout 2023, we and Blackstone’s consortium agreed to sell shares in LSEG that we

co-own.

Relative to our share of the LSEG transactions, we sold 56.0 million LSEG shares for $5.4 billion in gross proceeds. See the “Investment in LSEG” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for further information regarding these transactions.

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Results of Operations

The section below contains

non-IFRS

measures where indicated. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Consolidated Results



	Year ended December 31,

						Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts and margins)	2023		2022			Total		Constant Currency

IFRS Financial Measures
Revenues		6,794		6,627			3%
Operating profit		2,332		1,834			27%
Diluted EPS		$5.80		$2.75			111%
Non-IFRS Financial Measures
Revenues		6,794		6,627			3%		3%
Organic revenue growth									6%
Adjusted EBITDA		2,678		2,329			15%		14%
Adjusted EBITDA margin		39.3%		35.1%			420bp		380bp
Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures		2,146		1,784			20%
Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures margin		31.5%		26.9%			460bp
Adjusted EPS		$3.51		$2.62	(1)		34%		32%
“Big 3” Segments
Revenues		5,485		5,325			3%		4%
Organic revenue growth									7%
Adjusted EBITDA		2,408		2,256			7%		6%
Adjusted EBITDA margin		43.8%		42.4%			140bp		110bp

(1) In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. We revised the comparative 2022 period to reflect the current period presentation. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Revenues



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Recurring revenues		5,458		5,324		3%		3%		6%
Transactions revenues		774		711		9%		9%		10%
Global Print revenues		562		592		(5%)		(4%)		(3%)
Revenues		6,794		6,627		3%		3%		6%

Revenues increased 3% in total and in constant currency as growth in recurring and transactions revenues, as well as contributions from acquisitions (primarily SurePrep in January 2023), was partly offset by the loss of revenues from businesses we divested. On an organic basis, total revenues increased 6%, driven by 6% growth in recurring revenues (80% of total revenues) and 10% growth in transactions revenues. Global Print revenues declined 3% on an organic basis.

Revenues from the “Big 3” segments (81% of total revenues) increased 3% in total and 4% in constant currency. On an organic basis, revenues increased 7%, driven by 7% growth in recurring revenues and 10% growth in transactions revenues.

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Foreign currency had no net impact on consolidated revenue growth and a negative impact of approximately 1% on the revenue growth of our “Big 3” segments, as the significant devaluation of the Argentine Peso in December 2023 was mitigated by the strengthening of Brazilian real against the US dollar, compared to the prior-year period.

Operating profit, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures

Operating profit increased 27% due to higher revenues and lower costs, as well as higher gains from the sale of

non-core

businesses, including the sale of a majority stake in the company’s Elite business.

Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the gains on sale of Elite and other businesses, as well as other adjustments, increased 15% due to higher revenues and lower costs. The related margin increased to 39.3% from 35.1% in the prior year. Lower costs reflected Change Program investments made in the prior year, which benefited the year-over-year change in adjusted EBITDA margin by 260bp. Foreign currency contributed 40bp to the year-over-year change in adjusted EBITDA margin.

Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures and the related margin increased due to higher adjusted EBITDA and slightly lower accrued capital expenditures. The prior year included investments in the Change Program.

Operating expenses



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency
Operating expenses		4,134		4,280		(3%)		(3%)
Remove fair value adjustments (1)		(2)		19
Operating expenses excluding fair value adjustments		4,132		4,299		(4%)		(3%)

(1) Fair value adjustments primarily represent gains or losses on intercompany balances that arise in the ordinary course of business due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Operating expenses, excluding fair value adjustments, decreased in total and in constant currency. The decrease was due to cost savings from the completion of our Change Program in 2022 and lower costs related to divested businesses, which more than offset higher costs from acquisitions, as well as higher product, sales, and marketing expenses.

Operating expenses in 2022 include $171 million associated with our

two-year

Change Program, which we completed in December 2022. Our Change Program enabled our transition from a holding company into an operating company, and from a content provider into a content-driven technology company. We made it easier for our customers to do business with us, modernized and simplified our product portfolio and product development groups, reduced complexity across the organization, and reduced our global footprint of office locations and call centers. Our company achieved $540 million of annualized

run-rate

operating expense savings from this program.

Depreciation and amortization



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Change

Depreciation		116		140		(17%)
Amortization of computer software
Internally developed		440		446		(1%)
Acquisition related		72		39		84%
Total amortization of computer software		512		485		6%
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		97		99		(2%)

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Depreciation decreased due to the completion of depreciation of assets acquired in previous years.

Total amortization of computer software increased due to acquisitions.

Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets decreased as the completion of amortization of assets acquired in previous years more than offset expenses associated with recent acquisitions.

Other operating gains, net



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Other operating gains, net		397		211

In 2023, other operating gains, net, included a $342 million gain on the sale of a majority interest in our Elite business, $42 million of gains on the sale of two wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries to a company affiliated with Woodbridge (see the “Related Party Transactions” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information), and a gain on the sale of real estate. In 2022, other operating gains, net, included gains on the sale of certain

non-core

businesses.

Net interest expense



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Change
Net interest expense		152		196		(22%)

Net interest expense decreased due to interest income on the proceeds from the sale of our LSEG shares and a $12 million interest benefit associated with the release of tax reserves, which more than offset higher interest costs on commercial paper borrowings and net pension obligations. As substantially all our long-term debt obligations paid interest at fixed rates (after swaps), the net interest expense on our term debt was essentially unchanged compared to the prior year.

Other finance (costs) income

In 2023, other finance costs included $132 million of losses from foreign exchange contracts that are intended to reduce foreign currency risk on a portion of our indirect investment in LSEG, which is denominated in British pounds sterling, as well as net foreign exchange losses on intercompany funding arrangements. In 2022, other finance income included gains of $328 million from foreign exchange contracts, as well as net foreign exchange gains on intercompany funding arrangements. Refer to the “Risk Management” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for a discussion on how we manage and mitigate our foreign currency risks.

Share of

post-tax

earnings (losses) in equity method investments



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
YPL		1,099		(416)
Other equity method investments		(24)		(16)
Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		1,075		(432)

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Our investment in LSEG is subject to equity accounting because the LSEG shares are held through YPL, over which we have significant influence. As YPL owns only the financial investment in LSEG shares, which the parties intend to sell over time, and is not involved in operating LSEG, the investment in LSEG shares held by YPL is accounted for at fair value, based on the share price of LSEG. As the investment in LSEG is denominated in British pounds sterling, the Company has entered into a series of foreign exchange contracts to mitigate currency risk on its investment. See the “Investment in LSEG” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information on the sales of LSEG shares in 2023.

Our share of

post-tax

earnings (losses) in our YPL investment was comprised of the following items:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Increase in LSEG share price		785		207
Foreign exchange gains (losses) on LSEG shares		251		(787)
Dividend income		58		87
(Loss) gain from forward contract		(77)		77
Loss from call options		(15)		-
Historical excluded equity adjustment (1)		97		-
YPL - Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		1,099		(416)

(1) Represents income from the recognition of a portion of the cumulative impact of equity transactions that were excluded from the Company’s investment in YPL.

Tax expense



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Tax expense		417		259

Our effective income tax rate on earnings from continuing operations was 13.6% compared to 15.7% in 2022. Tax expense in each year included significant impacts related to our indirect investment in LSEG. In 2023, tax expense included $253 million of tax expense (2022 - $124 million of tax benefits) related to our earnings or losses in equity method investments and $31 million of tax benefits (2022 - $80 million of tax expense) related to other finance costs or income. Tax expense in 2023 also included benefits of $100 million from the remeasurement of deferred tax balances due to changes in applicable statutory tax rates (primarily outside of the U.S.), $82 million from the release of tax reserves due to the settlement of a tax audit and the lapse in statutes of limitation, as well as $77 million of expense related to the sale of a majority stake in Elite. Tax expense in 2022 also included a charge of $64 million to reflect our intention to settle a tax dispute with a tax loss carryforward that had been previously recognized as a deferred tax asset on our balance sheet. The settlement was executed in 2023 per our intention.

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The comparability of our tax expense was further impacted by various transactions and accounting adjustments during each year. In each year, the tax expense reflected the mix of taxing jurisdictions in which

pre-tax

profits and losses were recognized. The following table sets forth certain components within income tax expense that impacted comparability from year to year, including tax expense (benefit) associated with items that are removed from adjusted earnings:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022 (1)
Tax expense (benefit)
Tax items impacting comparability:
Discrete changes to uncertain tax positions (2)		(61)		-
Corporate tax laws and rates (3)		(100)		(13)
Deferred tax adjustments (4)		(11)		28
Subtotal		(172)		15
Tax related to:
Amortization of acquired computer software (1)		(17)		(8)
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		(22)		(22)
Other operating gains, net		81		42
Other finance income		(31)		80
Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		253		(124)
Other items		1		2
Subtotal		265		(30)
Total		93		(15)

(1) Revised to reflect the current presentation. Refer to Appendix A of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

(2) Relates to the release of tax reserves that are no longer required due to the expiration of statutes of limitation.

(3) In 2023, consists of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in the applicable statutory tax rate in a jurisdiction outside of the U.S. and adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in effective state tax rates. In 2022, the amount consists primarily of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in effective state tax rates.

(4) In 2023, the amount consists primarily of an adjustment to a deferred tax asset for a tax basis

step-up

attributable to a

non-U.S.

subsidiary. In 2022, the amount includes a charge for the use of a deferred tax asset in connection with a tax dispute, recognition of deferred tax assets for a tax basis

step-up

attributable to a

non-U.S.

subsidiary, and adjustments related to acquisitions and divestitures.

Because the items described above impact the comparability of our tax expense for each year, we remove them from our calculation of adjusted earnings, along with the

pre-tax

items to which they relate. The computation of our adjusted tax expense is set forth below:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Tax expense		417		259
Remove: Items from above impacting comparability		(93)		15
Total tax expense on adjusted earnings		324		274

Our 2023 effective tax rate on adjusted earnings was 16.5% (2022 – 17.7%). On an adjusted earnings basis, our effective income tax rates in both years were lower than the Canadian corporate income tax rate of 26.5%. The difference is primarily attributable to lower tax rates and differing tax rules applicable to certain of our operating and financing subsidiaries outside of Canada. As a global company, our income taxes depend on the laws of numerous countries and the provisions of multiple income tax conventions between various countries in which we operate.

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Because of the requirements of income tax accounting under IFRS, income tax expense can differ significantly from taxes paid in any reporting period. We paid income taxes from net earnings on our worldwide business as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

Income taxes paid (millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Operating activities – continuing operations		163		193
Investing activities – continuing operations		705		7
Investing activities – discontinued operations		1		16
Total income taxes paid		869		216

Our effective tax rate and our cash tax cost in the future will depend on the laws of numerous countries and the provisions of multiple income tax conventions between various countries in which we operate. Our effective tax rate will be dependent upon tax laws and conventions remaining unchanged or favorable to our company, as well as the geographic mix of our profits. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Contingencies” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for further discussion of income tax liabilities.

In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published rules that are designed to ensure that large multinational enterprises within the scope of the rules pay a minimum level of tax in each jurisdiction where they operate. In general, the rules (hereinafter referred to as the “Pillar Two model rules” or “the rules”) apply a system of

top-up

taxes to bring the enterprise’s effective tax rate in each jurisdiction to a minimum of 15%. We have applied a temporary, mandatory relief from accounting and disclosure of the deferred tax impacts of the Pillar Two model rules (see the “Changes in Accounting Policies” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information). We have not incurred any current tax expense related to the rules.

The enactment and implementation of the Pillar Two model rules requires each participating jurisdiction to pass laws pursuant to its legislative process. Based on the OECD’s guidance, a number of jurisdictions have enacted such legislation and we expect that others will follow in 2024. In general, we expect most legislation to be effective as of January 1, 2024, regardless of the enactment dates. We expect most of our

top-up

tax to arise on earnings generated in Switzerland, where its effective tax rate was approximately 11.5% in 2023. If the Pillar Two model rules had been in effect for 2023, our consolidated effective tax rate would have increased by approximately 200 basis points.

We also expect new tax legislation to be enacted in Canada in 2024 that will reduce our ability to deduct interest expense against our Canadian income. As a result, we expect to increase our taxable profits in Canada against which we will apply tax loss carryforwards. When the legislation is enacted, we expect to recognize previously unrecognized tax loss carryforwards in our consolidated income statement and record corresponding deferred tax assets, the amount of which could be significant.

Results of Discontinued Operations

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, included the following:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax		49		(53)

In both years, earnings or losses from discontinued operations, net of tax, were primarily comprised of earnings or losses arising on a receivable balance from LSEG relating to a tax indemnity. The earnings or losses were due to changes in foreign exchange and interest rates.

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Net earnings and diluted EPS



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency
IFRS Financial Measures
Net earnings		2,695		1,338		101%
Diluted EPS		$5.80		$2.75		111%
Non- IFRS Financial Measures (1)
Adjusted earnings		1,629		1,270		28%
Adjusted EPS		$3.51		$2.62		34%		32%

(1) In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. We revised the comparative 2022 period to reflect the current presentation. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Net earnings and diluted EPS increased compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher operating profit and an increase in the value of our investment in LSEG, net of changes in the value of related foreign exchange contracts.

Adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS, which excludes the changes in value of our LSEG investment, as well as other adjustments, increased primarily due to higher adjusted EBITDA.

Both diluted and adjusted EPS also benefited from a reduction in weighted-average common shares outstanding due to share repurchases and our June 2023 return of capital transaction.

Segment Results

The following is a discussion of our five reportable segments and our Corporate costs. We assess revenue growth for each segment, as well as the businesses within each segment, in constant currency and on an organic basis. See Appendix A of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Legal Professionals



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Recurring revenues		2,674		2,631		2%		2%		6%
Transactions revenues		133		172		(23%)		(23%)		7%
Revenues		2,807		2,803		-		-		6%
Segment adjusted EBITDA		1,299		1,227		6%		5%
Segment adjusted EBITDA margin		46.2%		43.8%		240bp		190bp

Revenues increased slightly in total and in constant currency, but were negatively impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses.

On an organic basis, revenues grew 6% due to growth in both recurring (95% of the Legal Professionals segment) and transactions (5% of the Legal Professionals segment) revenues. Recurring revenue growth was driven by Westlaw, Practical Law, HighQ, Casetext and the segment’s international businesses. The increase in transactions revenues was driven by the Government business.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin increased primarily due to lower expenses. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 50bp.

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Corporates



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Recurring revenues		1,373		1,305		5%		5%		8%
Transactions revenues		247		231		7%		7%		5%
Revenues		1,620		1,536		5%		5%		7%
Segment adjusted EBITDA		619		578		7%		7%
Segment adjusted EBITDA margin		38.1%		37.6%		50bp		50bp

Revenues increased in total and constant currency, but were negatively impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses.

On an organic basis, revenues grew 7% due to growth in both recurring (85% of the Corporates segment) and transactions revenues (15% of the Corporates segment). Recurring revenue growth was driven by Practical Law, Indirect Tax, HighQ, CLEAR, and the segment’s businesses in Latin America. The increase in transactions revenues was driven by the Confirmation and Trust businesses.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin increased as higher revenues more than offset higher expenses. Foreign currency had no impact on the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin.

Tax & Accounting Professionals



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Recurring revenues		808		799		1%		3%		9%
Transactions revenues		250		187		34%		37%		17%
Revenues		1,058		986		7%		9%		10%
Segment adjusted EBITDA		490		451		8%		10%
Segment adjusted EBITDA margin		45.8%		45.8%		-		(30)bp

Revenues increased in total and in constant currency, including a negative impact from divestitures.

On an organic basis, revenues grew 10% due to growth in both recurring (76% of the Tax & Accounting Professionals segment) and transactions (24% of the Tax & Accounting Professionals segment) revenues. Recurring revenue growth was driven by UltraTax and the segment’s businesses in Latin America. The increase in transactions revenues reflected growth in Confirmation and SurePrep.

Segment adjusted EBITDA increased and the related margin was unchanged. Both measures reflected higher revenues, which were partly offset by higher expenses that included acquisition integration costs. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 30bp.

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Reuters News



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Recurring revenues		625		612		2%		3%		2%
Transactions revenues		144		121		19%		14%		13%
Revenues		769		733		5%		5%		4%
Segment adjusted EBITDA		172		154		12%		5%
Segment adjusted EBITDA margin		22.4%		21.0%		140bp		-

Revenues increased in total, in constant currency and on an organic basis. Revenue growth reflected the contractual price increase from the segment’s news and editorial agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG, and generative AI related content licensing revenue that was largely transactional in nature.

Reuters News and the Data & Analytics business of LSEG have an agreement pursuant to which Reuters News supplies news and editorial content to LSEG through October 1, 2048. Reuters News recorded $368 million (2022 – $360 million) of revenues under this agreement, which represent the current minimum annual value. However, these revenues may increase further as the contract requires adjustments related to changes in the consumer price index and foreign exchange rates.

Segment adjusted EBITDA increased due to higher revenues, which more than offset higher expenses. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 140bp.

Global Print



	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency		Organic
Revenues		562		592		(5%)		(4%)		(3%)
Segment adjusted EBITDA		213		212		1%		-
Segment adjusted EBITDA margin		38.0%		35.7%		230bp		170bp

Revenues decreased in total, constant currency, and on an organic basis. While the decline on an organic basis was in line with our expectations, the declines on a total and constant currency basis were further impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin increased as lower expenses more than offset lower revenues. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 60bp.

Corporate costs



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Corporate costs		115		293

Corporate costs decreased primarily because the prior year included $171 million of costs associated with the Change Program.

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Review of Fourth-Quarter Results

Our revenues and operating profit on a consolidated basis do not tend to be significantly impacted by seasonality as we record a large portion of our revenues ratably over the contract term and our costs are generally incurred evenly throughout the year. However, our revenues from quarter to consecutive quarter can be impacted by the release of certain tax products, which tend to be concentrated in the fourth quarter and, to a lesser extent, in the first quarter of the year. The timing of costs related to the Change Program impacted the seasonality of our expenses and operating profit in 2022.

Consolidated Results



	Three months ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts and margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency

IFRS Financial Measures

Revenues		1,815		1,765		3%

Operating profit		558		631		(11%)

Net earnings		678		218		211%

Diluted EPS		$1.49		$0.45		231%

Net cash provided by operating activities		705		676		4%

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(223)		64		n/m

Net cash used in financing activities		(1,702)		(132)		n/m

Non-IFRS Financial Measures (1)

Revenues		1,815		1,765		3%		3%

Organic revenue growth								7%

Adjusted EBITDA		707		633		12%		9%

Adjusted EBITDA margin		38.9%		35.9%		300bp		210bp

Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures		554		495		12%

Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures margin		30.5%		28.1%		240bp

Adjusted earnings		446		362 (2)		23%

Adjusted EPS		$0.98		$0.75 (2)		31%		28%

Free cash flow		613		526		16%

“Big 3” Segments

Revenues		1,446		1,409		3%		3%

Organic revenue growth								8%

Adjusted EBITDA		624		618		1%		-

Adjusted EBITDA margin		43.1%		43.9%		(80)bp		(150)bp

(1) Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

(2) In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. We revised the comparative 2022 period to reflect the current period presentation. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Revenues

Revenues increased 3% in total and in constant currency as growth in recurring and transactions revenues, as well as contributions from acquisitions, was partly offset by the loss of revenues from businesses we divested. Foreign currency had no net impact on consolidated revenue growth. On an organic basis, total revenues increased 7%, driven by 7% growth in recurring revenues (82% of total revenues) and 16% growth in transactions revenues. Global Print revenues declined 4% on an organic basis.

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Revenues from the “Big 3” segments (80% of total revenues) increased 3% in total and in constant currency. On an organic basis, revenues increased 8%, driven by 8% growth in recurring revenues (92% of “Big 3” segments revenues in the quarter) and 8% growth in transactions revenues.

Operating profit, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures

Operating profit decreased 11% because the prior-year period included gains on the sale of several

non-core

businesses.

Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the gains on the sales of businesses, as well as other adjustments, increased 12% due to higher revenues and lower costs. The related margin increased to 38.9% from 35.9% in the prior-year period. Lower costs reflected Change Program investments made in the prior-year period, which benefited the year-over-year change in adjusted EBITDA margin by 340bp. Foreign currency contributed 90bp to the year-over-year change in adjusted EBITDA margin.

Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures and the related margin increased as higher adjusted EBITDA more than offset higher accrued capital expenditures. The prior-year period included investments in the Change Program.

Net earnings and diluted EPS, and adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS

Net earnings and diluted EPS increased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to an increase in value of our investment in LSEG, net of changes in the value of related foreign exchange contracts, and lower income tax expense, which included a

non-cash

tax benefit.

Adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS, which excludes the changes in value of our LSEG investment and the related foreign exchange contracts, the

non-cash

tax benefit as well as other adjustments, increased primarily due to higher adjusted EBITDA.

Both diluted and adjusted EPS also benefited from a reduction in weighted-average common shares outstanding due to share repurchases and our June 2023 return of capital transaction.

Net cash provided by operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased as the cash benefits from higher revenues and lower costs more than offset higher tax payments.

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

In 2023, net cash used in investing activities primarily reflected $162 million in taxes paid on the sales of LSEG shares and certain other businesses, and $132 million of capital expenditures. These outflows were partly offset by $31 million of proceeds from the sales of LSEG shares and $55 million of cash flows from other investing activities, which included proceeds from the sale of real estate and a wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary to a company affiliated with Woodbridge. In 2022, net cash provided by investing activities primarily reflected $187 million in proceeds from the sales of certain

non-core

businesses, which were partially offset by $135 million of capital expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities

In 2023, net cash used in financing activities included the repayment of our $600 million term debt at maturity, $513 million of net repayments of commercial paper, and $576 million of returns to common shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. In 2022, net cash used in financing activities included $791 million of returns to common shareholders, which more than offset $673 million of net borrowings of commercial paper.

Free cash flow

Free cash flow increased in 2023 due to higher net cash provided by operating activities and other investing activities. The prior-year period also included investments in the Change Program.

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Segment Results



	Three months ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		Total		Constant Currency (1)		Organic (1)
Revenues
Legal Professionals		700		704		(1%)		(1%)		7%
Corporates		402		379		6%		5%		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		344		326		6%		9%		10%
“Big 3” Segments Combined (1)		1,446		1,409		3%		3%		8%
Reuters News		220		198		11%		10%		9%
Global Print		154		162		(6%)		(5%)		(4%)
Eliminations/ Rounding		(5)		(4)
Revenues		1,815		1,765		3%		3%		7%

Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Legal Professionals		298		294		1%		(2%)
Corporates		138		135		3%		1%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		188		189		(1%)		1%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		624		618		1%		-
Reuters News		61		40		56%		52%
Global Print		55		59		(5%)		(8%)
Corporate costs		(33)		(84)
Adjusted EBITDA		707		633		12%		9%
Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)
Legal Professionals		42.5%		41.7%		80bp		(50)bp
Corporates		34.5%		35.7%		(120)bp		(140)bp
Tax & Accounting Professionals		54.6%		58.1%		(350)bp		(430)bp
“Big 3” Segments Combined		43.1%		43.9%		(80)bp		(150)bp
Reuters News		27.9%		19.8%		810bp		720bp
Global Print		36.4%		36.1%		30bp		(100)bp
Adjusted EBITDA margin		38.9%		35.9%		300bp		210bp

(1) Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Legal Professionals

Revenues decreased in total and in constant currency due to the loss of revenues from divested businesses. On an organic basis, revenues increased due to 7% growth in recurring revenues (96% of the Legal Professionals segment in the fourth quarter of 2023) driven by Westlaw, Practical Law, HighQ, Casetext and the segment’s international businesses. Transactions revenues grew 2% organically (4% of the Legal Professionals segment in the fourth quarter of 2023) driven by the Government business.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin increased due to foreign currency. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 130bp.

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Corporates

Revenues increased in total and in constant currency, but were negatively impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses. On an organic basis, revenues increased due to 7% growth in both recurring (89% of the Corporates segment in the fourth quarter of 2023) and transactions revenues (11% of the Corporates segment in the fourth quarter of 2023). Recurring revenue growth was driven by Practical Law, CLEAR, Indirect Tax and the segment’s businesses in Latin America. Transactions revenue growth was led by the Confirmation and Trust businesses.

Segment adjusted EBITDA increased due to an increase in revenues, which were slightly higher than the increase in expenses. The related margin decreased due to higher expenses. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 20bp.

Tax & Accounting Professionals

Revenues increased in total and in constant currency. Revenue performance was negatively impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses, but positively impacted, to a lesser extent, by the acquisition of SurePrep. On an organic basis, revenues increased due to 10% growth in recurring revenues (89% of the Tax & Accounting Professionals segment in the fourth quarter of 2023) and 14% growth in transactions revenues (11% of the Tax & Accounting Professionals segment in the fourth quarter of 2023). Recurring revenue growth was driven by UltraTax and the segment’s businesses in Latin America. Transactions revenue growth was led by the Confirmation and SurePrep.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin decreased as higher revenues were more than offset by higher expenses, driven largely by the acquisition of SurePrep and related integration costs. SurePrep is a highly seasonal business that incurs losses in the fourth quarter. As SurePrep was acquired in 2023, these seasonal losses negatively impacted the segment’s adjusted EBITDA performance measures compared to the fourth quarter 2022. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 80bp.

Tax & Accounting Professionals is a more seasonal business relative to our other businesses, with a higher percentage of its revenues historically generated in the fourth quarter and to a slightly lesser extent, the first quarter, due to the release of certain tax products. As a result, the margin performance of this segment has been generally higher in the first and fourth quarters as costs are typically incurred in a more linear fashion throughout the year.

Reuters News

Revenues increased in total, in constant currency and on an organic basis driven primarily by generative AI related content licensing revenue which was largely transactional.

Segment adjusted EBITDA and the related margin increased primarily due to higher revenues. Foreign currency benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 90bp.

Global Print

Revenues decreased in total, constant currency, and on an organic basis. While the declines on an organic basis were in line with our expectations, performance on a total and constant currency basis was further negatively impacted by the loss of revenues from divested businesses.

Segment adjusted EBITDA decreased due to lower revenues. The related margin increased due to foreign currency, which benefited the year-over-year change in segment adjusted EBITDA margin by 130bp.

Corporate costs

Corporate costs decreased primarily because the prior-year period included $60 million of costs associated with the Change Program.

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Investment in LSEG

We indirectly own shares in LSEG through YPL, an entity jointly owned by our company and Blackstone’s consortium.

In 2023, LSEG amended the terms of contractual

lock-up

provisions previously agreed between LSEG and the Blackstone consortium/Thomson Reuters entities that hold the LSEG shares. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we received $5.4 billion of gross proceeds from the sale of LSEG shares our company indirectly owned, which included $5.3 billion received in the form of dividends from YPL. Our LSEG related transactions in 2023 were as follows:

We received $5.3 billion of gross proceeds from the sale of the 54.3 million shares our company indirectly owned, which included $151 million from the settlement of foreign exchange contracts.

We received $8 million in dividends from YPL related to the sale of call options that YPL entered into in September of 2023, to sell approximately 8.2 million LSEG shares with maturity dates in 2023 and 2024 in the event the LSEG share price exceeds specified levels. Our share of these call options covers approximately 3.5 million shares.

We sold approximately 0.9 million shares under the call options described above and received proceeds of $31 million in 2023 ($58 million of the proceeds settled in 2024).

LSEG repurchased 1.7 million of ordinary shares from YPL under an open market buyback program announced by LSEG in August 2022. We received proceeds of approximately $70 million related to the approximately 0.8 million shares our company indirectly owned and sold as part of this buyback.

As of December 31, 2023, we indirectly owned approximately 16.0 million LSEG shares. Approximately 13.4 million LSEG shares owned by our company are not subject to call options, but are subject to the amended lock-up provisions under which we may sell approximately 6.1 million shares between March 2, 2024 and January 29, 2025, and approximately 7.3 million shares thereafter.

We paid $657 million of income tax in 2023 on share sales and the related settlement of foreign exchange contracts. Relative to our remaining shares as of December 31, 2023, we expect to pay 25% capital gains tax on proceeds above our tax basis of approximately $650 million.

As of March 5, 2024, we indirectly owned approximately 5.9 million LSEG shares. While none of the shares are subject to call options, they are subject to amended lock-up provisions, which allow us to sell all of the remaining shares after January 29, 2025. See the “Subsequent Events” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for further information. The market value of our LSEG shares on March 5, 2024 was approximately $0.7 billion, based on LSEG’s closing share price on that date.

The Reuters News’

30-year

news agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG continues under the same terms and conditions and is scheduled to run to 2048.

See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the management’s discussion and analysis for information on our use of proceeds from the sale of LSEG shares.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Strategy

We have historically maintained a disciplined capital strategy that balances growth, long-term financial leverage, credit ratings and returns to shareholders. We are focused on having the investment capacity to drive revenue growth, both organically and through acquisitions, while also maintaining our long-term financial leverage and credit ratings and continuing to provide returns to shareholders. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities. From time to time, we also issue commercial paper, borrow under our credit facility and issue debt securities. Our principal uses of cash are for debt repayments, debt servicing costs, dividend payments, capital expenditures, share repurchases and acquisitions.

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In 2023, we received gross proceeds of $5.4 billion, which included the settlement of foreign exchange contracts, from the sale of approximately 56.0 million LSEG shares. During 2023, we returned $2.0 billion of these proceeds to shareholders through a return of capital transaction and repaid our $600 million, 4.30% notes upon maturity. We also repurchased $1,079 million of our common shares, including $361 million under our current plan to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common shares as announced on November 1, 2023. This new buyback program is in addition to the $2.0 billion repurchase program we completed in the first quarter of 2023. We expect to complete our $1.0 billion share repurchase program by the end of the second quarter of 2024. We plan to use the remaining proceeds to pursue organic and inorganic opportunities in key growth segments as well as for other general corporate purposes. For example, in 2023, we spent $1.2 billion on acquisitions, which included Casetext, SurePrep and Imagen. In the first two months of 2024, we acquired a majority interest in Pagero and all of World Business Media.

We plan to continue to sell LSEG shares in tranches subject to contractual

lock-up

provisions. We expect those proceeds will provide us with further options for investment, including acquisitions and returns to shareholders (Refer to the “Investment in LSEG” section, and the “Long-term debt”, “Share repurchases – Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)” and “Return of capital and share consolidation” subsections below, of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information).

Our capital strategy approach has provided us with a strong capital structure and liquidity position. Our disciplined approach and cash generative business model have allowed us to weather economic volatility in recent years caused by macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, while continuing to invest in our business. While we are closely monitoring the global disruption caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing Israel – Hamas conflict, our operations in those regions are not material to our business.

We expect that the operating leverage of our business will increase our free cash flow if we increase revenues as contemplated by our outlook. We continue to target a maximum leverage ratio of 2.5x net debt to adjusted EBITDA and to pay out 50% to 60% of our expected free cash flow as dividends to our shareholders. We have set two new targets as follows: (i) to return at least 75% of our annual free cash flow to our shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases; and (ii) to earn a return on invested capital (ROIC) that is double or more of our weighted-average cost of capital over time.

As of December 31, 2023, we had $1.3 billion of cash on hand, which includes a portion of the proceeds from the sale of our LSEG shares. As a result, our net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 0.8:1, significantly lower than our target of 2.5:1. As calculated under our credit facility covenant, our net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 0.7:1, which is also well below the maximum leverage ratio allowed under the credit facility of 4.5:1. Our next scheduled debt maturity is in September 2024.

We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our expected cash requirements in the normal course of business for the next 12 months.

Certain information above in this section is forward-looking and should be read in conjunction with the section entitled “Additional Information – Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results”.

Cash Flow

Summary of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022	$ Change
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,341	1,915	426
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		3,513	(462)	3,975
Net cash used in financing activities		(5,626)	(1,156)	(4,470)
Translation adjustments		1	(6)	7
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		229	291	(62)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,069	778	291
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		1,298	1,069	229
Non-IFRS Financial Measure (1):
Free cash flow		1,871	1,340	531

(1) Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

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Operating activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased due to cash benefits from higher revenues and lower costs as well as favorable movements in working capital.

Investing activities.

In 2023, net cash provided by investing activities included inflows of $5,424 million from the sale of our LSEG investment and $418 million from the sale of a majority stake in our Elite business. Other investing activities included $42 million from the sale of two Canadian wholly-owned subsidiaries to a company affiliated with Woodbridge, $35 million from the sale of certain real estate, as well as $58 million in LSEG dividends. These inflows were partly offset by $1,216 million of acquisition spending, $705 million in taxes paid on the sales of LSEG shares and certain businesses, and $544 million of capital expenditures. See the “Investment in LSEG” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information regarding the LSEG shares sales described above.

In 2022, net cash used in investing activities included $595 million of capital expenditures and $191 million of acquisition spending, which more than offset inflows of $216 million from the sales of certain

non-core

businesses and $130 million from our LSEG investment ($43 million from YPL’s participation in LSEG’s share buyback program and $87 million in dividends).

Financing activities.

In 2023, net cash used in financing activities primarily reflected $4,011 million of returns to our common shareholders, which was comprised of $2,045 million through our return of capital transaction, $887 million of dividends and $1,079 million of share repurchases. Net cash used in financing activities also included the repayment of $600 million of our term debt upon maturity and $956 million of net repayments of commercial paper.

In 2022, net cash used in financing activities reflected dividends paid to our common shareholders and share repurchases of $834 million and $1,282 million, respectively, which more than offset $1,042 million of net borrowings under our commercial paper program.

Refer to the “Commercial paper program”, ”Dividends”, “Share repurchases– Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)” and “Return of capital and share consolidation” subsections below for additional information.

Cash and cash equivalents.

The increase in cash and cash equivalents primarily reflects the remaining net proceeds from the sale of approximately 56.0 million of our indirectly owned LSEG shares.

Free cash flow.

Free cash flow increased in 2023 primarily due to higher cash flows from operating activities. Free cash flow also benefited from lower capital expenditures and higher other investing activities. The prior year included investments in the Change Program.

Additional information about our debt and credit arrangements, dividends, share repurchases and return of capital and share consolidation is as follows:

Commercial paper program.

Our $2.0 billion commercial paper program provides cost-effective and flexible short-term funding. The carrying amount of outstanding commercial paper of $130 million is included in “Current indebtedness” within the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – $1,048 million). Issuances of commercial paper reached a peak of $1,840 million during the year.

Credit facility.

We have a $2.0 billion syndicated credit facility agreement which matures in November 2027 and may be used to provide liquidity for general corporate purposes (including acquisitions or support for its commercial paper program). There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Based on our current credit ratings, the cost of borrowing under the facility is priced at the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)/Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURiBOR)/Simple Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) plus 102.5 basis points. We have the option to request an increase, subject to approval by applicable lenders, in the lenders’ commitments in an aggregate amount of $600 million for a maximum credit facility commitment of $2.6 billion. If our debt rating is downgraded by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, our facility fees and borrowing costs would increase, although availability would be unaffected. Conversely, an upgrade in our ratings may reduce our facility fees and borrowing costs. We also monitor the lenders that are party to our facility and believe they continue to be able to lend to us.

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We guarantee borrowings by our subsidiaries under the credit facility. We must also maintain a ratio of net debt as defined in the credit agreement (total debt after swaps less cash and cash equivalents) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter to EBITDA as defined in the credit agreement (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and other modifications described in the credit agreement) for the last four quarters ended of not more than 4.5:1. If we complete an acquisition with a purchase price of over $500 million, we may elect, subject to notification, to temporarily increase the ratio of net debt to EBITDA to 5.0:1 at the end of the quarter within which the transaction closed and for each of the three immediately following fiscal quarters. At the end of that period, the ratio would revert to 4.5:1. As of December 31, 2023, we complied with this covenant as our ratio of net debt to EBITDA, as calculated under the terms of our syndicated credit facility, was 0.7:1.

Long-term debt.

We repaid our $600 million, 4.30% notes with cash on hand upon maturity in November 2023. We did not issue or repay any notes in 2022.

Thomson Reuters Corporation and one of its U.S. subsidiaries, TR Finance LLC, may collectively issue up to $3.0 billion of unsecured debt securities from time to time through July 29, 2024 under a base shelf prospectus. Any debt securities issued by TR Finance LLC will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured basis by Thomson Reuters Corporation and three U.S. subsidiary guarantors, which are also indirect 100%-owned and consolidated subsidiaries of Thomson Reuters Corporation. Except for TR Finance LLC and the subsidiary guarantors, none of Thomson Reuters Corporation’s other subsidiaries have guaranteed or would otherwise become obligated with respect to any issued TR Finance LLC debt securities. Neither Thomson Reuters Corporation nor TR Finance LLC have issued any debt securities under the prospectus. Please refer to Appendix G of this management’s discussion and analysis for condensed consolidating financial information of the Company, including TR Finance LLC and the subsidiary guarantors.

Credit ratings.

Our access to financing depends on, among other things, suitable market conditions and the maintenance of suitable long-term credit ratings. Our credit ratings may be adversely affected by various factors, including increased debt levels, decreased earnings, declines in customer demand, increased competition, a deterioration in general economic and business conditions and adverse publicity. Any downgrades in our credit ratings may impede our access to the debt markets or result in higher borrowing rates.

In November 2023, Moody’s upgraded our senior unsecured and backed senior unsecured ratings to Baa1 from Baa2 citing resiliency in our business model amid challenging global macroeconomic conditions.

The following table sets forth the credit ratings from rating agencies in respect of our outstanding securities as of the date of this management’s discussion and analysis:



	Moody’s	S&P Global Ratings	DBRS Limited	Fitch
Long-term debt	Baa1	BBB	BBB (high)	BBB+
Commercial paper	P-2	A-2	R-2 (high)	F1
Trend/Outlook	Stable	Stable	Stable	Stable

These credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell securities and do not address the market price or suitability of a specific security for a particular investor. Credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of all risks on the value of securities. We cannot ensure that our credit ratings will not be lowered in the future or that rating agencies will not issue adverse commentaries regarding our securities.

Dividends.

Dividends on our common shares are declared in U.S. dollars. In February 2023, we announced a 10% or $0.18 per share increase in the annualized dividend rate to $1.96 per common share (beginning with the common share dividend that we paid in March 2023). In our consolidated statement of cash flow, dividends paid on common shares are shown net of amounts reinvested in our company under our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP). Registered holders of common shares may participate in our DRIP, under which cash dividends are automatically reinvested in new common shares. Common shares are valued at the weighted-average price at which the shares traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) during the five trading days immediately preceding the record date for the dividend. In the second quarter of 2023, due to administrative complexities, we temporarily suspended our DRIP for any dividend payable in advance of the return of capital transaction and paid such dividends in cash. We resumed the DRIP after the completion of the return of capital transaction.

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Details of dividends declared per common share and dividends paid on common shares are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)	2023		2022
Dividends declared per common share		$1.96		$1.78
Dividends declared		908		861
Dividends reinvested		(21)		(27)
Dividends paid		887		834

In February 2024, we announced a 10% or $0.20 per share increase in the annualized dividend rate to $2.16 per common share (beginning with the common share dividend that we plan to pay in March 2024). See the “Subsequent Events” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Share repurchases – Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB).

We buy back shares (and subsequently cancel them) from time to time as part of our capital strategy. On November 1, 2023, we announced that we plan to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common shares. This new buyback program is in addition to the $2.0 billion repurchase program we completed in the first quarter of 2023. Share repurchases are typically executed under a NCIB. Shares are repurchased for the new buyback program under a renewed NCIB, which was approved by the TSX and effective on November 1, 2023. Under the renewed NCIB up to 10 million common shares may be repurchased between November 3, 2023 and November 2, 2024. We may repurchase common shares in open market transactions on the TSX, the NYSE and/or other exchanges and alternative trading systems, if eligible, or by such other means as may be permitted by the TSX and/or NYSE or under applicable law, including private agreement purchases or share purchase program agreement purchases if we receive, if applicable, an issuer bid exemption order in the future from applicable securities regulatory authorities in Canada for such purchases. The price that our company will pay for common shares in open market transactions will be the market price at the time of purchase or such other price as may be permitted by the TSX.

Details of share repurchases were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Share repurchases (millions of U.S. dollars)		1,079		1,282
Shares repurchased (number in millions)		8.6		11.9
Share repurchases – average price per share in U.S. dollars		$125.07		$107.99

Decisions regarding any future repurchases will depend on certain factors such as market conditions, share price and other opportunities to invest capital for growth. We may elect to suspend or discontinue share repurchases at any time, in accordance with applicable laws. From time to time when we do not possess material nonpublic information about ourselves or our securities, we may enter into a

pre-defined

plan with our broker to allow for the repurchase of shares at times when we ordinarily would not be active in the market due to our own internal trading blackout periods, insider trading rules or otherwise.

Any such plans entered into with our broker will be adopted in accordance with applicable Canadian securities laws and the requirements of Rule

10b5-1

under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Return of capital and share consolidation.

In June 2023, we returned approximately $2.0 billion to our shareholders through a return of capital transaction, which was funded from the proceeds of our company’s dispositions of LSEG shares (see the “Investment in LSEG” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information on the sales of LSEG shares in 2023). The transaction consisted of a cash distribution of $4.67 per common share and a share consolidation, or “reverse stock split”, at a ratio of 1

pre-consolidated

share for 0.963957 post-consolidated shares. Shareholders who were subject to income tax in a jurisdiction other than Canada were given the opportunity to

opt-out

of the transaction. The share consolidation was proportional to the cash distribution and the share consolidation ratio was based on the volume weighted-average trading price of the shares on the NYSE for the five-trading day period immediately preceding June 23, 2023, the effective date for the return of capital transaction. Woodbridge, our principal shareholder, participated in this transaction. As a result of the share consolidation, our company’s outstanding common shares were reduced by 15.8 million common shares.

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Financial Position

Our total assets were $18.7 billion as of December 31, 2023, compared to $21.7 billion as of December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by our return of capital transaction as well as repayments of debt and commercial paper.

As of December 31, 2023, our current liabilities exceeded our current assets because current liabilities include a significant amount of deferred revenue, which arises from the sale of subscription-based products and services that many customers pay for in advance. The cash received from these advance payments is used to currently fund the operating, investing and financing activities of our business. However, for accounting purposes, these advance payments must be deferred and recognized over the term of the subscription. As such, we reflect a negative working capital position in our consolidated statement of financial position. In the ordinary course of business, deferred revenue does not represent a cash obligation, but rather an obligation to perform services or deliver products, and therefore when we are in that situation, we do not believe it is indicative of a liquidity issue, but rather an outcome of the required accounting for our business model.

Net debt and leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA



	December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Net debt (1)		2,207		3,925
Leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA:
Adjusted EBITDA (1)		2,678		2,329
Net debt/adjusted EBITDA (1)		0.8:1		1.7:1

(1) Amounts represent

non-IFRS

financial measures. For additional information about our liquidity, we provide our leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Our leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA was well below our target ratio of 2.5:1. The decrease in our net debt is primarily due to our repayment of our $600 million, 4.30% notes upon maturity in November 2023, a decrease in our commercial paper borrowings, as well as an increase in our cash and cash equivalents (refer to the “Cash Flow” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information). As of December 31, 2023, our total debt position (after swaps) was $3.2 billion. The maturity dates for our term debt are well balanced with no significant concentration in any one year. As of December 31, 2023, the average maturity of our term debt of $3.1 billion (total debt excluding $130 million of commercial paper) was approximately eight years at an average interest rate (after swaps) of slightly over 4%, all of which is fixed.

The following table illustrates our expected term debt maturities (after swaps) as of December 31, 2023.

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Financial Risk Management

Our global operations expose us to a variety of financial risks including market risk (primarily currency risk, price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The section entitled “Financial Risk Management” in note 20 of our 2023 annual consolidated financial statements provides a discussion of the material financial risks we believe we are exposed to and our approach to mitigating the potential adverse effects on our financial performance. Under the oversight of our Chief Financial Officer, our centralized corporate treasury group is responsible for our financial risk management strategy and execution and operates under strict guidelines and internal control processes. We strive to minimize the potential adverse economic effects associated with financial risks on our financial performance and to ensure we have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations, reinvest in our business, pay dividends and service our debt obligations.

Most of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars. However, 18% of our 2023 revenues and 34% of our 2023 operating expenses were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the most significant of which is the British pound sterling with the balance spread over several currencies, including the Canadian dollar, the Euro, the Brazilian real, the Argentine peso and the Indian rupee. Changes in foreign exchange rates typically impact the growth in our expenses more than our revenues, because a higher percentage of our expenses are denominated in foreign currency. In 2023, foreign currency had no net impact on our revenues and decreased operating expenses by 1% compared to the prior year.

We routinely monitor our currency exposures and may enter into derivative financial instruments to mitigate our foreign exchange risk. As our indirect investment in LSEG is denominated in British pounds sterling, it is subject to variability based on changes in the British pound sterling and U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate. To reduce our foreign currency risk, we have entered into foreign exchange contracts with a notional amount of £1.2 billion ($1.6 billion), which were outstanding on December 31, 2023. The substantial majority of our remaining LSEG investment is hedged by these forward exchange contracts.

The following charts outline the currency profile of our revenues and the operating expenses included in our calculation of adjusted EBITDA for 2023:

We monitor the financial stability of the foreign countries in which we operate. To mitigate risk of loss, we monitor the creditworthiness of our customers and have policies and procedures for trade receivables collection and global cash management to ensure adequate liquidity is available to us.

We also monitor the financial strength of financial institutions with which we have banking and other commercial relationships, including those that hold our cash and cash equivalents, as well as those which are counterparties to derivative financial instruments and other arrangements.

Approximately 47% of our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 were held by subsidiaries outside the U.S. We have historically accessed such funds in a tax efficient manner to meet our liquidity requirements. Due to our legal entity structure, we continue to expect to have access to our funds held by subsidiaries outside the U.S. in a tax efficient manner.

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Off-Balance

Sheet Arrangements, Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and

off-balance

sheet commitments:



(millions of U.S. dollars)	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
Commercial paper		130		-		-		-		-		-		130
Notes/debentures (1)		242		1,062		500		-		-		1,369		3,173
Interest payable (1)		126		105		84		76		76		867		1,334
Debt-related hedges outflows (2)		22		1,011		-		-		-		-		1,033
Debt-related hedges inflows (1)		(24)		(1,074)		-		-		-		-		(1,098)
Lease obligations (3)		70		60		49		39		33		158		409
Foreign exchange contracts outflows (4)		1,575		-		-		-		-		-		1,575
Foreign exchange contracts inflows (5)		(1,601)		-		-		-		-		-		(1,601)
Unconditional purchase obligations		374		258		123		42		11		-		808
Defined benefit obligations		33		-		-		-		-		-		33
Total		947		1,422		756		157		120		2,394		5,796

(1) Represents contractual cash flows calculated using spot foreign exchange rates as of December 31, 2023.

(2) Represents contractual U.S. dollar cash flows.

(3) Includes leases with a term of 12 months or less, certain

low-value

assets and lease commitments that have not commenced, all of which are not recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position.

(4) Represents contractual cash flows translated at the contract rate.

(5) Represents contractual cash flows calculated using forward foreign exchange rates as of December 31, 2023.

We provide further information about certain of our obligations below:

Subsidiary guarantees

– For certain property leases, banking arrangements and commercial contracts, we guarantee the obligations of some of our subsidiaries. We also guarantee borrowings by our subsidiaries under our credit agreement.

Guarantees

– See the “Contingencies” section below for information on guarantees and other credit support provided by our company to 3 Times Square Associates LLC (3XSQ Associates) in connection with a loan facility.

Unconditional purchase obligations

– We have various obligations for materials, supplies, outsourcing and other services contracted in the ordinary course of business. In the table above, certain commitments have been estimated over the contractual period.

Defined benefit obligations

– We sponsor defined benefit plans that provide pension and other post-employment benefits to covered employees. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of plan assets for our material funded pension plans was 93% of the plan obligations. In 2023, we contributed $32 million to our material defined benefit plans. In 2024, we expect to contribute approximately $33 million to our material defined benefit plans, of which $6 million will be in accordance with the normal funding policy of funded plans and $27 million will be for claims expected to arise under unfunded and retiree medical plans.

The amount and timing of any future required contributions to pension plans could differ significantly from our estimates as of December 31, 2023. We cannot estimate contributions beyond 2024 because they depend on future economic conditions, plan performance and potential future government legislation. For certain plans, the trustees have the right to call for special valuations, which could subsequently result in us having to make an unexpected contribution. Additionally, from time to time, we may elect to make voluntary contributions to improve the funded status of the plans.

Disposition contingencies

– In certain disposition agreements, including as described in the “Uncertain Tax Positions” section below, we guarantee indemnification obligations of our subsidiary that sold the business or assets. We believe that based upon current facts and circumstances, additional payments in connection with these transactions would not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition taken as a whole.

Other than as described above, we do not engage in

off-balance

sheet financing arrangements and we do not have any interests in unconsolidated special-purpose or structured finance entities.

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Contingencies

Lawsuits and Legal Claims

We are engaged in various legal proceedings, claims, audits and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. These matters include, but are not limited to, employment matters, commercial matters, privacy and data protection matters, defamation matters and intellectual property infringement matters. The outcome of all the matters against us is subject to future resolution, including uncertainties of litigation. Litigation outcomes are difficult to predict with certainty due to various factors, including but not limited to: the preliminary nature of some claims; uncertain damage theories and demands; an incomplete factual record; uncertainty concerning legal theories and procedures and their resolution by the courts, at both trial and appellate levels; and the unpredictable nature of opposing parties. Based on information currently known to us and after consultation with outside legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition taken as a whole.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As a result, we maintain provisions for uncertain tax positions that we believe appropriately reflect our risk. These provisions are made using our best estimates of the amount expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. When appropriate, we perform an expected value calculation to determine our provisions. We review the adequacy of these provisions at the end of each reporting period and adjust them based on changing facts and circumstances. Due to the uncertainty associated with tax audits, it is possible that at some future date, liabilities resulting from such audits or related litigation could vary significantly from our provisions. However, based on currently enacted legislation, information currently known to us and after consultation with outside tax advisors, management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition taken as a whole.

Through December 31, 2023, we paid $430 million of tax as required under notices of assessment issued by the U.K. tax authority, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), under the Diverted Profits Tax (DPT) regime that collectively related to the 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 taxation years of certain of our current and former U.K. affiliates. We do not believe these current and former U.K. affiliates fall within the scope of the DPT regime. Because we believe our position is supported by the weight of law, we intend to vigorously defend our position and will continue contesting these assessments through all available administrative and judicial remedies. As the assessments largely relate to businesses that we have sold, the majority are subject to indemnity arrangements under which we have been required to pay additional taxes to HMRC or the indemnity counterparty.

We do not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition taken as a whole. Payments made by us are not a reflection of our view on the merits of the case. As we expect to receive refunds of substantially all of the aggregate of amounts paid pursuant to these notices of assessment, we expect to continue recording substantially all of these payments as

non-current

receivables from HMRC or the indemnity counterparty, in our financial statements.

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Guarantees

We have an investment in 3XSQ Associates, an entity jointly owned by a subsidiary of our company and Rudin Times Square Associates LLC (Rudin), that owns and operates the 3 Times Square office building (the building) in New York, New York. In June 2022, 3XSQ Associates obtained a $415 million,

3-year

term loan facility to refinance existing debt, fund the building’s redevelopment, and cover interest and operating costs during the redevelopment period. The building is pledged as loan collateral. We and Rudin each guarantee 50% of (i) certain principal loan amounts and (ii) interest and operating costs. We and Rudin also jointly and severally guarantee (i) completion of commenced works and (ii) lender losses arising from disallowed acts, environmental or otherwise. To minimize economic exposure to 50% for the joint and several obligations, we and a parent entity of Rudin entered into a cross-indemnification arrangement. We believe the value of the building is expected to be sufficient to cover obligations that could arise from the guarantees. The guarantees do not impact our ability to borrow funds under our $2.0 billion syndicated credit facility or the related covenant calculation.

For additional information, please see the “Risk Factors” section of this annual report, which contains further information on risks related to legal and tax matters.

Outlook

The information in this section is forward-looking and should be read in conjunction with the section entitled “Additional Information — Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results”.

Trends

Technology and societal forces continue to drive the digital transformation of the Legal, Tax and Accounting, Risk, Fraud and Compliance ecosystems in which we operate. Our customers – professionals in law firms, accounting firms, government agencies and corporations – must continually improve efficiency and demonstrate the value of their service to their clients. Increasingly, AI is streamlining the workflows of the professionals we serve by enabling the rapid analysis of vast quantities of documents and data, automating routine tasks, facilitating sophisticated contract analysis and predicting financial outcomes. The application of AI to the workflows of the professionals we serve enables them to focus on more complex services for their customers. Further, virtual and hybrid work has become the new norm, making digital workflows a necessity. Consumer digital experience continues to influence the expectations of professionals in their work environments. These factors continue to drive demand for content-enabled, cloud-based solutions that are powered by AI.

While the pace of technology adoption varies, the overall trend towards cloud and AI enabled automation is consistent across our customer segments. The following forces are driving changes in our customer segments:

Legal Professionals:

Law firms continue to need technology to drive efficiency and competitive advantage, and to provide clients with modern, digitally-enabled client service. Demand for digital collaboration tools among lawyers within firms, as well as with their clients, remains high. Increasingly, generative AI, a subset of AI that creates new content, is being leveraged in areas such as legal research and contract drafting, with potentially transformative productivity gains as the tools and processes mature. Demand for fraud prevention, detection and investigative solutions continues to grow across government and corporate customers. Technology solutions, enabled by public and proprietary information, are increasingly being used to manage risks, adhere to regulations, minimize fraud, provide greater access to justice via virtual courts and to maintain global security.

Corporates:

Tax & Trade departments are under sustained pressure to operate efficiently and respond swiftly to changing regulations. They continue to invest in digital solutions reflecting governments’ increased focus on tax compliance and law enforcement, and in response to the introduction of digital tax reporting requirements and evolving Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) proposals. Similarly, corporate legal departments are embracing technology to enhance productivity and demonstrate value and impact to the corporations they serve, driving demand for automation that is powered by AI.

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Tax & Accounting Professionals:

Legacy tax, audit and accounting preparation and practice management

on-premises

systems are gradually being replaced by cloud-based,

Software-as-a-Service

(SaaS) offerings with more automation to improve efficiency and accuracy. Practitioners are exploring expanded use of AI to automate tasks such as the preparation of tax filings and to facilitate routine audit work. Client expectations for digital engagement as well as rapidly changing regulations are also driving transformation of audit services and increasing client demand for advisory services.

We continue to expect revenue declines in our Global Print business as customers migrate to online delivery, which has been compounded by the influence of the virtual and hybrid work environment.

The opportunity created by technology in the professional markets we serve continues to attract significant capital and entrepreneurial talent, creating a highly competitive environment. The increasing opportunities created by AI have elevated the competitive environment. Our traditional competitors are investing to provide new value to customers, as well as acquiring businesses to add new capabilities. More narrowly focused technology companies, including private companies often funded by private equity or

start-ups

funded by venture capital, are all investing heavily to pursue growth opportunities in our market segments. Large horizontal business systems vendors as well as some smaller vendors provide similar solutions to certain of our offerings. Professional service firms such as the Global 7 accounting firms, who have traditionally been our customers as well as our

go-to-market

partners, are developing their own competitive technology solutions.

Start-ups

continue to produce attractive innovations using the latest technologies. In the global news market segment, audiences are fragmenting across platforms while news consumption is shifting to on demand and mobile formats. While competition continues to be intense and dynamic, we believe that our strengths, high quality content, deep domain expertise, technology expertise and strong customer relationships will allow us to continue to serve the needs of our customers.

Priorities

AI-powered

solutions, including the launch of

AI-Assisted

Research on Westlaw Precision and CoCounsel Core AI Assistant for lawyers, as well as expanded features and design enhancements across our product portfolio.

In 2024, we will remain focused on allocating capital to drive long-term shareholder value creation. We plan to continue employing a “build, partner, buy” approach to grow our business. Specifically, we plan to accelerate our investment in generative AI through a robust product roadmap for both our tax and legal products that positions us to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We expect to leverage our recent acquisitions to build our product portfolio and capabilities. We also plan to expand our generative AI capabilities to international markets. As we modernize our products, we will maintain our focus on the stability and security of our offerings. We also plan to continue our work to improve our customer experience.

Financial Outlook

The following table sets forth our 2024 outlook and our full-year 2023 actual results, which includes

non-IFRS

financial measures. Our outlook incorporates our January 2024 acquisitions of Pagero and World Business Media. Additionally, our 2024 outlook:

Assumes constant currency rates relative to 2023; and

Does not factor in the impact of any other acquisitions or divestitures that may occur in future periods.

We believe this type of guidance provides useful insight into the anticipated performance of our business.

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Total Thomson Reuters	2023 Actual		2024 Outlook

Revenue growth Organic revenue growth (1)		3% 6%	Approximately 6.5% Approximately 6%

Adjusted EBITDA margin (1)		39.3%	Approximately 38%

Corporate costs		$115 million	$120 – $130 million

Free cash flow (1)		$1.9 billion	Approximately $1.8 billion

Accrued capital expenditures as a percentage of revenues (1)		7.8%	Approximately 8.5%

Depreciation and amortization of computer software Depreciation and amortization of internally developed software Amortization of acquired software		$628 million $556 million $72 million	$730 – $750 million $595 – $615 million Approximately $135 million

Interest expense (2)		$164 million	$150 – $170 million

Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings (1)		16.5%	Approximately 18%


“Big 3” Segments (1)	2023 Actual		2024 Outlook

Revenue growth Organic revenue growth		3% 7%	Approximately 8% Approximately 7.5%

Adjusted EBITDA margin		43.8%	Approximately 43%

(1)

Non-IFRS

financial measures. Refer to Appendices A and B of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information and reconciliations of our

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

(2) 2023 actual excludes a $12 million interest benefit associated with the release of tax reserves that is removed from adjusted earnings.

For the first quarter of 2024, we expect:

Organic revenue growth to be approximately 8%, boosted by the expectation for additional AI licensing revenues from Reuters News; and

Adjusted EBITDA margin to be approximately 40%, benefiting from normal seasonal strength and the Reuters News licensing revenues, partially offset by acquisition dilution and select growth investments.

2025 – 2026 Financial Framework

For the 2025 – 2026 period, we target an organic revenue growth range of 6.5% – 8%, driven by 8% – 9% for the “Big 3” segments. We target adjusted EBITDA margin expansion of approximately 75bp in 2025, followed by at least 50bp in 2026. We anticipate accrued capital expenditures as a percentage of revenues to be approximately 8% and 2026 free cash flow to range from $2.0 – $2.1 billion.

This financial framework assumes constant currency rates relative to 2023 and incorporates our January 2024 acquisitions of a majority interest in Pagero and all of World Business Media. It does not factor in the impact of any other acquisitions or divestitures that may occur during this time horizon.

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The following table summarizes our material assumptions and risks that may cause actual performance to differ from our expectations underlying our financial outlook and 2025-2026 financial framework.



Revenues

Material assumptions		Material risks
· Uncertain macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions will continue to disrupt the economy and cause periods of volatility · Continued need for trusted products and services that help customers navigate evolving and complex legal, tax, accounting, regulatory, geopolitical and commercial changes, developments and environments, and for cloud-based digital tools that drive productivity · Continued ability to deliver innovative products that meet evolving customer demands · Acquisition of new customers through expanded and improved digital platforms, simplification of the product portfolio and through other sales initiatives · Improvement in customer retention through commercial simplification efforts and customer service improvements		· Ongoing geopolitical instability and uncertainty regarding interest rates and inflation, continue to impact the global economy. The severity and duration of any one, or a combination, of these conditions could impact the global economy and lead to lower demand for our products and services (beyond our assumption that these disruptions will cause periods of volatility) · Uncertainty in the legal regulatory regime relating to AI. Potential future legislation may make it harder for us to conduct business using AI, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change product offerings or business practices, or prevent or limit our use of AI · Demand for our products and services could be reduced by changes in customer buying patterns, or our inability to execute on key product design or customer support initiatives · Competitive pricing actions and product innovation could impact our revenues · Our sales, commercial simplification and product design initiatives may be insufficient to retain customers or generate new sales



Adjusted EBITDA margin

Material assumptions		Material risks
· Our ability to achieve revenue growth targets · Business mix continues to shift to higher-growth product offerings · Integration expenses associated with recent acquisitions will reduce margins		· Same as the risks above related to the revenue outlook · Higher than expected inflation may lead to greater than anticipated increase in labor costs, third-party supplier costs and costs of print materials · Acquisition and disposal activity may dilute adjusted EBITDA margin



Free Cash Flow

Material assumptions		Material risks
· Our ability to achieve our revenue and adjusted EBITDA margin targets · Accrued capital expenditures expected to approximate 8.5% of revenues in 2024 and approximately 8.0% in 2025 and 2026		· Same as the risks above related to the revenue and adjusted EBITDA margin outlook · A weaker macroeconomic environment could negatively impact working capital performance, including the ability of our customers to pay us · Accrued capital expenditures may be higher than currently expected · The timing and amount of tax payments to governments may differ from our expectations



Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings

Material assumptions		Material risks
· Our ability to achieve our adjusted EBITDA target · The mix of taxing jurisdictions where we recognized pre-tax profit or losses in 2023 does not significantly change in 2024 · Minimal changes in tax laws and treaties within the jurisdictions where we operate (except for the adoption of the Pillar Two model rules in key jurisdictions) · Significant gains that will prevent the imposition of certain minimum taxes · No significant charges or benefits from the finalization of prior tax years · Depreciation and amortization of internally developed computer software of $595 – $615 million in 2024 · Interest expense of $150 – $170 million in 2024		· Same as the risks above related to adjusted EBITDA · A material change in the geographical mix of our pre-tax profits and losses · A material change in current tax laws or treaties to which we are subject, and did not expect · Depreciation and amortization of internally developed computer software as well as interest expense may be significantly higher or lower than expected

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Our outlook contains various

non-IFRS

financial measures. We believe that providing reconciliations of forward-looking

non-IFRS

financial measures in our outlook would be potentially misleading and not practical due to the difficulty of projecting items that are not reflective of ongoing operations in any future period. The magnitude of these items may be significant. Consequently, for outlook purposes only, we are unable to reconcile these measures to the most comparable IFRS measures because we cannot predict, with reasonable certainty, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates which impact (i) the translation of our results reported at average foreign currency rates for the year and (ii) other finance income or expense related to intercompany financing arrangements and foreign exchange contracts. Additionally, we cannot reasonably predict (i) our share of

post-tax

earnings or losses in equity method investments, which is subject to changes in the stock price of LSEG or (ii) the occurrence or amount of other operating gains and losses, which generally arise from business transactions we do not currently anticipate.

Related Party Transactions

As of March 4, 2024, our principal shareholder, Woodbridge, beneficially owned approximately 69% of our common shares.

Transactions with Woodbridge

From time to time, in the normal course of business, we enter into transactions with Woodbridge and certain of its affiliates. These transactions involve providing and receiving product and service offerings and are not material to our results of operations or financial condition either individually or in the aggregate.

In 2023, we sold two wholly owned Canadian subsidiaries to a company affiliated with Woodbridge for $42 million. The subsidiaries’ assets consisted of accumulated tax losses that management did not expect to utilize against future taxable income prior to their expiry based on currently enacted Canadian tax law. As such, no tax benefit for the losses had been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Under Canadian law, certain losses may only be transferred to related companies, such as those affiliated with Woodbridge. The proceeds were recorded as gains within “Other operating gains, net” in the consolidated income statement. For each of these transactions, the board of directors’ Corporate Governance Committee obtained an independent fairness opinion. We utilized each independent fairness opinion to determine that the negotiated price between our company and Woodbridge was reasonable. After reviewing these matters, the Corporate Governance Committee approved these transactions. Directors who were not considered independent because of their positions with Woodbridge refrained from deliberating and voting on the matters at the committee meetings.

Transactions with YPL

In 2023, we received $5.3 billion of dividends from YPL related to the sale of LSEG shares indirectly owned by our company.

In 2022, we received dividends from YPL of $87 million reflecting our portion of dividends related to our LSEG investment and $43 million in connection with YPL’s participation in LSEG’s share buyback program.

See the “Results of Operations – Share of

post-tax

earnings in equity method investments” and “Investment in LSEG” sections of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information regarding the above transactions.

Transactions with 3XSQ Associates

In 2023, we paid $5 million (2022 – $6 million) of rent to 3XSQ Associates, an equity method investment, for office space in the 3 Times Square building in New York, New York related to a lease through December 2028.

In 2022, we contributed $10 million in cash pursuant to capital calls and made a $15 million

in-kind

contribution representing the fair value of guarantees provided in connection with a $415 million loan facility obtained by 3XSQ Associates (see the “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Contingencies ” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information).

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Transactions with Elite

In June 2023, we sold a majority interest in our Elite business to TPG and retained a 19.9% minority interest with board representation. To facilitate the separation, we agreed to provide certain operational services to Elite, including technology and administrative services, for a specified period. From the date of the sale through December 31, 2023, we recorded $8 million as contra-expense related to these transactions.

As of December 31, 2023, the consolidated statement of financial position included a receivable from Elite of $39 million and a payable to Elite of $12 million related to all transactions between the two companies.

Transactions with other associates

From time to time, we enter into transactions with other associates. These transactions typically involve providing or receiving services in the normal course of business and are not material to our company’s results of operations or financial condition either individually or in the aggregate.

Compensation of key management personnel

Key management personnel compensation, including directors, was as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Salaries and other benefits		23		24
Share-based payments		17		17
Total compensation		40		41

Key management personnel are comprised of our company’s directors and executive officers.

Subsequent Events

Acquisitions

In January 2024, we announced a recommended public tender offer to acquire 100% of the shares of Pagero, a provider of electronic-invoicing and indirect tax solutions. As of March 4, 2024, we owned approximately 99.46% of Pagero, for which we paid approximately $800 million. We will consolidate Pagero in our financial statements from January 17, 2024, the date at which we acquired a majority of the business, and will report the business in our Corporates segment.

In January 2024, we acquired World Business Media Limited, a cross-platform, subscription-based provider of editorial content for the global P&C and specialty (re)insurance industry. This business will be reported in our Reuters News segment.

For both acquisitions, we are in the process of allocating the purchase consideration to the assets and liabilities assumed for accounting purposes.

Sale of LSEG Shares

From January 1, 2024 through March 5, 2024, we sold 10.1 million LSEG shares that we indirectly owned for approximately $1.1 billion. As of March 5, 2024, we indirectly owned approximately 5.9 million shares, which are subject to amended lock-up provisions that allow us to sell all of the remaining shares after January 29, 2025.

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2024 Dividends

In February 2024, we announced a 10% or $0.20 per share increase in the annualized dividend to $2.16 per common share, which was approved by our board of directors. A quarterly dividend of $0.54 per share will be paid on March 8, 2024 to shareholders of record as of February 21, 2024.

Share Repurchases

From January 1, 2024 through March 4, 2024, we repurchased 1.7 million of our common shares for $260 million under the $1.0 billion share buyback program announced in November 2023. Under this program, we have repurchased approximately $0.6 billion of our common shares.

Changes in Accounting Policies

Amended standards

Effective January 1, 2023, we adopted

Disclosures of Accounting Policies,

amendments to International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 1,

Presentation of Financial Statements,

and IFRS Practice Statement 2,

Making Materiality Judgements,

which require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. The amendments define material accounting policies as those policies that, when considered together with other information included in the financial statements, can reasonably be expected to influence decisions users make based on those financial statements. The amendments also encourage more entity-specific information within policy disclosures. The amendments did not have a material impact on the accounting policy information disclosed in our consolidated financial statements nor did they result in any changes to our accounting policies.

In May 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 12,

Income Taxes

. The amendments require an exception to IAS 12, whereby an entity does not recognize or disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities specifically related to tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted to implement the Organization for Economic

Co-operation

and Development’s international tax reform recommendations known as the Pillar Two model rules. We have applied the exception which was effective upon the issuance of the amendments. Additionally, for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, the amendments require the disclosure of the global minimum tax amount included in current tax expense and the potential impact of the tax in jurisdictions where the tax was enacted, but not yet effective (See the “Results of Operations – Tax expense” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information).

Accounting pronouncements effective in future periods

In August 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 21,

The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates

. The amendments provide guidance on the determination of an exchange rate to translate transactions and financial statements denominated or presented in a currency that is not exchangeable into another currency. The amendments are effective for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2025. We are assessing the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.

Other pronouncements issued by the IASB and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) are not applicable or consequential to our company.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments about the future. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Refer to Appendix D of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information on our critical accounting estimates and judgments.

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Additional Information

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in applicable U.S. and Canadian securities law) as of the end of the period covered by this management’s discussion and analysis, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that all information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or furnish under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act and applicable Canadian securities law is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

In the first quarter of 2023, we implemented OneStream, a platform for financial reporting, planning and forecasting and in the second quarter of 2023, we implemented SAP S/4 HANA, an enterprise resource planning software, to integrate and upgrade our financial reporting processes. In conjunction with these changes, we modified certain processes and procedures which are part of our internal control over financial reporting. Except as described above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2023 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 and based on that assessment determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Refer to our 2023 annual consolidated financial statements for our management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.

Share Capital

As of March 4, 2024, we had outstanding 451,363,370 common shares, 6,000,000 Series II preference shares, 1,318,622 stock options and a total of 1,698,536 time-based restricted share units and performance restricted share units. We have also issued a Thomson Reuters Founders Share which enables Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to exercise extraordinary voting power to safeguard the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Public Securities Filings and Regulatory Announcements

You may access other information about our company, including our 2023 annual report (which contains information required in an annual information form) and our other disclosure documents, reports, statements or other information that we file with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities through SEDAR at

sedarplus.ca

and in the United States with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) at

sec.gov

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Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results

Certain statements in this management’s discussion and analysis are forward-looking, including, but not limited to, our 2024 business outlook, the 2025-2026 Financial Framework, and discussion of anticipated trends, as well as statements regarding the Company’s intention to sell a portion of its shares in LSEG, the Company’s intentions to target a maximum leverage ratio of 2.5x net debt to adjusted EBITDA, a dividend payout ratio of between 50% to 60% of its free cash flow, its target to return at least 75% of free cash flow annually in the form of dividends and share repurchases, as well as its target to earn a return on invested capital (ROIC) that is double or more of its weighted-average cost of capital over time, the Company’s expectations regarding share repurchases, its expectations regarding refunds on amounts paid to HMRC, and other expectations regarding the Company’s strategic priorities, initiatives and opportunities, expectations regarding its liquidity and capital resources, expectations regarding the impact of tax legislation to be enacted, and statements about the estimated future growth of the market segments in which Thomson Reuters’ businesses operates. The words “will”, “expect”, “believe”, “target” “estimate”, “could”, “should”, “intend”, “predict”, “project” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. While we believe that we have a reasonable basis for making forward-looking statements in this management’s discussion and analysis, they are not a guarantee of future performance or outcomes or that any other events described in any forward-looking statement will materialize. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations. Many of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions are beyond our company’s control and the effects of them can be difficult to predict. In particular, the full extent of the impact of macroeconomic and geopolitical environment on the Company’s business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict.

Some of the material risk factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements in this management’s discussion and analysis include, but are not limited to, uncertainty, downturns and changes in the markets that the Company serves; failure of AI initiatives to enhance products or meet customer expectations; actions of competitors; failure to keep pace with technological developments to provide new products, services, applications and functionalities to meet customers’ needs, attract new customers and retain existing ones, or expand into new geographic markets and identify areas of higher growth; failure to derive fully the anticipated benefits from existing or future acquisitions, dispositions or other strategic investments, including joint ventures and investments; failure to protect the brands and reputation of Thomson Reuters; fraudulent or unpermitted data access or other cyber-security or privacy breaches; social and ethical issues from the use of AI or other evolving technologies in our products could result in reputational or competitive harm, or result in legal liability: failures or disruptions of data centers, network systems, telecommunications, or the Internet; failure to adapt to organizational changes and effectively implement strategic initiatives; failure to attract, motivate and retain high quality, talented and diverse management and key employees; failure to meet the challenges involved in operating globally; dependency on third parties for data, information and other services; changes to law and regulations related to privacy, data security, data protection, the use of AI, and other areas; inadequate protection of intellectual property rights; tax matters, including changes to tax laws, regulations and treaties; threat of legal actions and claims; risk of antitrust/competition-related claims or investigations; failure to maintain a high renewal rate for recurring, subscription-based services; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange and interest rates; downgrading of credit ratings and adverse conditions in the credit markets; the effect of factors outside of the control of Thomson Reuters on funding obligations in respect of pension and post-retirement benefit arrangements; impairment of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets; actions or potential actions that could be taken by the Company’s principal shareholder (Woodbridge); and the ability of Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to affect the Company’s governance and management. Additional factors are discussed in the “Risk Factors” and “Financial Outlook” sections of this annual report and in materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Our company’s business outlook and 2025-2026 financial framework is based on information currently available to the Company and is based on various external and internal assumptions made by the Company in light of its experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company believes are appropriate under the circumstances.

Our company has provided a business outlook and 2025-2026 financial framework for the purpose of presenting information about current expectations for the periods presented. This information may not be appropriate for other purposes. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements which reflect expectations only as of the date of this management’s discussion and analysis.

Except as may be required by applicable law, Thomson Reuters disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

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Appendix A

Non-IFRS

Financial Measures

We use

non-IFRS

financial measures, which include ratios that incorporate one or more

non-IFRS

financial measures, as supplemental indicators of our operating performance and financial position as well as for internal planning purposes, our management incentive programs and our business outlook. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies.

In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our definition of adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS to exclude amortization from acquired computer software. While we have always excluded amortization from acquired identifiable intangible assets other than computer software from adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS, this change aligns our treatment of amortization for all acquired intangible assets. Prior period amounts were revised for comparability. Acquired intangible assets contribute to the generation of revenues from acquired companies, which are included in our computation of adjusted earnings.

The following table sets forth our

non-IFRS

financial measures including an explanation of why we believe they are useful measures of our performance. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable IFRS measure are reflected in Appendices B and C of this management’s discussion and analysis.


How We Define It	Why We Use It and Why It Is Useful to Investors	Most Directly Comparable IFRS Measure

Adjusted EBITDA and the related margin
Represents earnings or losses from continuing operations before tax expense or benefit, net interest expense, other finance costs or income, depreciation, amortization of software and other identifiable intangible assets, our share of post-tax earnings or losses in equity method investments, other operating gains and losses, certain asset impairment charges and fair value adjustments, including those related to acquired deferred revenue. The related margin is adjusted EBITDA expressed as a percentage of revenues. For purposes of this calculation, revenues are before fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue.	Provides a consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and performance trends by excluding items that we do not consider to be controllable activities for this purpose. Also represents a measure commonly reported and widely used by investors as a valuation metric, as well as to assess our ability to incur and service debt.	Earnings from continuing operations

Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures and the related margin
Represents adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures, where accrued capital expenditures include amounts that remain unpaid at the reporting date. The related margin is adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures expressed as a percentage of revenues. For purposes of this calculation, revenues are before fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue.	Provides a basis for evaluating the operating profitability and capital intensity of a business in a single measure. This measure captures investments regardless of whether they are expensed or capitalized, and reflects the basis on which management measures capital spending.	Earnings from continuing operations

Accrued capital expenditures as a percentage of revenues
Accrued capital expenditures expressed as a percentage of revenues. For purposes of this calculation, revenues are before fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue.	Reflects the basis on how we manage capital expenditures for internal budgeting purposes.	Capital expenditures

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How We Define It	Why We Use It and Why It Is Useful to Investors	Most Directly Comparable IFRS Measure

Adjusted earnings and adjusted EPS
Net earnings or loss including dividends declared on preference shares but excluding the post-tax impacts of fair value adjustments, including those related to acquired deferred revenue, amortization of acquired intangible assets (attributable to other identifiable intangible assets and acquired computer software), other operating gains and losses, certain asset impairment charges, other finance costs or income, our share of post-tax earnings or losses in equity method investments, discontinued operations and other items affecting comparability. Acquired intangible assets contribute to the generation of revenues from acquired companies, which are included in our computation of adjusted earnings. The post-tax amount of each item is excluded from adjusted earnings based on the specific tax rules and tax rates associated with the nature and jurisdiction of each item. Adjusted EPS is calculated from adjusted earnings using diluted weighted-average shares and does not represent actual earnings or loss per share attributable to shareholders.	Provides a more comparable basis to analyze earnings. These measures are commonly used by shareholders to measure performance.	Net earnings and diluted earnings per share

Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings
Adjusted tax expense divided by pre-tax adjusted earnings. Adjusted tax expense is computed as income tax (benefit) expense plus or minus the income tax impacts of all items impacting adjusted earnings (as described above), and other tax items impacting comparability.	Provides a basis to analyze the effective tax rate associated with adjusted earnings.	Tax expense
In interim periods, we also make an adjustment to reflect income taxes based on the estimated full-year effective tax rate. Earnings or losses for interim periods under IFRS reflect income taxes based on the estimated effective tax rates of each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. The non-IFRS adjustment reallocates estimated full-year income taxes between interim periods but has no effect on full-year income taxes.	Because the geographical mix of pre-tax profits and losses in interim periods may be different from that for the full year, our effective tax rate computed in accordance with IFRS may be more volatile by quarter. Therefore, we believe that using the expected full-year effective tax rate provides more comparability among interim periods.

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How We Define It	Why We Use It and Why It Is Useful to Investors	Most Directly Comparable IFRS Measure

Net debt and leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA
Net debt: Total indebtedness (excluding the associated unamortized transaction costs and premiums or discount) plus the currency related fair value of associated hedging instruments, and lease liabilities less cash and cash equivalents.	Provides a commonly used measure of a company’s leverage. Given that we hedge some of our debt to reduce risk, we include hedging instruments as we believe it provides a better measure of the total obligation associated with our outstanding debt. However, because we intend to hold our debt and related hedges to maturity, we do not consider the interest components of the associated fair value of hedges in our measurements. We reduce gross indebtedness by cash and cash equivalents.	Total debt (current indebtedness plus long-term indebtedness)
Net debt to adjusted EBITDA: Net debt is divided by adjusted EBITDA for the previous twelve-month period ending with the current fiscal quarter.	Provides a commonly used measure of a company’s ability to pay its debt. Our non-IFRS measure is aligned with the calculation of our internal target and is more conservative than the maximum ratio allowed under the contractual covenants in our credit facility.	For adjusted EBITDA, refer to the definition above for the most directly comparable IFRS measure

Free cash flow
Net cash provided by operating activities and other investing activities, less capital expenditures, payments of lease principal and dividends paid on our preference shares.	Helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common dividends and fund share repurchases and acquisitions.	Net cash provided by operating activities

Return on invested capital (ROIC)
Adjusted operating profit (operating profit excluding amortization of other identifiable intangible assets, other operating gains and losses, and fair value adjustments) less net taxes paid expressed as a percentage of the average adjusted invested capital during the period.	Provides a measure of how efficiently we allocate resources to profitable activities and is indicative of our ability to create value for our shareholders.	IFRS does not require a measure comparable to ROIC. Refer to our calculation of ROIC in Appendix C for a reconciliation of the components in the calculation to the most directly comparable IFRS measure.

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How We Define It	Why We Use It and Why It Is Useful to Investors	Most Directly Comparable IFRS Measure

Changes before the impact of foreign currency or at “constant currency”
Applicable measures where changes are reported before the impact of foreign currency or at “constant currency” IFRS Measures: · Revenues · Operating expenses Non-IFRS Measures and ratios: · Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin · Adjusted EPS Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. However, we conduct activities in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We measure our performance before the impact of foreign currency (or at “constant currency” or excluding the effects of currency), which is determined by converting the current and equivalent prior period’s local currency results using the same foreign currency exchange rate.	Provides better comparability of business trends from period to period.	For each non-IFRS measure and ratio, refer to the definitions above for the most directly comparable IFRS measure.

Changes in revenues computed on an “organic” basis
Represent changes in revenues of our existing businesses at constant currency. The metric excludes the distortive impacts of acquisitions and dispositions from not owning the business in both comparable periods. · For acquisitions, we calculate organic growth as though we had owned the acquired business in both periods. We compare revenues for the acquired business for the period we owned the business to the same prior-year period revenues for that business, when we did not own it. · For dispositions, we calculate organic growth only for the time we owned the business in the current period, compared to the same period in the prior year.	Provides further insight into the performance of our existing businesses by excluding distortive impacts and serves as a better measure of our ability to grow our business over the long term.	Revenues

“Big 3” segments
Our combined Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments. All measures reported for the “Big 3” segments are non-IFRS financial measures.	The “Big 3” segments comprise approximately 80% of revenues and represent the core of our business information service product offerings.	Revenues Earnings from continuing operations

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Appendix B

This appendix provides reconciliations of certain

non-IFRS

financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures that are not presented elsewhere in this management’s discussion and analysis.

Rounding

Reconciliation of Earnings From Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Less Accrued Capital Expenditures



	Three months ended December 31,				Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings from continuing operations		650		179		2,646		1,391
Adjustments to remove:
Tax expense		20		103		417		259
Other finance costs (income)		117		418		192		(444)
Net interest expense		31		51		152		196
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		25		23		97		99
Amortization of computer software		135		131		512		485
Depreciation		29		30		116		140
EBITDA		1,007		935		4,132		2,126
Adjustments to remove:
Share of post-tax (earnings) losses in equity method investments		(260)		(120)		(1,075)		432
Other operating gains, net		(44)		(185)		(397)		(211)
Fair value adjustments (1)		4		3		18		(18)
Adjusted EBITDA		707		633		2,678		2,329
Deduct: Accrued capital expenditures		(153)		(138)		(532)		(545)
Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures		554		495		2,146		1,784
Adjusted EBITDA margin		38.9%		35.9%		39.3%		35.1%
Adjusted EBITDA less accrued capital expenditures margin		30.5%		28.1%		31.5%		26.9%

(1) Fair value adjustments primarily represent gains or losses due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on intercompany balances that arise in the ordinary course of business, a component of operating expenses, as well as adjustments related to acquired deferred revenue.

Reconciliation of Capital Expenditures to Accrued Capital Expenditures



	Three months ended December 31,				Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Capital expenditures		132		135		544		595
Remove: IFRS adjustment to cash basis		21		3		(12)		(50)
Accrued capital expenditures		153		138		532		545
Accrued capital expenditures as a percentage of revenues		n/a		n/a		7.8%		8.2%

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Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted EPS



	Three months ended December 31,				Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts and share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net earnings		678		218		2,695		1,338
Adjustments to remove:
Fair value adjustments (1)		4		3		18		(18)
Amortization of acquired computer software		24		12		72		39
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		25		23		97		99
Other operating gains, net		(44)		(185)		(397)		(211)
Interest benefit impacting comparability (2)(3)		-		-		(12)		-
Other finance costs (income)		117		418		192		(444)
Share of post-tax (earnings) losses in equity method investments		(260)		(120)		(1,075)		432
Tax on above items (3)		38		(24)		265		(30)
Tax items impacting comparability (2)(3)		(108)		60		(172)		15
(Earnings) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		(28)		(39)		(49)		53
Interim period effective tax rate normalization (3)		1		(3)		-		-
Dividends declare on preference shares		(1)		(1)		(5)		(3)
Adjusted earnings		446		362		1,629		1,270
Adjusted EPS		$0.98		$0.75		$3.51		$2.62
Diluted weighted-average common shares (millions)		455.2		479.5		464.0		484.9

(2) Release of tax and interest reserves due to the expiration of statutes of limitation.

(3) See the “Results of Operations – Tax expense” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

Reconciliation of Full-year Effective Tax Rate on Adjusted Earnings



	Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages)	2023		2022
Adjusted earnings		1,629		1,270
Plus: Dividends declared on preference shares		5		3
Plus: Tax expense on adjusted earnings		324		274
Pre-tax adjusted earnings		1,958		1,547
IFRS tax expense		417		259
Remove tax related to:
Amortization of acquired computer software		17		8
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		22		22
Share of post-tax (earnings) losses in equity method investments		(253)		124
Other finance costs (income)		31		(80)
Other operating gains, net		(81)		(42)
Other items		(1)		(2)
Subtotal - Remove tax (expense) benefit on pre-tax items removed from adjusted earnings		(265)		30
Remove: Tax items impacting comparability		172		(15)
Total - Remove all items impacting comparability		(93)		15
Tax expense on adjusted earnings		324		274
Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings		16.5%		17.7%

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Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow



	Three months ended December 31,				Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities		705		676		2,341		1,915
Capital expenditures		(132)		(135)		(544)		(595)
Other investing activities		55		1		137		88
Payments of lease principal		(14)		(15)		(58)		(65)
Dividends paid on preference shares		(1)		(1)		(5)		(3)
Free cash flow		613		526		1,871		1,340

Reconciliation of Net debt and Leverage Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA



	December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Current indebtedness		372		1,647
Long-term indebtedness		2,905		3,114
Total debt		3,277		4,761
Swaps		(65)		(42)
Total debt after swaps		3,212		4,719
Remove fair value adjustments for hedges (1)		2		7
Total debt after currency hedging arrangements		3,214		4,726
Remove transaction costs, premiums or discounts included in the carrying value of debt		26		33
Add: Lease liabilities (current and non-current)		265		235
Less: Cash and cash equivalents (2)		(1,298)		(1,069)
Net debt		2,207		3,925
Leverage ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA		2,678		2,329
Net debt/adjusted EBITDA		0.8:1		1.7:1

(1) Represents the interest-related fair value component of hedging instruments that are removed to reflect net cash outflow upon maturity.

(2) Includes cash and cash equivalents of $100 million and $81 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, held in subsidiaries which have regulatory restrictions, contractual restrictions or operate in countries where exchange controls and other legal restrictions apply and are therefore not available for general use by our company.

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Reconciliation of Changes in Revenues to Changes in Revenues Excluding the Effects of Foreign Currency (Constant Currency) as well as Acquisitions/Divestitures (Organic Basis)



	Three months ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Total		Foreign Currency		Subtotal Constant Currency		Acquisitions/ Divestitures		Organic
Revenues
Legal Professionals		700		704		(1%)		-		(1%)		(7%)		7%
Corporates		402		379		6%		1%		5%		(1%)		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		344		326		6%		(3%)		9%		(1%)		10%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		1,446		1,409		3%		(1%)		3%		(4%)		8%
Reuters News		220		198		11%		1%		10%		2%		9%
Global Print		154		162		(6%)		(1%)		(5%)		(1%)		(4%)
Eliminations/Rounding		(5)		(4)
Total revenues		1,815		1,765		3%		-		3%		(3%)		7%
Recurring Revenues
Legal Professionals		674		664		2%		-		2%		(5%)		7%
Corporates		358		337		6%		1%		6%		(1%)		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		305		292		5%		(3%)		8%		(2%)		10%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		1,337		1,293		3%		(1%)		4%		(3%)		8%
Reuters News		157		153		3%		(1%)		3%		1%		2%
Eliminations/Rounding		(5)		(4)
Total recurring revenues		1,489		1,442		3%		(1%)		4%		(3%)		7%
Transactions Revenues
Legal Professionals		26		40		(36%)		3%		(39%)		(41%)		2%
Corporates		44		42		6%		2%		4%		(3%)		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		39		34		15%		(7%)		22%		8%		14%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		109		116		(6%)		-		(6%)		(14%)		8%
Reuters News		63		45		39%		5%		34%		3%		31%
Total transactions revenues		172		161		7%		1%		6%		(10%)		16%

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	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		Total		Foreign Currency		Subtotal Constant Currency		Acquisitions/ Divestitures		Organic
Revenues
Legal Professionals		2,807		2,803		-		-		-		(6%)		6%
Corporates		1,620		1,536		5%		-		5%		(2%)		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		1,058		986		7%		(2%)		9%		(1%)		10%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		5,485		5,325		3%		-		4%		(4%)		7%
Reuters News		769		733		5%		-		5%		1%		4%
Global Print		562		592		(5%)		(1%)		(4%)		(1%)		(3%)
Eliminations/Rounding		(22)		(23)
Total revenues		6,794		6,627		3%		-		3%		(3%)		6%
Recurring Revenues
Legal Professionals		2,674		2,631		2%		-		2%		(4%)		6%
Corporates		1,373		1,305		5%		-		5%		(2%)		8%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		808		799		1%		(2%)		3%		(6%)		9%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		4,855		4,735		3%		-		3%		(4%)		7%
Reuters News		625		612		2%		-		3%		1%		2%
Eliminations/Rounding		(22)		(23)
Total recurring revenues		5,458		5,324		3%		-		3%		(3%)		6%
Transactions Revenues
Legal Professionals		133		172		(23%)		-		(23%)		(30%)		7%
Corporates		247		231		7%		-		7%		1%		5%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		250		187		34%		(3%)		37%		20%		17%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		630		590		7%		(1%)		8%		(2%)		10%
Reuters News		144		121		19%		4%		14%		1%		13%
Total transactions revenues		774		711		9%		-		9%		(2%)		10%

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Reconciliation of Changes in Adjusted EBITDA and the Related Margin, and Consolidated Operating Expenses and Adjusted EPS, Excluding the Effects of Foreign Currency



	Three months ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins and per share amounts)	2023		2022		Total		Foreign Currency		Constant Currency
Adjusted EBITDA
Legal Professionals		298		294		1%		3%		(2%)
Corporates		138		135		3%		1%		1%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		188		189		(1%)		(2%)		1%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		624		618		1%		1%		-
Reuters News		61		40		56%		4%		52%
Global Print		55		59		(5%)		3%		(8%)
Corporate costs		(33)		(84)		n/a		n/a		n/a
Adjusted EBITDA		707		633		12%		2%		9%

Adjusted EBITDA margin
Legal Professionals		42.5%		41.7%		80bp		130bp		(50)bp
Corporates		34.5%		35.7%		(120)bp		20bp		(140)bp
Tax & Accounting Professionals		54.6%		58.1%		(350)bp		80bp		(430)bp
“Big 3” Segments Combined		43.1%		43.9%		(80)bp		70bp		(150)bp
Reuters News		27.9%		19.8%		810bp		90bp		720bp
Global Print		36.4%		36.1’%		30bp		130bp		(100)bp
Adjusted EBITDA margin		38.9%		35.9%		300bp		90bp		210bp
Operating expenses		1,112		1,135		(2%)		(2%)		-
Adjusted EPS		$0.98		$0.75		31%		3%		28%

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	Year ended December 31,

					Change

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins and per share amounts)	2023		2022		Total		Foreign Currency		Constant Currency
Adjusted EBITDA
Legal Professionals		1,299		1,227		6%		1%		5%
Corporates		619		578		7%		-		7%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		490		451		8%		(1%)		10%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		2,408		2,256		7%		-		6%
Reuters News		172		154		12%		7%		5%
Global Print		213		212		1%		1%		-
Corporate costs		(115)		(293)		n/a		n/a		n/a
Adjusted EBITDA		2,678		2,329		15%		1%		14%

Adjusted EBITDA margin
Legal Professionals		46.2%		43.8%		240bp		50bp		190bp
Corporates		38.1%		37.6%		50bp		-		50bp
Tax & Accounting Professionals		45.8%		45.8%		-		30bp		(30)bp
“Big 3” Segments Combined		43.8%		42.4%		140bp		30bp		110bp
Reuters News		22.4%		21.0%		140bp		140bp		-
Global Print		38.0%		35.7%		230bp		60bp		170bp
Adjusted EBITDA margin		39.3%		35.1%		420bp		40bp		380bp
Operating Expenses		4,134		4,280		(3%)		-		(3%)
Adjusted EPS		$3.51		$2.62		34%		2%		32%

Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA margin

To compute segment and consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin, we exclude fair value adjustments related to acquired deferred revenue from our IFRS revenues. The chart below reconciles IFRS revenues to revenues used in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA margin, which excludes fair value adjustments related to acquired deferred revenue.



	Three months ended December 31, 2023

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	IFRS revenues		Remove fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue		Revenues excluding fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue		Adjusted EBITDA		Adjusted EBITDA margin
Revenues
Legal Professionals		700		1		701		298		42.5%
Corporates		402		-		402		138		34.5%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		344		-		344		188		54.6%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		1,446		1		1,447		624		43.1%
Reuters News		220		-		220		61		27.9%
Global Print		154		-		154		55		36.4%
Eliminations/Rounding		(5)		-		(5)		-		n/a
Corporate Costs		-		-		-		(33)		n/a
Consolidated totals		1,815		1		1,816		707		38.9%

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	Year ended December 31, 2023

(millions of U.S. dollars, except margins)	IFRS revenues		Remove fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue		Revenues excluding fair value adjustments to acquired deferred revenue		Adjusted EBITDA		Adjusted EBITDA margin
Revenues
Legal Professionals		2,807		1		2,808		1,299		46.2%
Corporates		1,620		3		1,623		619		38.1%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		1,058		11		1,069		490		45.8%
“Big 3” Segments Combined		5,485		15		5,500		2,408		43.8%
Reuters News		769		1		770		172		22.4%
Global Print		562		-		562		213		38.0%
Eliminations/Rounding		(22)		-		(22)		-		n/a
Corporate Costs		-		-		-		(115)		n/a
Consolidated totals		6,794		16		6,810		2,678		39.3%

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Appendix C

Calculation of Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

We calculate ROIC as adjusted operating profit after net taxes paid expressed as a percentage of the average invested capital during the period. Invested capital represents our net operating assets that contribute to, or arise from, our

post-tax

adjusted operating profit.

The following table provides the calculation of our ROIC for 2023 and 2022.



	For the years ended and as of December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Calculation of adjusted operating profit after taxes
Operating profit		2,332		1,834
Adjustments to remove:
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		97		99
Fair value adjustments		18		(18)
Other operating gains, net		(397)		(211)
Adjusted operating profit – continuing operations		2,050		1,704
Net cash taxes paid on continuing operations		(163)		(193)
Post-tax adjusted operating profit- continuing operations		1,887		1,511
Post–tax adjusted operating loss- discontinued operations (3)		(5)		(4)
Consolidated post-tax adjusted operating profit		1,882		1,507
Calculation of invested capital
Trade and other receivables		1,122		1,069
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		435		469
Property and equipment, net		447		414
Computer software, net		1,236		935
Other identifiable intangible assets (excludes accumulated amortization)		5,942		5,912
Goodwill (1)		5,685		4,894
Payables, accruals and provisions		(1,114)		(1,222)
Current tax liabilities		(248)		(324)
Deferred revenue		(992)		(886)
Total invested capital (2)		12,513		11,261
Average invested capital		11,887		11,348
Return on invested capital		15.8%		13.3%

(1) Goodwill excludes deferred tax impacts of $1,034 million and $975 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, arising from acquisition accounting.

(2) Invested capital excludes other financial assets and liabilities, including cash, debt and lease liabilities, equity method investments, other

non-current

assets, deferred taxes, and provisions and other

non-current

liabilities.

(3) Excludes $54 million of other operating gains in 2023 and $49 million of other operating losses in 2022, related to discontinued operations.

ROIC increased to 15.8% in 2023 from 13.3% in 2022 as higher adjusted operating profit more than offset the increase in average invested capital due to recent acquisitions.

We measure our ROIC to assess, over the long term, our ability to create value for our shareholders. Our goal is to increase this return over the long term by using our capital to invest in areas with high returns and realizing operating efficiencies to further enhance our profitability.

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Appendix D

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments about the future. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the actual results.

We continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment, reflecting ongoing geopolitical risk, uneven economic growth and an evolving interest rate and inflationary backdrop. While we are closely monitoring these conditions to assess potential impacts on our businesses, some of management’s estimates and judgments may be more variable and may change materially in the future due to the significant uncertainty created by these circumstances.

The following discussion sets forth management’s:

Most critical estimates and assumptions in determining the value of assets and liabilities; and

Most critical judgments in applying accounting policies.

Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments

We must assess whether accounts receivable are collectible from customers. Accordingly, we establish an allowance for expected losses arising from

non-payment

and other sales adjustments, taking into consideration customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, experience and expected credit losses. If future collections differ from estimates, future earnings would be affected. As of December 31, 2023, the combined allowances were $54 million, or 5%, of the gross trade accounts receivable balance of $1,103 million. An increase to the reserve based on 1% of accounts receivable would have decreased

pre-tax

earnings by approximately $11 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Computer software

Computer software represented $1,236 million of total assets in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023, and included internally developed computer software as well as computer software acquired in business combinations.

Most expenditures for internally developed computer software relate to product development and enhancements. Management exercises judgment in determining the development activities that meet capitalization criteria. Software acquired through business combinations is recorded at fair value, which is estimated at the acquisition date, based on, among other factors, cash flow projections from the use or sale of the asset, the weighted-average cost of capital and the remaining useful life, all of which require judgment.

For all software, management must estimate the expected period of benefit over which amounts recognized as assets should be amortized. The basis of these estimates includes the timing of technological obsolescence, economic and competitive pressures, historical experience and internal business plans for the use of the software. Due to rapidly changing technology and the uncertainty of the software development process itself, future results could be affected if management’s current assessment of its software projects differs from actual performance.

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Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill

Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill represented $3,165 million and $6,719 million, respectively, of total assets in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill arise out of business combinations. Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to identify and attribute values to the intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value as well as to estimate their useful lives. These determinations involve significant estimates and assumptions regarding cash flow projections, economic risk and weighted-average cost of capital. The excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Subsequent to acquisition, we test other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill for impairment as required. The outcome of these tests is highly dependent on our latest estimates and assumptions regarding cash flow projections, economic risk and weighted-average cost of capital. Specifically, cash flow projections could be impacted by deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, including potential impacts of regulation on customers, changes in customer buying patterns or competitive pressures. Our assumption of perpetual growth could be impacted by changes in long-term outlooks for global inflation. Additionally, the discount rate, tax rate and EBITDA multiples used in various impairment tests are based on those for comparable companies, which are driven by market conditions and prevailing tax laws.

If future events or results differ adversely from the estimates and assumptions made at acquisition or as part of subsequent impairment tests, we could record increased amortization or impairment charges in the future.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2023. No goodwill impairment was recorded as the estimated fair value less costs of disposal of each cash-generating unit (CGU) exceeded their carrying values by a substantial amount. We performed the test for each CGU to which goodwill was allocated and monitored by management at the date of the test. The valuation techniques, significant assumptions and sensitivities applied in the goodwill impairment test are described below.

Valuation Techniques

The selection and application of valuation techniques and the determination of significant assumptions requires judgment. An impairment of goodwill occurs when the recoverable amount of a CGU is below the carrying value of the CGU. The recoverable amount is the higher of a CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. As with previous impairment tests, the recoverable value of each CGU was based on fair value less costs of disposal, using a weighted average of the income approach and market approach. IFRS 13,

Fair Value Measurement

, defines fair value as a market-based measurement rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, the fair value of the CGU must be measured using the assumptions that market participants would use rather than those related specifically to us. To calculate market participant assumptions, publicly available data was gathered from companies operating in businesses similar to each CGU, which includes key competitors. As certain inputs to the valuation are not based on observable market data, the recoverable value of each CGU is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy.

Income approach

The income approach is predicated upon the value of the future cash flows that a business will generate. We used the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, which involves projecting cash flows and converting them into a present value equivalent through discounting. The discounting process uses a rate of return that is commensurate with the risk associated with the business and the time value of money. This approach requires assumptions about revenue growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures, tax rates and discount rates.

Market approach

The market approach assumes that companies operating in the same industry will share similar characteristics and that company values will correlate to those characteristics. Therefore, a comparison of a CGU to similar companies whose financial information is publicly available may provide a reasonable basis to estimate fair value. Under the market approach, fair value is calculated based on EBITDA multiples of benchmark companies comparable to the businesses in each CGU. Data for the benchmark companies was obtained from publicly available information.

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Significant Assumptions

Weighting of Valuation Techniques

We weighted the results of the two valuation techniques noted above, consistently applied to each CGU, as follows: 60% income approach/40% market approach. We believe that given volatility in capital markets, it is appropriate to apply a heavier weighting to the income approach.

Cash Flow Projections

Cash flow projections were based on our internal budget. We projected cash flows for a period of three years and applied a perpetual growth rate thereafter, as prescribed by IAS 36,

Impairment of Assets

. To project cash flows for the three-year period, we considered growth in revenues and costs as well as capital expenditures. In preparing our projections, we considered experience, economic trends such as GDP growth and inflation as well as industry and market trends. The projections also considered the expected impact from efficiency initiatives, new product launches, customer retention, as well as the maturity of the markets in which each business operates.

Discount Rate

We assumed a discount rate to calculate the present value of our projected cash flows. The discount rate represented a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for comparable companies operating in similar industries as the applicable CGU, based on publicly available information. The WACC is an estimate of the overall required rate of return on an investment for both debt and equity owners and serves as the basis for developing an appropriate discount rate. Determination of the WACC requires separate analysis of the cost of equity and the cost of debt. The cost of equity reflects the long-term risk-free interest rate associated with U.S. Treasury bonds and considers a risk premium based on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows of each CGU.

Lower discount rates were applied to CGUs whose cash flows are expected to be less volatile due to factors such as the maturity of the market they serve and their market position. Higher discount rates were applied to CGUs whose cash flows are expected to be more volatile due to competition or participation in less stable geographic markets.

Tax Rate

The tax rates applied to the projections were based on effective tax rates of comparable companies operating in similar industries as the applicable CGU, based on publicly available information or statutory tax rates. Tax assumptions are sensitive to changes in tax laws and the jurisdictions in which profits are earned.

The key assumptions used in performing the impairment test, by CGU, are presented below:



Cash-Generating Unit	Perpetual growth rate (1)		Discount rate		Tax rate
Legal Professionals		2.5%		11.0%		26.6%
Corporates		2.5%		11.0%		26.8%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		3.0%		11.5%		27.6%
Reuters News		2.5%		13.0%		25.0%
Global Print		(5.5%)		11.5%		26.8%

(1) The perpetual growth rate is applied to the final year of cash flow projections.

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Results and Sensitivities

As the fair value for each CGU exceeded its carrying value by a substantial amount, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that no reasonably possible change in the perpetual growth rate, discount rate or income tax assumptions would cause the carrying amounts of any CGU to exceed its recoverable amount.

Employee future benefits

We sponsor defined benefit plans providing pension and other post-employment benefits to covered employees. Our most significant defined benefit plans no longer accrue benefits to active employees. The determination of benefit expense associated with employee future benefits requires assumptions such as the discount rate, which is used to measure service cost, benefit plan obligations and the net interest income (expense) on the net benefit plan assets (obligations). Other significant assumptions include expected mortality, the expected rate of increase with respect to certain future pension payments, as well as the expected healthcare cost trend rate. Because the determination of the cost and obligations associated with employee future benefits requires the use of various assumptions, there is measurement uncertainty inherent in the actuarial valuation process. Actual results will differ from results which are estimated based on assumptions.

Discount rate

The discount rate was based on current market interest rates of high-quality, fixed-rate debt securities adjusted to reflect the duration of expected future cash outflows for pension benefit payments. To estimate the discount rate, we used a hypothetical yield curve that represented yields on high quality

zero-coupon

bonds with durations that mirrored the expected payment stream of the benefit obligation. For the Thomson Reuters Group Pension Plan (TRGP) and The Thomson Corporation PLC Pension Scheme (TTC) plans combined, a 0.25% increase or decrease in the discount rate would have decreased or increased the defined benefit obligation by approximately $79 million as of December 31, 2023.

Rates of inflation and pension payments

The rate of inflation, which impacts increases in eligible U.K. pension payments, was determined by reference to consumer and retail price indices. For the TTC plan, a 0.25% increase or decrease in the rate of increase in pension payments would have increased or decreased the defined benefit obligation by approximately $15 million as of December 31, 2023.

Medical cost trend

The medical cost trend is based on our actuarial medical claims experience and future projections of medical costs. The average medical cost trend rate used was 7.0% for 2023, which is reduced gradually to 4.8% in 2034. A 1% increase or decrease in the trend rate would have resulted in an increase or decrease in the benefit obligation for post-retirement benefits of approximately $3 million as of December 31, 2023.

Mortality assumptions

The mortality assumptions used to assess the defined benefit obligation as of December 31, 2023 are based on the following:

TRGP:

Pri-2012/MP-2021

Generational Table; and

TTC plan: SAPS S3 Light Tables with allowances for plan demographic specifics and longevity improvements.

For the TRGP and the TTC plans combined, an increase in life expectancy of one year across all age groups would have increased the defined benefit obligation by approximately $55 million as of December 31, 2023.

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Income taxes

We compute an income tax provision in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. These income tax provisions include amounts that are based upon our estimates and assumptions regarding prices and values used to record intercompany transactions. Actual amounts of income tax expense only become final upon filing and acceptance of the tax return by the relevant authorities, which occurs after the issuance of the financial statements. Additionally, estimation of income taxes includes evaluating the recoverability of deferred tax assets based on an assessment of the ability to use the underlying future tax deductions before they expire against future taxable income. The assessment is based upon existing tax laws and estimates of future taxable income. To the extent estimates differ from the final tax return, earnings would be affected in a subsequent period.

In interim periods, the income tax provision is based on estimates of full-year earnings by jurisdiction. The average annual effective income tax rates are

re-estimated

at each interim reporting date. To the extent that forecasts differ from actual results, adjustments are recorded in subsequent periods.

We have deferred tax assets in connection with the intercompany transfer of certain operations. The determination of these assets requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions about the fair value of the related operations. Critical estimates include, but are not limited to, internal revenue and expense forecasts and discount rates, while critical assumptions include those regarding macroeconomic conditions and prevailing tax laws. The discount rates used in the income method to reduce expected future cash flows to present value are derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and are adjusted to reflect the inherent risks related to the cash flow. Although we believe our assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could differ adversely from our assumptions and estimates, which could require the Company to reduce its deferred tax assets in future periods.

Our 2023 effective income tax rate on earnings from continuing operations was 13.6% (2022 – 15.7%). A 1% increase in the effective income tax rate would have increased 2023 income tax expense and decreased earnings from continuing operations by approximately $31 million.

Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

Revenue recognition

To determine the appropriate revenue recognition for our products and services, management must assess whether multiple products and services in customer contracts are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately, or whether they must be accounted for together. In making the determination, management considers, for example, whether we regularly sell a product or service separately, or whether the products or services are highly interrelated. Management must also determine the standalone selling price (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation. We typically have more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of our offerings by customer. As a result, management determines the SSP taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the product or service sold, the customer’s market, geographic location and the number and types of users in each contract. Finally, management must also estimate the period over which to amortize assets arising from incremental costs of obtaining a contract. As management estimates that this period corresponds to the period over which a customer benefits from existing technology in the underlying product or service, this judgment is closely linked with the determination of software amortization periods.

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Uncertain tax positions

We are subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions and we are routinely under audit by many different taxing authorities in the ordinary course of business. There are many transactions and calculations in the course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain, as taxing authorities may challenge some of our positions and propose adjustments or changes to our tax filings. As a result, we maintain provisions for uncertain tax positions that we believe appropriately reflect our risk. These provisions are made using our best estimates of the amount expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. When appropriate, we perform an expected value calculation to determine our provisions. We review the adequacy of these provisions at the end of each reporting period and adjust them based on changing facts and circumstances. Due to the uncertainty associated with tax audits, it is possible that at some future date, liabilities resulting from such audits or related litigation could vary significantly from our provisions. Where the outcome of these

tax-related

matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will affect the tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made. As of December 31, 2023, the liability associated with uncertain tax positions was $176 million (excluding interest) and is primarily included within “Current tax liabilities” on the consolidated statement of financial position.

Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized, and are reduced to the extent that it is not probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. In evaluating deferred tax assets, management must make judgments to assess the future taxable profits and likely outcomes of unresolved tax audits associated with the relevant jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023, we had deferred tax assets of $1,511 million and unrecognized deferred tax assets of $1,259 million in note 24 of our 2023 annual consolidated financial statements.

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Appendix E

Selected Annual Information

The following table summarizes selected annual information for 2023, 2022 and 2021.



	For the years ended and as of December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2021
IFRS Consolidated Income Statement Data
Revenues		6,794		6,627		6,348
Operating profit		2,332		1,834		1,242
Earnings from continuing operations		2,646		1,391		5,687
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax		49		(53)		2
Net earnings		2,695		1,338		5,689
Earnings attributable to common shareholders		2,695		1,338		5,689
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations		$5.70		$2.87		$11.52
Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations		$0.11		$(0.11)		$0.01
Basic earnings per share		$5.81		$2.76		$11.53
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations		$5.69		$2.86		$11.50
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations		$0.11		$(0.11)		-
Diluted earnings per share		$5.80		$2.75		$11.50
IFRS Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Data:
Total assets		$18,684		21,711		22,149
Total long-term financial liabilities (1)		3,142		3,347		4,020
Dividend Data:
Dividends per Thomson Reuters Corporation common share (US$)		$1.96		$1.78		$1.62
Dividends per Thomson Reuters Corporation Series II preference share (C$)		C$1.21		C$0.71		C$0.43

(1) Comprised of “Long-term indebtedness” and “Other financial liabilities –

non-current”.

Revenues

increased over the three-year period due to growth in recurring and transactions revenues. In 2023, acquisitions also contributed to the increase. As most of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars, foreign currency had a minimal impact on our revenues over the three-year period. In 2022, the U.S. dollar strengthened against most major currencies, which caused a moderate negative impact in our revenue growth compared to 2021.

Operating profit

increased over the three-year period due to higher revenues and gains from the sale of certain

non-core

businesses. In 2023, costs were lower compared to 2022 and 2021, which included costs associated with our

two-year

Change Program that we completed in December of 2022.

Earnings from continuing operations

increased in 2023 primarily due to higher operating profit and an increase in the value of our investment in LSEG, net of changes in the value of related foreign exchange contracts. In 2021, our earnings reflected a significant gain on sale of Refinitiv to LSEG.

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

in 2023 and 2022 were primarily comprised of gains or losses arising on a receivable balance from LSEG relating to a tax indemnity. The gains or losses were due to changes in foreign exchange and interest rates. The amount in 2021 also included residual income related to our former Financial & Risk business.

Total assets

decreased significantly in 2023 driven by our return of capital transaction as well as repayments of debt and commercial paper. The decrease in 2022 reflected a decrease in the value of our investment in LSEG.

Total long-term financial liabilities

decreased in 2023 compared to 2022 due to the reclassification of $242 million of debt from long term to current. Similarly, the decrease in 2022 compared to 2021 reflected the reclassification of $600 million of debt from long-term to current.

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Appendix F

Quarterly Information (unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of our consolidated operating results for the eight most recent quarters.



	Quarters ended

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		June 30, 2022		March 31, 2022
Revenues		1,815		1,594		1,647		1,738		1,765		1,574		1,614		1,674
Operating profit		558		441		825		508		631		398		391		414
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations		650		370		889		737		179		265		(71)		1,018
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax		28		(3)		5		19		39		(37)		(44)		(11)
Net earnings (loss)		678		367		894		756		218		228		(115)		1,007
Earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders		678		367		894		756		218		228		(115)		1,007

Basic earnings (loss) per share
From continuing operations		$1.43		$0.81		$1.89		$1.56		$0.37		$0.55		$(0.15)		$2.09
From discontinued operations		0.06		(0.01)		0.01		0.04		0.08		(0.08)		(0.09)		(0.02)
		$1.49		$0.80		$1.90		$1.60		$0.45		$0.47		$(0.24)		$2.07
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
From continuing operations		$1.43		$0.81		$1.89		$1.55		$0.37		$0.55		$(0.15)		$2.09
From discontinued operations		0.06		(0.01)		0.01		0.04		0.08		(0.08)		(0.09)		(0.03)
		$1.49		$0.80		$1.90		$1.59		$0.45		$0.47		$(0.24)		$2.06

Revenues

– Our revenues do not tend to be significantly impacted by seasonality as we record a large portion of our revenues ratably over a contract term. However, our revenues from quarter to consecutive quarter can be impacted by the release of certain tax products, which tend to be concentrated in the fourth quarter and, to a lesser extent, in the first quarter of the year. As most of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars, foreign currency had a minimal impact on our revenues, except in the third and fourth quarters of 2022 when a significant strengthening in the U.S. dollar caused a moderate decrease to our revenues. Divestitures negatively impacted our revenues throughout 2023, despite contributions from recent acquisitions.

Operating profit

– Our operating profit does not tend to be significantly impacted by seasonality. Because most of our operating expenses are fixed, we generally become more profitable when our revenues increase. When our revenues decline, we generally become less profitable. The second quarter of 2023 and the fourth quarter of 2022 included gains from the sale of certain

non-core

businesses. In 2022, our operating profit was impacted by the timing of costs associated with our Change Program.

Net earnings (loss)

– Our net earnings (loss) have been significantly impacted by our investment in LSEG. The first, second and fourth quarters of 2023 and the first and fourth quarters of 2022 reflected increases in the value of our LSEG investment, while the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022 reflected decreases in the value of our LSEG investment. While the third quarter of 2022 also included a significant reduction in the value of our LSEG investment, the reduction was virtually all due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound sterling, which was mitigated by gains on foreign exchange contracts related to a portion of the investment, which is denominated in British pound sterling.

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Appendix G

Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information

The following tables set forth consolidating summary financial information in connection with the full and unconditional guarantee by Thomson Reuters Corporation and three U.S. subsidiary guarantors, which are also indirect 100%-owned and consolidated subsidiaries of Thomson Reuters Corporation (referred to as the Guarantor Subsidiaries), of any debt securities issued by TR Finance LLC under a trust indenture to be entered into between Thomson Reuters Corporation, TR Finance LLC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, Computershare Trust Company of Canada and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas. TR Finance LLC is an indirect 100%-owned subsidiary of Thomson Reuters Corporation and was formed with the sole purpose of issuing debt securities. TR Finance LLC has no significant assets or liabilities, as well as no subsidiaries or ongoing business operations of its own. The ability of TR Finance LLC to pay interest, premiums, operating expenses and to meet its debt obligations will depend upon the credit support of Thomson Reuters Corporation and the subsidiary guarantors. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this management’s discussion and analysis for additional information.

The tables below contain condensed consolidating financial information for the following:

Parent – Thomson Reuters Corporation, the direct or indirect owner of all of its subsidiaries

Subsidiary Issuer – TR Finance LLC

Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries – Other subsidiaries of Thomson Reuters Corporation on a combined basis that will not guarantee TR Finance LLC debt securities

Eliminations – Consolidating adjustments

Thomson Reuters on a consolidated basis

The Guarantor Subsidiaries referred to above are comprised of the following indirect 100%-owned and consolidated subsidiaries of Thomson Reuters Corporation:

Thomson Reuters Applications Inc., which operates part of the Company’s Legal Professionals, Tax & Accounting Professionals and Corporates businesses;

Thomson Reuters (Tax & Accounting) Inc., which operates part of the Company’s Tax & Accounting Professionals and Corporates businesses; and

West Publishing Corporation, which operates part of the Company’s Legal Professionals, Corporates and Global Print businesses.

Thomson Reuters Corporation accounts for its investments in subsidiaries using the equity method for purposes of the condensed consolidating financial information. Where subsidiaries are members of a consolidated tax filing group, Thomson Reuters Corporation allocates income tax expense pursuant to the tax sharing agreement among the members of the group, including application of the percentage method whereby members of the consolidated group are reimbursed for losses when they occur, regardless of the ability to use such losses on a standalone basis. We believe that this allocation is a systematic, rational approach for allocation of income tax balances. Adjustments necessary to consolidate the Parent, Guarantor Subsidiaries and

Non-Guarantor

Subsidiaries are reflected in the “Eliminations” column.

This basis of presentation is not intended to present the financial position of Thomson Reuters Corporation and the results of its operations for any purpose other than to comply with the specific requirements for guarantor reporting and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, as well as this management’s discussion and analysis, which are included in this annual report.

The following condensed consolidating financial information is provided in compliance with the requirements of Section 13.4 of National Instrument

51-102

Continuous Disclosure Obligations

providing for an exemption for certain credit support issuers. Thomson Reuters Corporation has also elected to provide the following supplemental financial information in accordance with Article 13 of Regulation

S-X,

as adopted by the SEC and set forth in SEC Release

No. 33-10762.

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The following condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB and is unaudited.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING INCOME STATEMENT



	Year ended December 31, 2023

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Parent		Subsidiary Issuer		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Revenues		-		-		2,165		5,411		(782)	6,794
Operating expenses		(13)		-		(1,607)		(3,296)		782	(4,134)
Depreciation		-		-		(39)		(77)		-	(116)
Amortization of computer software		-		-		(17)		(495)		-	(512)
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		-		-		(45)		(52)		-	(97)
Other operating gains, net		42		-		20		335		-	397
Operating profit		29		-		477		1,826		-	2,332
Finance (costs) income, net:
Net interest (expense) income		(190)		-		14		24		-	(152)
Other finance (costs) income		(18)		-		2		(176)		-	(192)
Intercompany net interest income (expense)		203		-		(54)		(149)		-	-
Income before tax and equity method investments		24		-		439		1,525		-	1,988
Share of post-tax earnings in equity method investments		-		-		-		1,075		-	1,075
Share of post-tax earnings in subsidiaries		2,673		-		57		337		(3,067)	-
Tax expense		-		-		(102)		(315)		-	(417)
Earnings from continuing operations		2,697		-		394		2,622		(3,067)	2,646
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax		(2)		-		-		51		-	49
Net earnings		2,695		-		394		2,673		(3,067)	2,695
Earnings attributable to common shareholders		2,695		-		394		2,673		(3,067)	2,695

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING INCOME STATEMENT



	Year ended December 31, 2022

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Parent		Subsidiary Issuer		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Revenues		-		-		2,261		5,129		(763)	6,627
Operating expenses		(7)		-		(1,724)		(3,312)		763	(4,280)
Depreciation		-		-		(48)		(92)		-	(140)
Amortization of computer software		-		-		(10)		(475)		-	(485)
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		-		-		(49)		(50)		-	(99)
Other operating gains (losses), net		-		-		36		(262)		437	211
Operating (loss) profit		(7)		-		466		938		437	1,834
Finance (costs) income, net:
Net interest expense		(162)		-		(1)		(33)		-	(196)
Other finance (costs) income		(122)		-		-		566		-	444
Intercompany net interest income (expense)		155		-		(49)		(106)		-	-
(Loss) income before tax and equity method investments		(136)		-		416		1,365		437	2,082
Share of post-tax losses in equity method investments		-		-		-		(432)		-	(432)
Share of post-tax earnings in subsidiaries		1,474		-		6		304		(1,784)	-
Tax expense		-		-		(112)		(147)		-	(259)
Earnings from continuing operations		1,338		-		310		1,090		(1,347)	1,391
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		-		-		-		(53)		-	(53)
Net earnings		1,338		-		310		1,037		(1,347)	1,338
Earnings attributable to common shareholders		1,338		-		310		1,037		(1,347)	1,338

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION



	December 31, 2023

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Parent		Subsidiary Issuer		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents		24		-		182		1,092		-		1,298
Trade and other receivables		-		-		276		846		-		1,122
Intercompany receivables		2,666		-		465		3,402		(6,533)		-
Other financial assets		-		-		6		60		-		66
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		-		-		212		223		-		435
Current assets		2,690		-		1,141		5,623		(6,533)		2,921
Property and equipment, net		-		-		200		247		-		447
Computer software, net		-		-		49		1,187		-		1,236
Other identifiable intangible assets, net		-		-		1,021		2,144		-		3,165
Goodwill		-		-		3,803		2,916		-		6,719
Equity method investments		-		-		-		2,030		-		2,030
Other financial assets		116		-		6		322		-		444
Other non-current assets		-		-		116		502		-		618
Intercompany receivables		188		-		2		778		(968)		-
Investments in subsidiaries		14,572		-		489		3,943		(19,004)		-
Deferred tax		-		-		-		1,104		-		1,104
Total assets		17,566		-		6,827		20,796		(26,505)		18,684

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Current indebtedness		372		-		-		-		-		372
Payables, accruals and provisions		55		-		317		742		-		1,114
Current tax liabilities		-		-		-		248		-		248
Deferred revenue		-		-		337		655		-		992
Intercompany payables		2,768		-		634		3,131		(6,533)		-
Other financial liabilities		400		-		15		92		-		507
Current liabilities		3,595		-		1,303		4,868		(6,533)		3,233
Long-term indebtedness		2,905		-		-		-		-		2,905
Provisions and other non-current liabilities		2		-		6		684		-		692
Other financial liabilities		-		-		76		161		-		237
Intercompany payables		-		-		778		190		(968)		-
Deferred tax		-		-		232		321		-		553
Total liabilities		6,502		-		2,395		6,224		(7,501)		7,620
Equity
Total equity		11,064		-		4,432		14,572		(19,004)		11,064
Total liabilities and equity		17,566		-		6,827		20,796		(26,505)		18,684

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION



	December 31, 2022

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Parent		Subsidiary Issuer		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents		5		-		125		939		-		1,069
Trade and other receivables		-		-		458		611		-		1,069
Intercompany receivables		3,566		-		354		2,791		(6,711)		-
Other financial assets		-		-		5		199		-		204
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		-		-		245		224		-		469
Current assets		3,571		-		1,187		4,764		(6,711)		2,811
Property and equipment, net		-		-		159		255		-		414
Computer software, net		-		-		4		931		-		935
Other identifiable intangible assets, net		-		-		1,066		2,153		-		3,219
Goodwill		-		-		3,788		2,081		-		5,869
Equity method investments		-		-		-		6,199		-		6,199
Other financial assets		60		-		11		456		-		527
Other non-current assets		-		-		126		493		-		619
Intercompany receivables		190		-		-		778		(968)		-
Investments in subsidiaries		15,979		-		64		4,145		(20,188)		-
Deferred tax		-		-		-		1,118		-		1,118
Total assets		19,800		-		6,405		23,373		(27,867)		21,711

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Current indebtedness		1,647		-		-		-		-		1,647
Payables, accruals and provisions		48		-		395		779		-		1,222
Current tax liabilities		-		-		2		322		-		324
Deferred revenue		-		-		341		545		-		886
Intercompany payables		2,385		-		406		3,920		(6,711)		-
Other financial liabilities		718		-		18		76		-		812
Current liabilities		4,798		-		1,162		5,642		(6,711)		4,891
Long-term indebtedness		3,114		-		-		-		-		3,114
Provisions and other non-current liabilities		2		-		4		685		-		691
Other financial liabilities		-		-		33		200		-		233
Intercompany payables		1		-		778		189		(968)		-
Deferred tax		-		-		219		678		-		897
Total liabilities		7,915		-		2,196		7,394		(7,679)		9,826
Equity
Total equity		11,885		-		4,209		15,979		(20,188)		11,885
Total liabilities and equity		19,800		-		6,405		23,373		(27,867)		21,711

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW



(millions of U.S. dollars)	Parent		Subsidiary Issuer		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated

	Year ended December 31, 2023
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(251)		-		504		2,088		-		2,341
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		4,159		-		(249)		3,848		(4,245)		3,513
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,889)		-		(198)		(5,784)		4,245		(5,626)
Translation adjustments		-		-		-		1		-		1
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		19		-		57		153		-		229


	Year ended December 31, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities		26		-		751		1,138		-		1,915
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		765		-		66		193		(1,486)		(462)
Net cash used in financing activities		(801)		-		(929)		(912)		1,486		(1,156)
Translation adjustments		-		-		-		(6)		-		(6)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(10)		-		(112)		413		-		291

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Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Consolidated Financial Statements

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

The management of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company”) is responsible for the accompanying consolidated financial statements and other information included in this annual report. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, using the best estimates and judgments of management, where appropriate. Information presented elsewhere in this annual report is consistent with that in the financial statements.

The Company’s board of directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities in respect of financial reporting and internal control. The Audit Committee of the board of directors meets periodically with management and the Company’s independent auditor to discuss auditing matters and financial reporting issues. In addition, the Audit Committee approves the interim consolidated financial statements and recommends to the board of directors the approval of the annual consolidated financial statements and the annual appointment of the independent auditor. The board of directors has approved the information contained in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.


Steve Hasker President and Chief Executive Officer March 7, 2024		Michael Eastwood Chief Financial Officer

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control over financial reporting is a process that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company”); (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its system of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in

Internal Control – Integrated Framework

(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears herein.


Steve Hasker President and Chief Executive Officer		Michael Eastwood Chief Financial Officer

March 7, 2024

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Thomson Reuters Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Thomson Reuters Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flow for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in

Internal Control – Integrated Framework

(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in

Internal Control—Integrated Framework

(2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated

financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions and there are transactions within those jurisdictions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company maintains provisions for uncertain tax positions that it believes appropriately reflect its risk. These provisions are made using management’s best estimates of the amount expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. When appropriate, management performs an expected value calculation to determine its provisions. Management reviews the adequacy of these provisions at the end of each reporting period and adjusts them based on changing facts and circumstances. The estimate of uncertain tax positions includes estimates and assumptions regarding prices and values used to record intercompany transactions. As of December 31, 2023, the liability associated with uncertain tax positions was $176 million (excluding interest).

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the Company’s uncertain tax positions is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management to assess uncertain tax positions, including the prices and values used to record intercompany transactions, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and in evaluating the timely identification and accurate measurement of uncertain tax positions. Also, the evaluation of audit evidence available to support the tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions is complex and resulted in a high degree of auditor judgment as the nature of the evidence is often highly subjective, and the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the identification, recognition, and measurement of the liability for uncertain tax positions and controls addressing completeness of the uncertain tax positions. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing the information used in the calculation of the liability for uncertain tax positions, including intercompany agreements, international and Canadian domestic filing positions, and the related final tax returns; (ii) testing the calculation of the liability for uncertain tax positions by jurisdiction, including management’s assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and estimates of the amount of tax benefit expected to be sustained; (iii) testing management’s assessment of the identification of uncertain tax positions and possible outcomes of selected uncertain tax positions; and (iv) evaluating the status and results of income tax audits with the relevant tax authorities. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the completeness of the identification and possible outcomes of the uncertain tax positions, including evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment of whether tax positions are probable to be sustained and the amount of potential benefit to be realized, as well as the application of relevant tax laws.

New York, New York

March 7, 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

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THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT



		Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)	Notes	2023		2022
CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Revenues	3		6,794		6,627
Operating expenses	5		(4,134)		(4,280)
Depreciation			(116)		(140)
Amortization of computer software			(512)		(485)
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets			(97)		(99)
Other operating gains, net	6		397		211
Operating profit			2,332		1,834
Finance costs, net:
Net interest expense	8		(152)		(196)
Other finance (costs) income	8		(192)		444
Income before tax and equity method investments			1,988		2,082
Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments	9		1,075		(432)
Tax expense	10		(417)		(259)
Earnings from continuing operations			2,646		1,391
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	11		49		(53)
Net earnings			2,695		1,338
Earnings attributable to common shareholders			2,695		1,338

Earnings (loss) per share:	12
Basic earnings per share
From continuing operations			$5.70		$2.87
From discontinued operations			0.11		(0.11)
Basic earnings per share			$5.81		$2.76

Diluted earnings per share
From continuing operations			$5.69		$2.86
From discontinued operations			0.11		(0.11)
Diluted earnings per share			$5.80		$2.75

The related notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


			Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Notes		2023		2022
Net earnings				2,695		1,338

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Items that have been or may be subsequently reclassified to net earnings:
Cash flow hedges adjustments to net earnings		20		(30)		74
Cash flow hedges adjustments to equity		20		22		(57)
Foreign currency translation adjustments to equity		20		130		(317)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustments on disposal of business				-		(19)
				122		(319)
Items that will not be reclassified to net earnings:
Fair value adjustments on financial assets		20		12		(25)
Remeasurement on defined benefit pension plans		27		-		(162)
Related tax benefit on remeasurement on defined benefit pension plans		10		-		43
				12		(144)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				134		(463)
Total comprehensive income				2,829		875

Comprehensive income (loss) for the period attributable to:
Common shareholders:
Continuing operations				2,780		928
Discontinued operations				49		(53)
Total comprehensive income				2,829		875

The related notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION



			December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Notes		2023		2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents		13		1,298		1,069
Trade and other receivables		14		1,122		1,069
Other financial assets		20		66		204
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		15		435		469
Current assets				2,921		2,811
Property and equipment, net		16		447		414
Computer software, net		17		1,236		935
Other identifiable intangible assets, net		18		3,165		3,219
Goodwill		19		6,719		5,869
Equity method investments		9		2,030		6,199
Other financial assets		20		444		527
Other non-current assets		21		618		619
Deferred tax		24		1,104		1,118
Total assets				18,684		21,711

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Current indebtedness		20		372		1,647
Payables, accruals and provisions		22		1,114		1,222
Current tax liabilities				248		324
Deferred revenue		3		992		886
Other financial liabilities		20		507		812
Current liabilities				3,233		4,891
Long-term indebtedness		20		2,905		3,114
Provisions and other non-current liabilities		23		692		691
Other financial liabilities		20		237		233
Deferred tax		24		553		897
Total liabilities				7,620		9,826

Equity
Capital		25		3,405		5,398
Retained earnings				8,680		7,642
Accumulated other comprehensive loss				(1,021)		(1,155)
Total equity				11,064		11,885
Total liabilities and equity				18,684		21,711

Contingencies (note 31)

The related notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Company’s board of directors on March 6, 2024.



David Thomson Director		Steve Hasker Director

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THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW



			Year ended December 31,

(millions of U.S. dollars)	Notes		2023		2022
Cash provided by (used in):
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Earnings from continuing operations				2,646		1,391
Adjustments for:
Depreciation				116		140
Amortization of computer software				512		485
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets				97		99
Share of post-tax (earnings) losses in equity method investments		9		(1,075)		432
Net gains on disposals of businesses and investments				(336)		(217)
Deferred tax		24		(388)		(80)
Other		29		298		(276)
Changes in working capital and other items		29		457		8
Operating cash flows from continuing operations				2,327		1,982
Operating cash flows from discontinued operations				14		(67)
Net cash provided by operating activities				2,341		1,915
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		30		(1,216)		(191)
Proceeds from disposals of businesses and investments				418		216
Proceeds from sales of LSEG shares		9		5,424		43
Capital expenditures				(544)		(595)
Other investing activities		9		137		88
Taxes paid on sales of LSEG shares and disposals of businesses				(705)		(7)
Investing cash flows from continuing operations				3,514		(446)
Investing cash flows from discontinued operations				(1)		(16)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities				3,513		(462)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayments of debt		20		(600)		-
Net (repayments) borrowings under short-term loan facilities		20		(956)		1,042
Payments of lease principal		28		(58)		(65)
Payments for return of capital on common shares		25		(2,045)		-
Repurchases of common shares		25		(1,079)		(1,282)
Dividends paid on preference shares				(5)		(3)
Dividends paid on common shares		25		(887)		(834)
Other financing activities				4		(14)
Net cash used in financing activities				(5,626)		(1,156)
Translation adjustments				1		(6)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents				229		291
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period				1,069		778
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		13		1,298		1,069
Supplemental cash flow information is provided in note 29.
Interest paid, net of debt-related hedges				(201)		(168)
Interest received				81		8
Income taxes paid		29		(869)		(216)

Interest received and interest paid are reflected as operating cash flows.

Income taxes paid are reflected as either operating or investing cash flows depending on the nature of the underlying transaction.

The related notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY



(millions of U.S. dollars)	Stated share capital		Contributed surplus		Total capital		Retained earnings		Unrecognized gain on financial instruments		Foreign currency translation adjustments		Total accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”)		Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2022		3,864		1,534		5,398		7,642		17		(1,172)		(1,155)		11,885
Net earnings		-		-		-		2,695		-		-		-		2,695
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-		4		130		134		134
Total comprehensive income		-		-		-		2,695		4		130		134		2,829
Return of capital on common shares (see note 25)		(2,107)		60		(2,047)		-		-		-		-		(2,047)
Dividends declared on preference shares		-		-		-		(5)		-		-		-		(5)
Dividends declared on common shares		-		-		-		(908)		-		-		-		(908)
Shares issued under Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”)		21		-		21		-		-		-		-		21
Repurchases of common shares (see note 25)		(8)		-		(8)		(353)		-		-		-		(361)
Pre-defined share repurchase plan (see note 25)		(11)		-		(11)		(389)		-		-		-		(400)
Stock compensation plans		142		(90)		52		(2)		-		-		-		50
Balance, December 31, 2023		1,901		1,504		3,405		8,680		21		(1,042)		(1,021)		11,064



(millions of U.S. dollars)	Stated share capital		Contributed surplus		Total capital		Retained earnings		Unrecognized (loss) gain on financial instruments		Foreign currency translation adjustments		AOCL		Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2021		3,813		1,683		5,496		9,149		25		(836)		(811)		13,834
Net earnings		-		-		-		1,338		-		-		-		1,338
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		(119)		(8)		(336)		(344)		(463)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-		1,219		(8)		(336)		(344)		875
Dividends declared on preference shares		-		-		-		(3)		-		-		-		(3)
Dividends declared on common shares		-		-		-		(861)		-		-		-		(861)
Shares issued under DRIP		27		-		27		-		-		-		-		27
Repurchases of common shares (see note 25)		(94)		-		(94)		(1,188)		-		-		-		(1,282)
Pre-defined share repurchase plan (see note 25)		(50)		-		(50)		(668)		-		-		-		(718)
Stock compensation plans		168		(149)		19		(6)		-		-		-		13
Balance, December 31, 2022		3,864		1,534		5,398		7,642		17		(1,172)		(1,155)		11,885

The related notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Thomson Reuters Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unless otherwise stated, all amounts are in millions of U.S. dollars)

Note 1: Summary of Business and Material Accounting Policies

General business description

Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company” or “Thomson Reuters”) is an Ontario, Canada corporation with common shares listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and Series II preference shares listed on the TSX. The Company serves professionals across legal, tax, accounting, compliance, government, and media. Its products combine highly specialized software and insights to empower professionals with the data, intelligence, and solutions needed to make informed decisions, and to help institutions in their pursuit of justice, truth and transparency. Reuters, part of Thomson Reuters, is a world leading provider of trusted journalism and

news.

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Company’s board of directors on March 6, 2024.

Basis of preparation

These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), on a going concern basis, under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) at fair value.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving more judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 2.

References to “$” are to U.S. dollars, references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars, references to “£” are to British pounds sterling and references to “

€

” are to Euros.

Amended Standards

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted

Disclosures of Accounting Policies

, amendments to International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 1,

Presentation of Financial Statements

, and IFRS Practice Statement 2,

Making Materiality Judgements

, which require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. The amendments define material accounting policies as those policies that, when considered together with other information included in the financial statements, can reasonably be expected to influence decisions users make based on those financial statements. The amendments also encourage more entity-specific information within policy disclosures. The amendments did not have a material impact on the accounting policy information disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements nor did they result in any changes to the Company’s accounting policies.

In May 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 12,

Income Taxes

Co-operation

and Development’s international tax reform recommendations known as the Pillar Two model rules. The Company has applied the exception which was effective upon the issuance of the amendments. Additionally, for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, the amendments require the disclosure of the global minimum tax amount included in current tax expense and the potential impact of the tax in jurisdictions where the tax was enacted, but not yet effective (see note 10).

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Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all its subsidiaries.

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Company has control, where control is defined as having power over the investee, exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the investee, and the ability to use the power over the investee to affect the amount of those returns. Generally, the Company has a shareholding of more than 50% of the voting rights in its subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date control is transferred to the Company and are

de-consolidated

from the date control ceases.

The Company generally uses cash rather than equity to acquire subsidiaries and applies the acquisition method of accounting as follows:

Acquisition cost is measured as the fair value of the assets given and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, excluding transaction costs which are expensed as incurred;

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their fair values at the acquisition date;

The excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill; and

Contingent cash consideration, a financial liability, is measured at fair value on the acquisition date, with subsequent changes in fair value recorded through the consolidated income statement.

Intercompany transactions between subsidiaries are eliminated in consolidation.

Equity method investees

Equity method investees are entities over which the Company has significant influence, but not control. Generally, the Company has a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights in its equity method investees. Investments in equity method investees are accounted for using the equity method as follows:

Investments are initially recognized at cost and are reported in the consolidated statement of financial position;

The Company’s share of post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the consolidated income statement and the Company’s share of other comprehensive income or losses is recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and both are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investments;

When the Company’s share of losses equals or exceeds its interest in the investee, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the investee;

Gains and losses on transactions between the Company and its equity method investees are eliminated to the extent of the Company’s interest in these entities;

Dividends received or receivable from equity method investees are recognized as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment. Dividends received are included within the investing activities section of the consolidated statement of cash flow; and

Equity method investees are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable and at the end of each reporting period for indicators of impairment.

Upon loss of significant influence, any retained interest in the investee is remeasured to its fair value with the change in carrying amount recognized in other operating gains or losses in the consolidated income statement.

The accounting policies of subsidiaries and equity method investees were changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the Company’s policies.

Operating segments

The Company’s operating segments are organized around the customers it serves and are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”). The Chief Executive Officer has authority for resource allocation and assessment of the Company’s performance and is therefore the CODM. The accounting policies applied by the segments are the same as those applied by the Company.

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Foreign currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the Company’s presentation currency. The financial statements of each of the Company’s subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the subsidiary operates (the “functional currency”).

Assets and liabilities of entities with functional currencies other than U.S. dollars are translated to U.S. dollars at the period end rates of exchange, and the results of their operations are translated at average rates of exchange for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. For entities operating in countries where the currency has been designated as hyperinflationary, the assets, liabilities and results of their operations are translated at the period end rates of exchange, after

re-indexing

the local currency balances for the most recent inflation rates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions as well as from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency of the subsidiary, are recognized in the consolidated income statement, except for qualifying cash flow hedges which are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity.

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from borrowings and related hedging instruments, cash and cash equivalents, intercompany loans that are not permanent in nature and foreign exchange contracts are presented in the consolidated income statement within “Finance costs, net”.

Foreign exchange gains and losses related to certain intercompany loans that are permanent in nature are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the consolidated income statement within “Operating expenses”.

Accumulated foreign exchange gains and losses are recycled from accumulated other comprehensive loss to “Other operating gains (losses), net” or to discontinued operations, as applicable, within the consolidated income statement upon loss of control or significant influence of the applicable entity, including foreign exchange amounts relating to settled intercompany loans that had previously been considered permanent.

Revenue recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the Company’s products or services is transferred to customers. The amount of revenues recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Such consideration is net of estimated returns, discounts, value-added and other sales taxes.

The Company derives its revenues from selling information, software and services. Revenues are generally recognized as follows:

Recurring revenues

Recurring revenues are generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term.

Recurring revenues primarily consist of fees to access products or services over time, such as Westlaw, Practical Law and many of the Company’s tax compliance products. These products are generally provided under subscription arrangements, which most customers renew at the end of each subscription term. Most subscription arrangements have terms that range from

one

five

years. Recurring revenues also include fees from software maintenance arrangements that are recognized over the maintenance period. Arrangements may be billed in advance or in arrears.

Transactions revenues

Transactions revenues are recognized primarily at a point in time and based on their type, as follows:

Volume-based revenues are recognized based on usage, such as certain fees related to online searches and tax filings, and transactions in the Company’s Confirmation, Reuters Events and SurePrep businesses;

Fees for software licenses with no future obligations are recognized at the point of delivery; and

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Professional fees for service and consulting arrangements are recognized as services are performed, generally based on hours incurred, reflecting the continuous transfer of control to the customer.

Transactions revenues may be billed in advance or in arrears.

Print revenues

Print revenues that are sold under subscription agreements, which provide access to a library of print products as well as updates released during the subscription term, are generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term and may be billed in advance or in arrears. Revenues for print products that are not sold as part of a subscription arrangement are recognized at the point of shipment and billed at the same time.

Most print revenues consist of fees for content that is delivered primarily in traditional paper format.

The Company also considers the following when recognizing revenues:

Multiple performance obligations

Certain customer contracts include multiple products and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations when they are distinct. A product or service is distinct if a customer can benefit from it either on its own or with other readily available resources, and the promise to transfer the product or service is separately identifiable in the contract. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price.

A series of distinct products or services is accounted for as a single performance obligation if the items in the series are substantially the same, have the same pattern of transfer and: (1) each distinct item in the series represents a performance obligation that would be satisfied over time, and (2) the measure to satisfy the performance obligation for each distinct item in the series is the same.

Certain arrangements include installation or implementation services. If these services are distinct, consideration is allocated to them and they are recognized as services are performed and included as transactions revenues. If the services are not distinct, they are recognized as part of the related subscription arrangement or as part of the related software license, as applicable.

Sales involving third parties

Revenues from sales of third-party content or services delivered on the Company’s platforms are recorded gross when the Company is a principal to the transaction, and net of costs when the Company is acting as an agent between the customer and the vendor. The Company considers several factors to determine whether it is acting as principal or an agent, most notably whether it is primarily responsible for (1) fulfilling the promise to provide the content or services, (2) setting the price, and (3) the credit risk for the amount billed to the customer.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue, a contract liability, is recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of the transfer of the related products or services.

Contract costs

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if the benefit of such costs is expected to be longer than one year. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period that the product or service is transferred to the customer. Incremental costs include sales commissions to salespeople, account executives and sales management. Sales commissions on new customer contracts are generally paid at significantly higher rates than renewals. As such:

Assets related to new customer contracts are amortized over three years, which may anticipate renewal periods, as management estimates that this corresponds to the period over which a customer benefits from existing technology in the underlying product or service; and

Assets related to renewal of customer contracts are amortized over the term of the contract if they are commensurate with previous renewals commissions.

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The Company recognizes “Deferred commissions” short-term, within “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and “Deferred commissions” long-term, within “Other

non-current

assets” in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The Company recognizes the incremental cost of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period is one year or less.

Employee future benefits

The net periodic pension expense of defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits is actuarially determined on an annual basis using the projected unit credit method. Past service cost arising from plan amendments are recognized immediately in the consolidated income statement.

The asset or liability recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. All actuarial gains and losses that arise in calculating the present value of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets are recognized immediately in retained earnings and included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. For funded plans, surpluses are recognized only to the extent that the surplus is considered recoverable. Recoverability is primarily based on the extent to which the Company can unilaterally reduce future contributions to the plan.

Payments to defined contribution plans are expensed as incurred.

Share-based compensation plans

The Company operates equity-settled share-based compensation plans under which it receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments of the Company.

Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value of the awards expected to vest over the vesting period. The expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which the specified vesting conditions are satisfied. For awards with graded vesting, the fair value of each tranche is recognized over its respective vesting period. At the end of each reporting period, the Company reassesses its estimates of the number of awards that are expected to vest and recognizes the impact in the consolidated income statement.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are generally payable when an employee is terminated before the normal retirement date. The associated charges are recognized when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of termination benefits because it has communicated to the affected employees a termination plan that is unlikely to change, describing (a) the type and amount of benefits, (b) the number, job classifications or functions and locations of employees to be terminated and (c) the plan’s expected completion date.

Bonus plans

Liabilities for bonus plans are based on a formula that considers various financial metrics and certain adjustments. The Company recognizes an accrual where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation to make such compensation payments.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits and investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers from providing services or the sale of products in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost, less impairment. Trade receivables are classified as current assets if payment is due within one year or less.

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The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments to provide for impairment of trade receivables. The expense relating to doubtful accounts is included within “Operating expenses” in the consolidated income statement. Revenues are recorded net of sales adjustments.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:


Buildings and building improvements		10-40 years
Computer equipment		3 years
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment		5- 7 years

Residual values and useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted if appropriate. Fully depreciated assets are retained in cost and accumulated depreciation accounts until such assets are removed from service. Gains or losses on the disposal of property and equipment are included within “Operating profit” in the consolidated income statement and computed as the proceeds from disposal netted against the related assets and accumulated depreciation. The proceeds are presented as an investing activity in the consolidated statement of cash flow.

Intangible assets

Computer software

Certain costs incurred in the development of software to be used internally or for providing services to customers are capitalized once a project has progressed beyond a conceptual, preliminary stage to that of application development. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company are recognized as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

It is technically feasible to complete the software product so that it will be available for use;

Management intends to complete the software product and use or sell it;

There is an ability to use or sell the software product;

It can be demonstrated how the software product will generate probable future economic benefits;

Adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software product are available; and

The expenditure attributable to the software product during its development can be reliably measured.

Costs that qualify for capitalization include both internal and external costs but are limited to those that are directly related to the specific project. Computer software obtained from the acquisition of a business is recorded at fair value.

Computer software is amortized over its expected useful life, which ranges from three to five years and presented as “Amortization of computer software” in the consolidated income statement. Capitalized amounts, net of accumulated amortization, are presented as “Computer software, net” in the consolidated statement of financial position. Residual values and useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted if appropriate. Fully amortized assets are retained in cost and accumulated amortization accounts until such assets are removed from service.

Cloud computing arrangements

In a cloud computing arrangement, the Company is granted a right to access software and other technology capabilities at a third-party provider through the internet. These arrangements typically do not allow the Company to acquire, take possession or control the underlying assets of the provider. Costs associated with cloud computing arrangements are generally expensed as incurred because they generally do not meet software capitalization criteria.

The Company capitalizes costs to develop software that is hosted in the public cloud when:

It has the contractual right to take possession of the software from the cloud provider without significant penalty; and

It can demonstrate that it is feasible for the Company to run the software on its own hardware or that of another provider.

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The Company capitalizes costs to migrate software from

on-premise

data centers to the public cloud when the software is either rebuilt specifically for the cloud or has been significantly optimized to run in a cloud environment.

Other identifiable intangible assets

Upon acquisition, identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:


Trade names		5 years
Customer relationships		6-40 years
Databases and content		5-30 years
Other		10-30 years

Useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted if appropriate.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized.

Impairment

When the recoverable amount of assets is less than their carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized in the consolidated income statement. Impairment losses, other than those relating to goodwill, are evaluated for potential reversals when events or changes in circumstances warrant such consideration.

Goodwill and Intangible assets

The carrying values of all intangible assets and goodwill are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable and at the end of each reporting period for indicators of impairment. Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are also tested annually for impairment. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. For purposes of impairment testing:

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units (“CGUs”) based on the level at which management monitors it. The Company’s CGUs are the same as its operating segments. Goodwill is allocated to its CGUs based on the expected benefits of each business combination in which the goodwill arose; and

Identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives are comprised of the Reuters and West tradenames, reflecting their widespread brand recognition, long history, and expected future use. For purposes of impairment testing, the West tradename is allocated to the Legal Professionals, Corporates and Global Print CGUs as it primarily benefits those CGUs. As the Reuters tradename is considered a corporate asset because it is used in the Company’s name, its carrying value is compared to the excess fair value of all the Company’s CGUs for purposes of impairment testing.

Financial assets

The Company is exposed to normal credit risk with respect to its accounts receivable, and therefore maintains provisions for expected losses arising from

non-payment

and other sales adjustments. The Company estimates credit losses for trade receivables by aggregating similar customer types together, because they tend to share similar credit risk characteristics, taking into consideration the number of days the receivable is past due. Provision rates for the allowance for doubtful accounts are determined using the expected credit loss method, which is based on historical credit loss experience and calibrated, based on management’s judgment, with forward looking information about a debtor’s ability to pay.

The fair value measurement of other receivables and derivative instruments considers credit risk of the counterparty. The fair value measurement of equity investments that are accounted for as other financial assets considers information such as quoted prices.

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Non-financial

assets

The carrying value of a

non-financial

asset with a finite life, such as property and equipment and computer software, is assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable and at the end of each reporting period for indicators of impairment. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. An asset is assessed for impairment at the lowest level that the asset generates cash inflows that are largely independent of cash inflows from other assets. The lowest level may be an individual asset or a group of assets that form a CGU.

Disposal of long-lived assets and discontinued operations

Long-lived assets are classified as held for sale if the carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continued use and such sale is considered highly probable. The criteria for classification as held for sale include a firm decision by management or the board of directors to dispose of a business or a group of selected assets, an active marketing plan, and the expectation that such disposal will be completed within a

12-month

period. Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amounts or their fair value less costs of disposal and are no longer depreciated. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include an allocation of goodwill. Assets held for sale are classified as discontinued operations if the operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes from the rest of the Company and they:

Represent a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations;

Are part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or

Are a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Trade payables and accruals

Trade payables and accruals are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business. Amounts are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Trade payables and accruals are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less.

Provisions

Provisions represent liabilities of the Company for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation due to past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expected expenditures to settle the obligation using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

Indebtedness

Debt is recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost with any difference between the proceeds (net of transactions costs) and the redemption value recognized in the consolidated income statement over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. Where a debt instrument is in a fair value hedging relationship, a fair value adjustment is made to its carrying value to reflect hedged risk. Interest on indebtedness is expensed as incurred unless capitalized for qualifying assets in accordance with IAS 23,

Borrowing Costs

Debt is classified as a current liability unless the Company has the right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

Leases

A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a specified period in exchange for consideration. When the Company leases assets from third parties, the Company is the lessee. The Company does not have significant activity where it acts as the lessor, a transaction in which it leases assets to third parties.

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Lessee

At the lease commencement date, a

right-of-use

asset for the underlying leased asset and corresponding lease liability are recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position measured on a present value basis. Lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the interest rate that the Company would pay to borrow funds to obtain an asset of a similar value to the

right-of-use

asset with a comparable security, economic environment and term.

The

right-of-use

asset is included in “Property and equipment, net”, and the lease liability is included in “Other financial liabilities”, current or long-term, as appropriate, within the consolidated statement of financial position.

Right-of-use

assets are measured based on various factors including:

The initial amount of the lease liability;

Lease payments made at or before the commencement date; and

Initial direct costs and expected restoration costs.

Lease liabilities are measured as the present value of

non-cancellable

payments over the lease term, which may include:

Fixed payments (including

in-substance

fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable;

Variable lease payments that are based on an index or a rate (including inflation-linked payments);

Amounts expected to be payable under residual value guarantees;

Exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and

Penalty payments for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising that option.

Where exercise of renewal or termination options is deemed reasonably certain, such assumptions are reflected in the valuation of the

right-of-use

asset and lease liability. The reasonably certain assessment is made at the lease commencement date and

re-assessed

if there is a material change in circumstances supporting the assessment.

Lease payments are apportioned between the liability and a finance charge, which is reported within “Finance costs, net” in the consolidated income statement. The

right-of-use

asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the lease term on a straight-line basis and presented within “Depreciation” in the consolidated income statement.

Most of the Company’s leases are comprised of property leases, for which fixed payments covering lease and

non-lease

components are included in the value of the

right-of-use

assets and lease liabilities.

Payments for leases with a term of 12 months or less and certain

low-value

leases are recognized on a straight-line basis within “Operating expenses” in the consolidated income statement and are not recognized as

right-of-use

assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Financial assets

Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the settlement date, which is the date the asset is delivered to or by the Company. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or were transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial assets are classified in the following categories at the time of initial recognition based on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired:

Financial assets at fair value through the consolidated income statement

Classification

This category includes assets acquired primarily for the purpose of selling in the short-term, such as financial assets held for trading, or when designated by management. Examples include money market accounts, receivables under indemnification arrangements (see note 31) as well as foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

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Recognition and measurement

Financial assets in this category are initially recognized, and subsequently carried, at fair value, with changes recognized in the consolidated income statement. Transaction costs are expensed.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Classification

This category includes cash as well as trade and other receivables, which represent

non-derivative

financial assets that are held for the purpose of collecting their contractually fixed or determinable payments.

Recognition and measurement

Trade and other receivables are initially recognized at the transaction price and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the expected credit loss method.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Classification

These financial assets are

non-derivatives

that are irrevocably designated in this category. This category includes equity investments, which are not

held-for-trading

and do not qualify as associates accounted for under the equity method.

Recognition and measurement

These financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs and are subsequently carried at fair value with changes recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. The amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss are not subsequently recycled to the consolidated income statement.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and reported net in the consolidated statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to simultaneously realize the asset and settle the liability. Bank overdrafts in cash pooling arrangements may only be netted against cash and cash equivalents when settlement occurs on or about the end of the reporting period.

Derivative financial instruments and hedging

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a contract is entered into and are subsequently

re-measured

at their fair value. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument and the nature of the item being hedged.

At the inception of the transaction, the Company documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

Non-performance

risk, including the Company’s own credit risk, is considered when determining the fair value of financial instruments.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

Fair value hedges

These are hedges of the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability or unrecognized firm commitment. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges are recorded in the consolidated income statement together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.

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Cash flow hedges

These are hedges of the exposure to variability in cash flows of a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as a cash flow hedge is recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated income statement. Additionally:

—

amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income or loss are recycled to the consolidated income statement in the period when the hedged item will affect earnings;

—

when a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss in other comprehensive income or loss remains in other comprehensive income or loss and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the consolidated income statement; and

—

when a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in other comprehensive income or loss is immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement.

Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting

Certain derivative instruments, while providing effective economic hedges, are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes are recognized within “Other finance (costs) income” in the consolidated income statement consistent with the underlying nature and purpose of the derivative instruments. Settlements from these instruments are classified within the cash flow line item where the economic hedge relationship exists in the consolidated statement of cash flow.

Taxation

Tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax. Tax is recognized in the consolidated income statement except to the extent it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or loss or directly in equity.

Current tax

Current tax expense is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items that are currently not taxable or not deductible. Current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Provisions are established where appropriate based on amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Interest on underpaid taxes is included within “Net interest expense” in the consolidated income statement.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated statement of financial position. Deferred tax is calculated using regular tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of each reporting period, and which are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled. The Company does not adjust deferred tax balances for the impact of minimum tax rates that may apply in any given period.

Deferred tax liabilities:

Are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences;

Are recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled, and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future or create a tax liability; and

Are not recognized on temporary differences that arise from goodwill that is not deductible for tax purposes.

Deferred tax assets:

Are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized; and

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Are reviewed at the end of the reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination.

Accounting pronouncements effective in future periods

In August 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 21,

The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates

. The amendments provide guidance on the determination of an exchange rate to translate transactions and financial statements denominated or presented in a currency that is not exchangeable into another currency. The amendments are effective for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2025. The Company is assessing the impact of these amendments on its financial statements.

Other pronouncements issued by the IASB and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) are not applicable or consequential to the Company.

Note 2: Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments about the future. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the actual results.

The Company continues to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment, reflecting ongoing geopolitical risk, uneven economic growth and an evolving interest rate and inflationary backdrop. While the Company is closely monitoring these conditions to assess potential impacts on its businesses, some of management’s estimates and judgments may be more variable and may change materially in the future due to the significant uncertainty created by these circumstances.

The following discussion sets forth management’s:

Most critical estimates and assumptions in determining the value of assets and liabilities; and

Most critical judgments in applying accounting policies.

Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments

The Company must assess whether accounts receivable are collectible from customers. Accordingly, management establishes an allowance for expected losses arising from

non-payment

pre-tax

earnings by approximately $11 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Computer software

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Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill

Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill represented $3,165

million and $6,719 million, respectively, of total assets in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill arise out of business combinations. Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires the Company to identify and attribute values to the intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value as well as to estimate their useful lives. These determinations involve significant estimates and assumptions regarding cash flow projections, economic risk and weighted-average cost of capital. The excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Subsequent to acquisition, the Company tests other identifiable intangible assets and goodwill for impairment as required. The outcome of these tests is highly dependent on management’s latest estimates and assumptions regarding cash flow projections, economic risk and weighted-average cost of capital. Specifically, cash flow projections could be impacted by deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, including potential impacts of regulation on customers, changes in customer buying patterns or competitive pressures. The Company’s assumption of perpetual growth could be impacted by changes in long-term outlooks for global inflation. Additionally, the discount rate, tax rate and EBITDA multiples used in various impairment tests are based on those for comparable companies, which are driven by market conditions and prevailing tax laws.

If future events or results differ adversely from the estimates and assumptions made at acquisition or as part of subsequent impairment tests, the Company could record increased amortization or impairment charges in the future.

See note 19 for discussion of the annual impairment testing of goodwill.

Employee future benefits

The Company sponsors defined benefit plans providing pension and other post-employment benefits to covered employees. The Company’s most significant defined benefit plans no longer accrue benefits to active employees. The determination of benefit expense associated with employee future benefits requires assumptions such as the discount rate, which is used to measure service cost, benefit plan obligations and the net interest income (expense) on the net benefit plan assets (obligations). Other significant assumptions include expected mortality, the expected rate of increase with respect to certain future pension payments, as well as the expected healthcare cost trend rate. Because the determination of the cost and obligations associated with employee future benefits requires the use of various assumptions, there is measurement uncertainty inherent in the actuarial valuation process. Actual results will differ from results which are estimated based on assumptions. See note 27.

Income taxes

The Company computes an income tax provision in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. These income tax provisions include amounts that are based upon the Company’s estimates and assumptions regarding prices and values used to record intercompany transactions. Actual amounts of income tax expense only become final upon filing and acceptance of the tax return by the relevant authorities, which occurs after the issuance of the financial statements. Additionally, estimation of income taxes includes evaluating the recoverability of deferred tax assets based on an assessment of the ability to use the underlying future tax deductions before they expire against future taxable income. The assessment is based upon existing tax laws and estimates of future taxable income. To the extent estimates differ from the final tax return, earnings would be affected in a subsequent period.

In interim periods, the income tax provision is based on estimates of full-year earnings by jurisdiction. The average annual effective income tax rates are

re-estimated

at each interim reporting date. To the extent that forecasts differ from actual results, adjustments are recorded in subsequent periods. See note 10 for further details on income taxes including a discussion on sensitivity.

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The Company has deferred tax assets in connection with the intercompany transfer of certain operations. The determination of these assets requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions about the fair value of the related operations. Critical estimates include, but are not limited to, internal revenue and expense forecasts and discount rates, while critical assumptions include those regarding macroeconomic conditions and prevailing tax laws. The discount rates used in the income method to reduce expected future cash flows to present value are derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and are adjusted to reflect the inherent risks related to the cash flow. Although the Company believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could differ adversely from the Company’s assumptions and estimates, which could require the Company to reduce its deferred tax assets in future periods.

Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

Revenue recognition

To determine the appropriate revenue recognition for its products and services, management must assess whether multiple products and services in customer contracts are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately, or whether they must be accounted for together. In making the determination, management considers, for example, whether the Company regularly sells a product or service separately, or whether the products or services are highly interrelated. Management must also determine the standalone selling price (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of its offerings by customer. As a result, management determines the SSP taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of its contracts, the product or service sold, the customer’s market, geographic location and the number and types of users in each contract. Finally, management must also estimate the period over which to amortize assets arising from incremental costs of obtaining a contract. As management estimates that this period corresponds to the period over which a customer benefits from existing technology in the underlying product or service, this judgment is closely linked with the determination of software amortization periods.

Uncertain tax positions

The Company is subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions and is routinely under audit by many different taxing authorities in the ordinary course of business. There are many transactions and calculations in the course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain, as taxing authorities may challenge some of the Company’s positions and propose adjustments or changes to its tax filings. As a result, the Company maintains provisions for uncertain tax positions that it believes appropriately reflect its risk. These provisions are made using the Company’s best estimates of the amount expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. When appropriate, the Company performs an expected value calculation to determine its provisions. The Company reviews the adequacy of these provisions at the end of each reporting period and adjusts them based on changing facts and circumstances. Due to the uncertainty associated with tax audits, it is possible that at some future date, liabilities resulting from such audits or related litigation could vary significantly from the Company’s provisions. Where the outcome of these

tax-related

Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized, and are reduced to the extent that it is not probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. In evaluating deferred tax assets, management must make judgments to assess the future taxable profits and likely outcomes of unresolved tax audits associated with the relevant jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had deferred tax assets of $1,511 million and unrecognized deferred tax assets of $1,259 million (see note 24).

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Note 3: Revenues

Revenues by type and geography

The following tables disaggregate revenues by type and geography and reconcile them to reportable segments (see note 4).



Revenues by type	Legal Professionals			Corporates			Tax & Accounting Professionals			Reuters News			Global Print			Eliminations/ Rounding			Total
Year ended December 31,		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022
Recurring		2,674	2,631		1,373	1,305		808	799		625	612		-	-		(22)	(23)		5,458	5,324
Transactions		133	172		247	231		250	187		144	121		-	-		-	-		774	711
Global Print		-	-		-	-		-	-		-	-		562	592		-	-		562	592
Total		2,807	2,803		1,620	1,536		1,058	986		769	733		562	592		(22)	(23)		6,794	6,627



Revenues by geography (1) (country of destination)	Legal Professionals			Corporates			Tax & Accounting Professionals			Reuters News			Global Print			Eliminations/ Rounding			Total
Year ended December 31,		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022		2023	2022
U.S.		2,282	2,270		1,314	1,247		840	789		173	156		420	426		(22)	(23)		5,007	4,865
Canada (country of domicile)		82	69		12	11		37	37		7	6		65	79		-	-		203	202
Other		28	29		79	61		135	118		9	9		13	17		-	-		264	234
Americas (North America, Latin America, South America)		2,392	2,368		1,405	1,319		1,012	944		189	171		498	522		(22)	(23)		5,474	5,301
U.K.		262	262		118	111		23	21		409	396		36	34		-	-		848	824
Other		40	61		49	54		6	4		117	109		6	12		-	-		218	240
EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa)		302	323		167	165		29	25		526	505		42	46		-	-		1,066	1,064
Asia Pacific		113	112		48	52		17	17		54	57		22	24		-	-		254	262
Total		2,807	2,803		1,620	1,536		1,058	986		769	733		562	592		(22)	(23)		6,794	6,627

(1) The Company revised its 2022 revenues by geography to correct immaterial misclassifications, which did not impact total segment revenues or total consolidated revenues.

Contract liabilities



	December 31,

	2023		2022		2021
Deferred revenue		992		886		874

Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023 increased compared to the balance as of December 31, 2022 as cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying performance obligations exceeded $838 million of revenues recognized from the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 increased compared to the balance as of December 31, 2021 as cash

payments

received or due in advance of satisfying performance obligations exceeded $849 million of revenues recognized from the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

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Costs to obtain a contract

Amortization of deferred commissions was $

157

million and $

156

million

for the years ended December

2023

and

2022

, respectively, and was recorded within ”Operating expenses” in the consolidated income statement.

Remaining performance obligations

As of December

2023

, remaining performance

obligations

were $

17.1

billion

(2022

– $

16.8

billion), including the portion recorded as deferred revenue.

The Company expects to recognize these revenues as follows:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
1 year		26%		26%
Between 1 and 2 years		13%		13%
Between 2 and 3 years		8%		8%
Later than 3 years		53%		53%

The remaining performance obligations later than three years largely relate to a news agreement between Reuters News and the Data & Analytics business of London Stock Exchange Group plc (“LSEG”) for a minimum amount of revenue through October 1, 2048. In 2023, the Company recorded $368 million (2022 – $360 million) of revenues under this agreement, which represent the current minimum annual value. However, these revenues may increase further as the contract requires adjustments related to changes in the consumer price index and foreign exchange rates. As permitted by IFRS 15,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

the Company excluded performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of less than one year from its disclosure.

Note 4: Segment Information

The Company is organized as five reportable segments, reflecting how the businesses are managed. The segments offer products and services to target customers as described below.

Legal Professionals

The Legal Professionals segment serves law firms and governments with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive legal research powered by emerging technologies, including generative AI, and integrated legal workflow solutions that combine content, tools and analytics.

Corporates

The Corporates segment serves corporate customers from small businesses to multinational organizations, including the seven largest global accounting firms, with the Company’s full suite of content-driven technologies, including generative AI, providing integrated workflow solutions designed to help our customers digitally transform and achieve their business outcomes.

Tax & Accounting Professionals

The Tax & Accounting Professionals segment serves tax, accounting and audit professionals in accounting firms (other than the seven largest, which are served by the Corporates segment) with research and workflow products, focusing on intuitive tax offerings and automating tax workflows.

Reuters News

The Reuters News segment supplies business, financial and global news to the world’s media organizations, professionals and news consumers through Reuters News Agency, Reuters.com, Reuters Events, Thomson Reuters products and to financial market professionals exclusively via LSEG products.

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Global Print

The Global Print segment provides legal and tax information primarily in print format to customers around the world.

The Company also reports “Corporate costs”, which includes expenses for corporate functions. In 2022, Corporate costs also included expenses related to the Change Program (see note 5), which the Company completed on December 31, 2022. Corporate costs does not qualify as a reportable segment.



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Revenues
Legal Professionals		2,807		2,803
Corporates		1,620		1,536
Tax & Accounting Professionals		1,058		986
Reuters News		769		733
Global Print		562		592
Eliminations/Rounding		(22)		(23)
Revenues		6,794		6,627

Adjusted EBITDA
Legal Professionals		1,299		1,227
Corporates		619		578
Tax & Accounting Professionals		490		451
Reuters News		172		154
Global Print		213		212
Total reportable segments adjusted EBITDA		2,793		2,622
Corporate costs		(115)		(293)
Fair value adjustments (1)		(18)		18
Depreciation		(116)		(140)
Amortization of computer software		(512)		(485)
Amortization of other identifiable intangible assets		(97)		(99)
Other operating gains, net		397		211
Operating profit		2,332		1,834
Net interest expense		(152)		(196)
Other finance (costs) income		(192)		444
Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		1,075		(432)
Tax expense		(417)		(259)
Earnings from continuing operations		2,646		1,391

(1) The 2023 period included $16 million of acquired deferred revenue (2022 – $1 million).

Reuters News revenues included $22 million and $23 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily from content-related services that it provided to the Legal Professionals, Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals segments.

In accordance with IFRS 8,

Operating Segments

, the Company discloses certain information about its reportable segments based upon measures used by management in assessing the performance of those reportable segments. These measures are defined below and may not be comparable to similar measures of other companies.

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment adjusted EBITDA represents earnings or loss from continuing operations before tax expense or benefit, net interest expense, other finance costs or income, depreciation, amortization of software and other identifiable intangible assets, the Company’s share of

post-tax

earnings or losses in equity method investments, other operating gains and losses, certain asset impairment charges, corporate related items and fair value adjustments, including those related to acquired deferred revenue.

The Company does not consider these excluded items to be controllable operating activities for purposes of assessing the current performance of the reportable segments.

Each segment includes an allocation of costs, based on usage or other applicable measures, for centralized support services such as technology, customer service, commercial policy, facilities management, and product and content development. Additionally, product costs are allocated when one segment sells products managed by another segment.

Revenues by Classes of Similar Products or Services

The following table sets forth revenues by major type:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Electronic, software & services		6,232		6,035
Global Print		562		592
Total		6,794		6,627

Non-current

Assets by Geography


Geographic Information		Non-Current Assets (1)
	December 31,
		2023	2022
U.S.		9,029	12,141
Canada (country of domicile)		1,037	1,048
Other		182	186
Americas (North America, Latin America, South America)		10,248	13,375
Switzerland		1,993	2,000
U.K.		1,321	1,241
Other		47	42
EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa)		3,361	3,283
Asia Pacific		116	116
Total		13,725	16,774

(1)

Non-current

assets are primarily comprised of property and equipment, computer software, other identifiable intangible assets, goodwill and investments in equity method investees.

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Note 5: Operating Expenses

The components of operating expenses include the following:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Salaries, commissions and allowances		2,296		2,408
Share-based payments		83		85
Post-employment benefits		115		143
Total staff costs		2,494		2,636
Goods and services (1)		1,295		1,316
Content		265		269
Telecommunications		39		37
Facilities		39		41
Fair value adjustments (2)		2		(19)
Total operating expenses		4,134		4,280

(1) Goods and services include professional fees, consulting and outsourcing services, contractors, selling and marketing, and other general and administrative costs.

(2) Fair value adjustments primarily represent gains or losses on intercompany balances that arise in the ordinary course of business due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Operating expenses included $

171

million in 2022 related to the Change Program, which transitioned Thomson Reuters from a holding company to an operating company, and from a content provider into a content-driven technology company. The charges included severance as well as costs to drive technology and digital sales efficiencies. The Change Program was completed on December 31, 2022.

Note 6: Other Operating Gains, Net

Other operating gains, net, were $397 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which included a $342 million gain on the sale of a majority interest in the Company’s Elite business (see note 7), $42 million of gains on the sale of two wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries to a company affiliated with Woodbridge, the Company’s principal shareholder (see note 32), and a gain on the sale of real estate.

Other operating gains, net, were $211 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which included gains on the sale of certain

non-core

businesses.

Note 7: Divestitures

In June 2023, the Company sold a majority interest in its Elite business, a provider of financial and practice management solutions to law firms, to TPG, a global alternative asset management firm, for proceeds of $418 million. The Company retained a 19.9% minority interest in the business with board representation and accounts for its interest using the equity method of accounting (see note 9).

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The consideration received and the net assets disposed in the transaction were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

		2023
Consideration received - cash and cash equivalents			418
Trade and other receivables			(51)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(13)
Computer software			(36)
Goodwill			(104)
Other non-current assets			(2)
Total assets			(206)
Payables, accruals and provisions			11
Deferred revenue			49
Total liabilities			60
Net assets disposed			(146)
Opening balance 19.9% equity investment in Elite			87
Other			(17)
Gain on sale before income tax			342

Note 8: Finance Costs, Net

The components of finance costs, net, include interest expense (income) and other finance costs (income) as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Interest expense:
Debt		193		165
Derivative financial instruments - hedging activities		(1)		(1)
Other, net (1)		10		20
Fair value (gains) losses on cash flow hedges, transfer from equity (see note 20)		(30)		74
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) on debt		30		(74)
Net interest expense - debt and other		202		184
Net interest expense - leases		9		8
Net interest expense - pension and other post-employment benefit plans		25		11
Interest income		(84)		(7)
Net interest expense		152		196

(1) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes $12 million of benefits related to the reversal of accrued interest associated with the release of tax reserves (see note 10).



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Net losses (gains) due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates		65		(114)
Net losses (gains) on derivative instruments		132		(328)
Other		(5)		(2)
Other finance costs (income)		192		(444)

Net losses (gains) due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates were principally comprised of amounts related to certain intercompany funding arrangements.

Net losses (gains) on derivative instruments related to foreign exchange contracts that are intended to reduce foreign currency risk on a portion of the Company’s indirect investment in LSEG, which is denominated in British pounds sterling (see note 20).

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Note 9: Equity Method Investments

Equity method investments in the consolidated statement of financial position were comprised of the following:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
YPL		1,798		6,028
Other equity method investments		232		171
Total equity method investments		2,030		6,199

Equity method investments were primarily comprised of the Company’s indirect investment in LSEG shares, which it holds through its direct investment in York Parent Limited and its subsidiaries (“YPL”). YPL is an entity incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and jointly owned by the Company and Blackstone’s consortium (comprised of The Blackstone Group and its subsidiaries, and private equity funds affiliated with Blackstone). The increase in other equity method investments reflects the Company’s

19.9

minority interest in Elite, following the sale of a majority stake in the business in June 2023 (see note 7).

The investment in LSEG is subject to equity accounting because the LSEG shares are held through YPL, over which the Company has significant influence. As YPL owns only the financial investment in LSEG shares, which the parties intend to sell over time, and is not involved in operating LSEG, the investment in LSEG shares held by YPL is accounted for at fair value, based on the share price of LSEG. As the investment in LSEG is denominated in British pounds sterling, the Company has entered into a series of foreign exchange contracts to mitigate currency risk on its investment (see note 20).

In 2023, LSEG amended the terms of contractual

lock-up

provisions previously agreed between LSEG and the Blackstone consortium/Thomson Reuters entities that hold the LSEG shares. In the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received

$5.4

billion of gross proceeds from

the

sale of LSEG shares it indirectly owned, which included

$5.3

billion received in the form of dividends from YPL. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received

$43

million of dividends from YPL. These amounts were recorded as a reduction of the Company’s investment and presented as investing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flow. The Company’s LSEG related transactions in 2023 were as follows:

The Company received $5.3

billion of gross proceeds from the sale of the 54.3

million shares it indirectly owned, which included $151 million from the settlement of foreign exchange contracts.

The Company received $8 million in dividends from YPL related to the sale of call options that YPL entered into in September of 2023, to sell approximately 8.2 million LSEG shares with maturity dates in 2023 and 2024 in the event the LSEG share price exceeds specified levels. The Company’s share of these call options covers approximately 3.5 million shares.

The Company sold approximately

0.9

million shares under the call options described above and received proceeds of

million in 2023 ($58 million of the proceeds settled in 2024).

LSEG repurchased 1.7 million (2022 – 1.2 million) of ordinary shares from YPL under an open market buyback program announced by LSEG in August 2022. The Company received proceeds of approximately $70 million (2022 – $43 million) related to the approximately 0.8 million (2022 – 0.5 million) shares it indirectly owned and sold as part of this buyback.

As of December 31, 2023, YPL held a combination of LSEG ordinary shares and LSEG limited-voting ordinary shares, with the shares carrying in aggregate an approximate 12% economic interest and a 9% voting interest in LSEG (approximate 30% economic interest and a 24% voting interest as of December 31, 2022).

As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 24.6% (December 31, 2022 – 42.84%) of YPL and indirectly owned approximately 16.0 million (December 31, 2022 – 72.0 million) LSEG shares. Approximately 13.4 million LSEG shares owned by the Company are not subject to call options, but are subject to

the

amended

lock-up

provisions under which it may sell approximately 6.1 million shares between March 2, 2024 and January 29, 2025, and approximately 7.3 million shares

thereafter.

Refer to note 33 for transactions that occurred after December 31, 2023.

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The Company’s share of

post-tax

earnings (losses) in equity method investments as reported in the consolidated income statement is comprised of the following:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
YPL		1,099		(416)
Other equity method investments		(24)		(16)
Total share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		1,075		(432)

The Company’s share of

post-tax

earnings (losses) in its YPL investment was comprised of the following items:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Increase in LSEG share price		785		207
Foreign exchange gains (losses) on LSEG shares		251		(787)
Dividend income		58		87
(Loss) gain from forward contract		(77)		77
Loss from call options		(15)		-
Historical excluded equity adjustment (1)		97		-
YPL - Share of post-tax earnings (losses) in equity method investments		1,099		(416)

(1) Represents income from the recognition of a portion of the cumulative impact of equity transactions that were excluded from the Company’s investment in YPL.

Set forth below is summarized financial information for 100% of YPL:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Mark-to-market of LSEG shares		3,024		(1,354)
Dividend income		154		202
(Loss) gain from forward contract		(179)		179
Loss from call options		(63)		-
Net earnings (loss)		2,936		(973)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		2,936		(973)

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The following table reconciles the net assets attributable to YPL to the Company’s carrying value of its investment in YPL:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets		160		190
Non-current assets		8,036		14,620
Total assets		8,196		14,810
Liabilities
Current liabilities		105		10
Non-current liabilities		236		202
Total liabilities		341		212
Net assets attributable to YPL		7,855		14,598
Net assets attributable to YPL - beginning period		14,598		15,881
Net earnings (loss) attributable to YPL		2,936		(973)
Distribution to owners		(9,679)		(310)
Net assets attributable to YPL - ending period		7,855		14,598
Thomson Reuters % share		24.6%		42.84%
Thomson Reuters $ share		1,927		6,254
Historical excluded equity adjustment (1)		(129)		(226)
Thomson Reuters carrying amount		1,798		6,028

(1) Represents the cumulative impact of equity transactions excluded from the Company’s investment in YPL.

Refer to note 32 for related party transactions with YPL and Elite.

Note 10: Taxation

The components of tax expense for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Current tax expense		805		339
Deferred tax benefit		(388)		(80)
Total tax expense		417		259

Taxes on items recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)” or directly in equity in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Included in Other comprehensive income (loss)
Deferred tax benefit on remeasurement on defined benefit pension plans		-		(43)
Included in Equity
Deferred tax expense on share-based payments		3		28
Current tax benefit on share-based payments		(6)		(4)

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Items affecting tax ex

nse for 2023 and 2022

In 2023, tax expense included $253 million of tax expense (2022 - $124 million of tax benefits) related to the Company’s earnings or losses in equity method investments and $31 million of tax benefits (2022 - $80 million of tax expense) related to other finance costs or income. Tax expense in 2023 also included benefits of $100 million from the remeasurement of deferred tax balances due to changes in applicable statutory tax rates (primarily outside of the U.S.), $82 million from the release of tax reserves due to the settlement of a tax audit and the lapse in statutes of limitation, as well as $77 million of expense related to the sale of a majority stake in Elite. Tax expense in 2022

also

included a charge of $64 million to reflect the Company’s intention to settle a tax dispute with a tax loss carryforward that had been previously recognized as a deferred tax asset on its balance sheet.

The settlement was executed in 2023 per the Company’s intention.

Below is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the Canadian corporate tax rate of 26.5% to the tax expense for 2023 and 2022:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Income before tax		3,063		1,650
Income before tax multiplied by the standard rate of Canadian corporate tax of 26.5%		812		437
Effects of:
Income taxes recorded at rates different from the Canadian tax rate		(314)		(226)
Tax losses for which no benefit is recognized		10		77
Net non-taxable foreign exchange and other gains and losses		35		(86)
Tax expense (benefit) on changes in statutory intercompany investment values		17		(50)
(Recognition) derecognition of tax losses that arose in prior years due to changes in statutory intercompany investment values		(17)		50
Provision for uncertain tax positions		(26)		30
(Recognition) derecognition of tax assets that arose in prior years		(16)		68
Recognition of tax attributes of foreign subsidiaries		(6)		(29)
Impact of changes in tax laws and rates		(100)		(13)
Research and development credits		(12)		(13)
Other adjustments related to prior years		24		6
Withholding taxes		5		4
Other differences		5		4
Total tax expense		417		259

The Company’s

2023 effective income tax rate on earnings from continuing operations was

13.6

% (2022 –

15.7

%). The effective income tax rate in both years was lower than the Canadian corporate income tax rate due significantly to the lower tax rates and differing tax rules applicable to certain of the Company’s operating and financing subsidiaries outside Canada. The Company’s effective tax rate depends on the laws of numerous countries and the provisions of multiple income tax conventions between various countries in which the Company operates. A

% increase in the effective income tax rate would have increased 2023 income tax expense and decreased earnings from continuing operations by approximately $

million.

In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) published rules that are designed to ensure that large multinational enterprises within the scope of the rules pay a minimum level of tax in each jurisdiction where they operate. In general, the rules (hereinafter referred to as the “Pillar Two model rules” or “the rules”) apply a system of

top-up

taxes to bring the enterprise’s effective tax rate in each jurisdiction to a minimum of

15%.

The Company has applied a temporary, mandatory relief from accounting and disclosure of the deferred tax impacts of the Pillar Two model rules (see note 1). The Company has not incurred any current tax expense related to the rules.

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The enactment and implementation of the Pillar Two model rules requires each participating jurisdiction to pass laws pursuant to its legislative process. Based on the OECD’s guidance, a number of jurisdictions have enacted such legislation, and the Company expects that others will follow in 2024. In general, the Company expects most legislation to be effective as of January 1, 2024, regardless of the enactment dates. The Company expects most of its

top-up

tax to arise on earnings generated in Switzerland, where its effective tax rate was approximately

11.5%

in 2023. If the Pillar Two model rules had been in effect for 2023, the Company’s consolidated effective tax rate would have increased by approximately

200 basis points.

Note 11: Discontinued Operations

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $49 million and $(53) million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In both

years

, earnings or losses from discontinued operations, net of tax, were primarily comprised of earnings or losses arising on a receivable balance from LSEG relating to a tax indemnity. The earnings or losses were due to changes in foreign exchange and interest rates.

Note 12: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share was calculated by dividing earnings attributable to common shareholders less dividends declared on preference shares by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and vested deferred share units (“DSUs”) outstanding during the period. DSUs represent common shares that certain employees have elected to receive in the future upon vesting of share-based compensation awards or in lieu of cash compensation.

Diluted earnings per share was calculated using the denominator of the basic calculation described above adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and time-based restricted share units (“TRSUs”).

Earnings used in determining consolidated earnings per share an

d ear

nings per share from continuing operations are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Earnings attributable to common shareholders		2,695		1,338
Less: Dividends declared on preference shares		(5)		(3)
Earnings used in consolidated earnings per share		2,690		1,335
Less: (Earnings) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		(49)		53
Earnings used in earnings per share from continuing operations		2,641		1,388

The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, as well as a reconciliation of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in the basic earnings per share computation to the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in the diluted earnings per share computation, is presented below:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding		463,037,839		483,634,135
Weighted-average number of vested DSUs		137,204		251,366
Basic		463,175,043		483,885,501
Effect of stock options and TRSUs		795,027		1,044,104
Diluted		463,970,070		484,929,605

The impact of the share reduction from the return of capital and share consolidation transaction in June 2023 (see note 25) was factored into the weighted average number of common shares outstanding from the date of the transaction.

There were no share-based compensation awards outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, where the exercise price was greater than the average market price.

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Note 13: Cash and Cash Equivalents



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Cash
Cash at bank and on hand		392		820
Cash equivalents
Money market accounts		906		249
Cash and cash equivalents		1,298		1,069

Of total cash and cash equivalents, $100 million and $81 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were held in subsidiaries which have regulatory restrictions, contractual restrictions or operate in countries where exchange controls and other legal restrictions apply and were therefore not available for general use by the Company.

Note 14: Trade and Other Receivables



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Trade receivables		1,103		1,097
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(21)		(20)
Less: allowance for sales adjustments		(33)		(37)
Net trade receivables		1,049		1,040
Other receivables		73		29
Trade and other receivables		1,122		1,069

The aging of gross trade receivables at each reporting date was as follows:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Current - 30 days		950		950
Past due 31-60 days		31		42
Past due 61-90 days		38		27
Past due 91-180 days		42		37
Past due >180 days		42		41
Balance as of December 31		1,103		1,097

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The change in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of year		20		38
Charges		34		19
Write-offs		(35)		(36)
Disposals of businesses		(1)		-
Translation and other, net		3		(1)
Balance at end of year		21		20

Trade and other receivables are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such as the bankruptcy of the debtor. The potential for such losses is mitigated because customer creditworthiness is evaluated before credit is extended and there is no significant exposure to any single customer.

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Note 15: Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets


	December 31,

	2023		2022
Inventory		20		29
Prepaid expenses		161		159
Current tax receivables		72		68
Deferred commissions		139		146
Other current assets		43		67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		435		469

Note 16: Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:



	Land, Buildings and Building Improvements	Computer Equipment	Furniture, Fixtures and Other Equipment	Total
Cost:
December 31, 2021	923	300	271		1,494
Additions:
Capital expenditures	11	7	6		24
Leases	39	11	2		52
Removed from service	(100)	(41)	(10)		(151)
Translation and other, net	(35)	(10)	(4)		(49)
December 31, 2022	838	267	265		1,370
Additions:
Capital expenditures	19	23	17		59
Leases	65	14	1		80
Acquisitions	1	1	-		2
Removed from service	(70)	(73)	(13)		(156)
Disposals of businesses and property	(64)	(9)	(15)		(88)
Translation and other, net	12	5	12		29
December 31, 2023	801	228	267		1,296
Accumulated depreciation:
December 31, 2021	(567)	(216)	(209)		(992)
Depreciation	(73)	(50)	(17)		(140)
Removed from service	100	41	10		151
Translation and other, net	14	6	5		25
December 31, 2022	(526)	(219)	(211)		(956)
Depreciation	(67)	(33)	(16)		(116)
Removed from service	70	73	13		156
Disposals of businesses and property	56	9	13		78
Translation and other, net	(8)	(3)	-		(11)
December 31, 2023	(475)	(173)	(201)		(849)
Carrying amount:
December 31, 2022	312	48	54		414
December 31, 2023	326	55	66		447

See note 28 for

right-of-use

assets carrying amounts and other related leases disclosures.

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Note 17: Computer Software

Computer software consists of the following:



	Internally Developed	Acquisitions - Business Combinations (1)	Purchased	Total
Cost:
December 31, 2021	4,654	178	86		4,918
Additions	519	87	2		608
Removed from service	(16)	-	(8)		(24)
Disposals of businesses	(91)	-	-		(91)
Translation and other, net	(12)	(1)	-		(13)
December 31, 2022	5,054	264	80		5,398
Additions	472	374	1		847
Removed from service	(190)	(2)	-		(192)
Disposals of businesses	(219)	-	-		(219)
Translation and other, net	23	-	1		24
December 31, 2023	5,140	636	82		5,858
Accumulated amortization:
December 31, 2021	(3,867)	(152)	(77)		(4,096)
Amortization	(440)	(39)	(6)		(485)
Removed from service	16	-	8		24
Disposals of businesses	81	-	-		81
Translation and other, net	9	4	-		13
December 31, 2022	(4,201)	(187)	(75)		(4,463)
Amortization	(437)	(72)	(3)		(512)
Removed from service	190	2	-		192
Disposals of businesses	183	-	-		183
Translation and other, net	(23)	1	-		(22)
December 31, 2023	(4,288)	(256)	(78)		(4,622)
Carrying amount:
December 31, 2022	853	77	5		935
December 31, 2023	852	380	4		1,236

(1) See note 30 for further information on acquired software assets.

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Note 18: Other Identifiable Intangible Assets



	Indefinite Useful Life		Finite Useful Life

	Trade Names		Trade Names		Customer Relationships		Databases and Content		Other		Total
Cost:
December 31, 2021		2,646		130		1,815		638		758		5,987
Acquisitions		-		-		2		-		-		2
Removed from service		-		-		(1)		-		-		(1)
Disposals of businesses		-		-		(5)		-		-		(5)
Translation and other, net		-		-		(44)		(8)		(19)		(71)
December 31, 2022		2,646		130		1,767		630		739		5,912
Acquisitions		-		18		19		-		-		37
Disposals of businesses		-		(14)		(31)		-		-		(45)
Translation and other, net		-		-		27		3		8		38
December 31, 2023		2,646		134		1,782		633		747		5,942

Accumulated amortization:
December 31, 2021		-		(110)		(1,258)		(560)		(728)		(2,656)
Amortization		-		(9)		(64)		(20)		(6)		(99)
Removed from service		-		-		1		-		-		1
Disposals of businesses		-		-		5		-		-		5
Translation and other, net		-		1		29		7		19		56
December 31, 2022		-		(118)		(1,287)		(573)		(715)		(2,693)
Amortization		-		(11)		(63)		(19)		(4)		(97)
Disposals of businesses		-		14		31		-		-		45
Translation and other, net		-		-		(22)		(2)		(8)		(32)
December 31, 2023		-		(115)		(1,341)		(594)		(727)		(2,777)
Carrying amount:
December 31, 2022		2,646		12		480		57		24		3,219
December 31, 2023		2,646		19		441		39		20		3,165

The carrying amount of indefinite-lived trade names as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was comprised of the Reuters and West tradenames in the amounts of $1,939 million and $707 million, respectively.

Due to widespread brand recognition, long history and expected future use, these trade names have been assigned indefinite lives. For purposes of impairment testing, the West trade name was allocated to the Legal Professionals, Corporates and Global Print CGUs as it primarily benefits those CGUs. The Reuters trade name is considered a corporate asset, because it is used in the Company’s name, and therefore its carrying value was compared to the combined excess fair value of all the Company’s CGUs. The Company performed its annual test for impairment as of October 1, 2023. No impairment was recorded. See

note 19.

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Note 19: Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Cost:
Balance as of January 1,		5,869		5,940
Acquisitions		879		104
Disposals of businesses		(104)		(36)
Translation and other, net		75		(139)
Carrying amount as of December 31:		6,719		5,869

Impairment test of goodwill

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2023. No goodwill impairment was recorded as the estimated fair value less costs of disposal of each CGU exceeded their carrying values by a substantial amount. The Company performed the test for each CGU to which goodwill was allocated and monitored by management at the date of the test. The following table shows the carrying amount of goodwill that was tested for impairment by CGU:



Cash-Generating Unit	2023
Legal Professionals		3,682
Corporates		1,432
Tax & Accounting Professionals		1,129
Reuters News		180
Global Print		244

Valuation Techniques

The selection and application of valuation techniques and the determination of significant assumptions requires judgment. As with previous impairment tests, the recoverable value of each CGU was based on fair value less costs of disposal, using a weighted average of the income approach and market approach. IFRS 13,

Fair Value Measurement

, defines fair value as a market-based measurement rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, the fair value of the CGU must be measured using the assumptions that market participants would use rather than those related specifically to the Company. To calculate market participant assumptions, publicly available data was gathered from companies operating in businesses similar to each CGU, which includes key competitors. As certain inputs to the valuation are not based on observable market data, the recoverable value of each CGU is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy.

Income approach

The income approach is predicated upon the value of the future cash flows that a business will generate. The Company used the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method, which involves projecting cash flows and converting them into a present value equivalent through discounting. The discounting process uses a rate of return that is commensurate with the risk associated with the business and the time value of money. This approach requires assumptions about revenue growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures, tax rates and discount rates.

Market approach

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Significant Assumptions

Weighting of Valuation Techniques

The Company weighted the results of the two valuation techniques noted above, consistently applied to each CGU, as follows: 60% income approach/40% market approach. The Company believes that given volatility in capital markets, it is appropriate to apply a heavier weighting to the income approach.

Cash Flow Projections

Cash flow projections were based on the Company’s internal budget. The Company projected cash flows for a period of three years and applied a perpetual growth rate thereafter, as prescribed by IAS 36,

Impairment of Assets

. To project cash flows for the three-year period, the Company considered growth in revenues and costs as well as capital expenditures. In preparing its projections, the Company considered experience, economic trends such as GDP growth and inflation as well as industry and market trends. The projections also considered the expected impact from efficiency initiatives, new product launches, customer retention, as well as the maturity of the markets in which each business operates.

Discount Rate

The Company assumed a discount rate to calculate the present value of its projected cash flows. The discount rate represented a weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”) for comparable companies operating in similar industries as the applicable CGU, based on publicly available information. The WACC is an estimate of the overall required rate of return on an investment for both debt and equity owners and serves as the basis for developing an appropriate discount rate. Determination of the WACC requires separate analysis of the cost of equity and the cost of debt. The cost of equity reflects the long-term risk-free interest rate associated with U.S. Treasury bonds and considers a risk premium based on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows of each CGU.

Tax Rate

The key assumptions used in performing the impairment test, by CGU, are presented below:



Cash-Generating Unit	Perpetual Growth Rate (1)		Discount Rate		Tax Rate
Legal Professionals		2.5%		11.0%		26.6%
Corporates		2.5%		11.0%		26.8%
Tax & Accounting Professionals		3.0%		11.5%		27.6%
Reuters News		2.5%		13.0%		25.0%
Global Print		(5.5%)		11.5%		26.8%

(1) The perpetual growth rate is applied to the final year of cash flow projections.

Results and Sensitivities

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Note 20: Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position were as follows:



December 31, 2023	Assets/(Liabilities) at Amortized Cost		Assets/(Liabilities) at Fair Value through Earnings		Assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income or Loss		Derivatives Used for Hedging (1)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents		392		906		-		-		1,298
Trade and other receivables		1,122		-		-		-		1,122
Other financial assets – current		8		58		-		-		66
Other financial assets – non-current		18		263		98		65		444
Current indebtedness		(372)		-		-		-		(372)
Trade payables (see note 22)		(181)		-		-		-		(181)
Accruals (see note 22)		(798)		-		-		-		(798)
Other financial liabilities – current (2)(3)		(463)		(44)		-		-		(507)
Long-term indebtedness		(2,905)		-		-		-		(2,905)
Other financial liabilities – non-current (4)		(227)		(10)		-		-		(237)
Total		(3,406)		1,173		98		65		(2,070)



December 31, 2022	Assets/(Liabilities) at Amortized Cost		Assets/(Liabilities) at Fair Value through Earnings		Assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income or Loss		Derivatives Used for Hedging (1)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents		820		249		-		-		1,069
Trade and other receivables		1,069		-		-		-		1,069
Other financial assets – current		13		191		-		-		204
Other financial assets – non-current		24		400		61		42		527
Current indebtedness		(1,647)		-		-		-		(1,647)
Trade payables (see note 22)		(237)		-		-		-		(237)
Accruals (see note 22)		(834)		-		-		-		(834)
Other financial liabilities – current (2)(3)		(781)		(31)		-		-		(812)
Long-term indebtedness		(3,114)		-		-		-		(3,114)
Other financial liabilities – non-current (4)		(204)		(29)		-		-		(233)
Total		(4,891)		780		61		42		(4,008)

(1) Derivatives are entered into with specific objectives for each transaction, and are linked to specific assets, liabilities, firm commitments or highly probable forecasted transactions.

(2) Includes lease liabilities of $56 million (2022 - $56 million).

(3) Includes a commitment to repurchase up to $400 million of shares related to the Company’s

pre-defined

plan with its broker to repurchase the Company’s shares during its internal trading blackout period (2022 - $718 million). See note 25.

(4) Includes lease liabilities of $209 million (2022

- $179 million).

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Fair Value

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade payables and accruals approximate their carrying amounts because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of long-term debt and related derivative instruments is set forth below.

Debt and Related Derivative Instruments

Carrying Amounts

Amounts recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position are referred to as “carrying amounts”. The carrying amounts of primary debt are reflected in “Current indebtedness” or “Long-term indebtedness” and the carrying amounts of derivative instruments are included in “Other financial assets” and “Other financial liabilities”, current or long-term, in the consolidated statement of financial position, as appropriate.

Fair Value

The fair value of debt is estimated based on either quoted market prices for similar issues or current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same maturity. The fair value of interest rate swaps is estimated based upon discounted cash flows using applicable current market rates and considering

non-performance

risk.

The following is a summary of debt and related derivative instruments that hedged the cash flows of debt:



	Carrying Amount				Fair Value

December 31, 2023	Primary Debt Instruments		Derivative Instruments (Asset)		Primary Debt Instruments		Derivative Instruments (Asset)
Commercial paper		130		-		130		-
C $ 1,400 , 2.239% Notes, due 2025		1,060		(65)		1,026		(65)
$ 450 , 3.85% Notes, due 2024 (1)		242		-		239		-
$ 500 , 3.35% Notes, due 2026		499		-		482		-
$ 350 , 4.50% Notes, due 2043 (1)		116		-		95		-
$ 350 , 5.65% Notes, due 2043		342		-		346		-
$ 400 , 5.50% Debentures, due 2035		396		-		415		-
$ 500 , 5.85% Debentures, due 2040		492		-		519		-
Total		3,277		(65)		3,252		(65)
Current portion		372
Long-term portion		2,905		(65)



	Carrying Amount				Fair Value

December 31, 2022	Primary Debt Instruments		Derivative Instruments (Asset)		Primary Debt Instruments		Derivative Instruments (Asset)
Commercial paper		1,048		-		1,050		-
C $ 1,400 , 2.239% Notes, due 2025		1,030		(42)		972		(42)
$ 600 , 4.30% Notes, due 2023		599		-		594		-
$ 450 , 3.85% Notes, due 2024 (1)		241		-		235		-
$ 500 , 3.35% Notes, due 2026		497		-		473		-
$ 350 , 4.50% Notes, due 2043 (1)		116		-		89		-
$ 350 , 5.65% Notes, due 2043		342		-		324		-
$ 400 , 5.50% Debentures, due 2035		396		-		379		-
$ 500 , 5.85% Debentures, due 2040		492		-		482		-
Total		4,761		(42)		4,598		(42)
Current portion		1,647
Long-term portion		3,114		(42)

(1) Notes were partially redeemed in October 2018.

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The Company repaid its $600 million, 4.30% notes with cash on hand upon maturity in November 2023. The Company did not issue or repay any notes in 2022.

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

The Company uses

fixed-to-fixed

cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge its currency exposures on indebtedness. These instruments swap Canadian dollar denominated principal and interest payments into U.S. dollars. The critical terms of the swap, such as the timing and amount of cash flows, match the terms of the related indebtedness, creating an economic relationship that is expected to result in a highly effective hedge. To test for hedge ineffectiveness at hedge inception and subsequent reporting periods, the Company performs qualitative tests to confirm that the terms of the instruments have not changed, as well as quantitative tests to assess if the future cash flows of the swap and the indebtedness will offset one another. Ineffectiveness may arise from changes in cross currency basis spreads or the credit risk inherent in the swaps. As the Company’s risk management objective is to mitigate debt-related currency exposures, it seeks to achieve a 1:1 hedge ratio between the notional principal amount of the swaps and the underlying debt exposures, in which all the critical terms of the instruments match.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded swaps outstanding in the consolidated statement of financial position at their fair value, which was an asset of $65 million and $42 million, respectively. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges.

The details of these instruments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are set forth below:


Received	Paid	Hedged Risk	Year of Maturity	Principal Amount
Cash flow hedges
Canadian dollar fixed	U.S. dollar fixed	Foreign exchange	2025	US$999

Currency Risk Exposures

At each reporting date presented, substantially all indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars or had been swapped into U.S. dollar obligations.

The carrying amount of debt, all of which is unsecured, was denominated in the following currencies:



	Before Currency Hedging Arrangements				After Currency Hedging Arrangements

	December 31,				December 31,

	2023		2022		2023		2022
Canadian dollar		1,060		1,030		-		-
U.S. dollar		2,217		3,731		3,212		4,719
		3,277		4,761		3,212		4,719

Interest Rate Risk Exposures

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s notes and debentures (after swaps) pay interest at fixed rates. The weighted-average interest rate including commercial paper borrowings was 4.2% in 2023 (2022 – 4.3%).

Foreign Exchange Contracts

The Company has entered into foreign exchange contracts that are intended to reduce foreign currency risk related to a portion of its indirect investment in LSEG, which is denominated in British pounds sterling. These instruments are not related to changes in the LSEG share price.

During 2023, the Company settled foreign exchange contracts with a notional amount of £2.7 billion ($3.5 billion) for net proceeds of $151 million in conjunction with the sale of 43.8 million of LSEG shares. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had remaining foreign exchange contracts with a notional amount of £1.2 billion or $1.6 billion outstanding (2022 – £3.9 billion or $5.0 billion outstanding). As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s interest in LSEG shares had a market value of approximately $1.9 billion, based on LSEG’s share price on that day (December 31, 2022 – $6.2 billion).

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In 2023, losses of $132 million (2022 – gains of $328 million) were reported within “Other finance (costs) income” in the consolidated income statement due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar – British pounds sterling exchange rate. The Company records the foreign exchange contracts at fair value each reporting period. The associated net fair value of these contracts was an asset of $26 million (December 31, 2022 – asset of $309 million), which was recorded within other financial assets and liabilities, current or long-term as appropriate, in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Fair value gains and losses from derivative financial instruments

Fair value gains and losses from derivative financial instruments recognized in the consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of changes in equity were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023				2022

	Fair Value (Loss) Gain Through Earnings		Fair Value Loss Through Equity		Fair Value Gain (Loss) Through Earnings		Fair Value Gain Through Equity
Foreign exchange contracts		(132)		-		328		-
Hedging instruments:
Cross currency interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges		29		(8)		(75)		17
Forward interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges		1		-		1		-
		(102)		(8)		254		17

Financial Risk Management

The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks including market risk (primarily currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk, as its operations are diverse and global. The Company is also exposed to currency and price risk on its investment in LSEG. A centralized corporate treasury group works to minimize the potential adverse effects from these risks by using hedging strategies, where applicable, as well as associating with high quality financial institutions, limiting exposures to counterparties and ensuring flexible sources of funding. The Chief Financial Officer oversees the overall approach and ensures the use of strict guidelines and internal control processes.

Market Risk

Currency Risk

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars. However, the Company transacts a portion of its business in other currencies and is therefore subject to the effects of foreign currency translation into U.S. dollars as well as currency transaction risk.

The impact of foreign currency translation from changes in exchange rates between 2022 and 2023 had no net impact on consolidated revenues, decreased operating expenses by

1%, and generated $130 million of net translation gains (2022 – $317 million of net translation losses), which were recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity.

Exposure to currency transaction risk is minimized as the Company generally bills customers and incurs operating expenses in the functional currency of the legal entity that records the transaction. However, the Company is exposed to currency transaction risk from the revaluation of

non-permanent

intercompany loans in certain of its legal entities, which impacts earnings. In addition, the indirect investment in LSEG denominated in British pounds sterling exposes the Company to currency risk.

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The table below shows the impact on earnings that a hypothetical 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other foreign currencies would have due to changes in fair values of financial instruments as of December 31, 2023.



Increase (decrease) impact on earnings from:	£		€		C$		Other Currencies		Total
Financial assets and liabilities (1)		1		-		-		3		4
Receivables under indemnification arrangement		(25)		(1)		-		(1)		(27)
Non-permanent intercompany loans		68		16		64		17		165
Indirect investment in LSEG shares		(190)		-		-		-		(190)
Foreign exchange contracts (2)		155		-		-		-		155
Total impact on earnings		9		15		64		19		107

(1) Excludes debt which has been swapped into U.S. dollar obligations.

(2) Represents foreign exchange contracts intended to mitigate currency exposure to LSEG shares.

The Company only uses derivative instruments to reduce foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Canadian dollar borrowings are generally converted to U.S. dollar obligations through currency swap arrangements. Foreign exchange contracts are used to reduce foreign currency risk related to a portion of the Company’s indirect investment in LSEG, which is denominated in British pounds sterling. See “Cross-currency interest rate swaps” and “Foreign Exchange Contracts” sections above within this note. At each reporting date presented, substantially all indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars or had been swapped into U.S. dollar obligations.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, the majority of $1,298 million (2022 – $1,069 million) in cash and cash equivalents was comprised of interest-bearing assets. Based on amounts as of December 31, 2023, a

100-basis

point increase or decrease in interest rates would have increased or decreased annual interest income by approximately $9 million. The Company has no significant exposure to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to long-term borrowings. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s notes and debentures (after swaps) pay interest at fixed rates, and there were no derivatives designated as fair value hedges.

Price Risk

The Company has no significant exposure to price risk from commodities in the normal course of business. The

Company has significant

exposure to price risk from equity securities

to its indirect investment in LSEG, which is subject to variability based on changes in the price of LSEG shares. As of December 31, 2023, the Company indirectly owned 16.0 million (2022 – 72.0 million) LSEG shares which had a market value of approximately $1.9 billion (2022 – $6.2 billion). Based on the number of shares owned as of December 31, 2023, a 10% increase or decrease in the share price of LSEG would increase or decrease share of

post-tax

earnings in equity method investments by approximately $190 million.

Credit Risk

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and derivative financial instruments, as well as credit exposure to customers including outstanding receivables. The Company attempts to minimize credit exposure as follows:

Cash investments are placed with high-quality financial institutions with limited exposure to any one institution. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 93% of cash and cash equivalents were held by institutions that were rated at

“A-“

or higher by at least one of the major credit rating agencies;

Counterparties to derivative contracts are major investment-grade international financial institutions and exposure to any single counterparty is monitored and limited; and

The Company assesses the creditworthiness of its customers.

No allowance for credit losses on financial assets was required as of December 31, 2023, other than the allowance for doubtful accounts (see note 14) and for credit risk associated with receivables under an indemnification arrangement (see “Fair value estimation” section below). Further, no financial or other assets have been pledged.

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The Company’s maximum exposure with respect to credit, assuming no mitigating factors, would be the aggregate of its cash and cash equivalents $1,298 million (2022 – $1,069 million), trade and other receivables $1,122 million (2022 – $1,069 million), derivative financial assets $123 million (2022 – $388 million) and other financial assets $289 million (2022 – $282 million).

The Company is also exposed to credit risk from the guarantee related to its investment in 3 Times Square Associates LLC (“3XSQ Associates”) (see note 31).

Liquidity Risk

A centralized treasury function ensures funding flexibility by assessing future cash flow expectations and by maintaining sufficient capacity under its committed borrowing facilities. Cash flow estimates are based on rolling forecasts of operating, investing and financing flows. Such forecasting also considers account borrowing limits, cash restrictions and compliance with debt covenants.

Cash which is surplus to working capital requirements is invested in money market funds or bank money market deposits with maturities aligned to expected cash needs. As of December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents were $1,298 million. In addition, the Company maintains a commercial paper program, which provides cost-effective and flexible short-term funding, and a $2.0 billion credit facility, which provides additional liquidity, as further described below.

Commercial Paper Program

The Company’s $2.0 billion commercial paper program provides cost effective and flexible short-term funding. The carrying amount of outstanding commercial paper of $130 million is included in “Current indebtedness” within the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – $1,048 million).

Credit Facility

The Company has a $2.0 billion syndicated credit facility agreement which matures in November 2027 and may be used to provide liquidity for general corporate purposes (including acquisitions or support for its commercial paper program). There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Based on the Company’s current credit ratings, the cost of borrowing under the facility is priced at the Term

Secured

Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)/Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURiBOR”)/Simple Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) plus 102.5 basis points. The Company has the option to request an increase, subject to approval by applicable lenders, in the lenders’ commitments in an aggregate amount of $600 million for a maximum credit facility commitment of $2.6 billion. If the Company’s debt rating is downgraded by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, the facility fees and borrowing costs would increase, although availability would be unaffected. Conversely, an upgrade in the Company’s ratings may reduce the facility fees and borrowing costs.

The Company guarantees borrowings by its subsidiaries under the credit facility. The Company must also maintain a ratio of net debt as defined in the credit agreement (total debt after swaps less cash and cash equivalents) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter to EBITDA as defined in the credit agreement (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and other modifications described in the credit agreement) for the last four quarters ended of not more than 4.5:1. If the Company were to complete an acquisition with a purchase price of over $500 million, the Company may elect, subject to notification, to temporarily increase the ratio of net debt to EBITDA to 5.0:1 at the end of the quarter within which the transaction closed and for each of the three immediately following fiscal quarters. At the end of that period, the ratio would revert to 4.5:1. As of December 31, 2023, the Company

complied

with this covenant as its ratio of net debt to EBITDA, as calculated under the terms of its syndicated credit facility, was 0.7:1.

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The tables below set forth

non-derivative

and derivative financial liabilities by maturity based on the remaining period from December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.



December 31, 2023	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
Commercial paper		130		-		-		-		-		-		130
Notes/debentures (1)		242		1,062		500		-		-		1,369		3,173
Interest payable (1)		126		105		84		76		76		867		1,334
Debt-related hedges outflows (2)		22		1,011		-		-		-		-		1,033
Debt-related hedges inflows (1)		(24)		(1,074)		-		-		-		-		(1,098)
Trade payables		181		-		-		-		-		-		181
Accruals		798		-		-		-		-		-		798
Lease liabilities		67		59		47		36		24		91		324
Foreign exchange contracts outflows (3)		1,575		-		-		-		-		-		1,575
Foreign exchange contracts inflows (4)		(1,601)		-		-		-		-		-		(1,601)
Other financial liabilities		419		28		-		-		-		-		447
Total		1,935		1,191		631		112		100		2,327		6,296



December 31, 2022	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Commercial paper		1,050		-		-		-		-		-		1,050
Notes/debentures (1)		600		242		1,033		500		-		1,369		3,744
Interest payable (1)		151		125		105		84		76		943		1,484
Debt-related hedges outflows (2)		22		22		1,011		-		-		-		1,055
Debt-related hedges inflows (1)		(23)		(23)		(1,045)		-		-		-		(1,091)
Trade payables		237		-		-		-		-		-		237
Accruals		834		-		-		-		-		-		834
Lease liabilities		68		52		40		29		21		53		263
Foreign exchange contracts outflows (3)		2,951		2,092		-		-		-		-		5,043
Foreign exchange contracts inflows (4)		(3,118)		(2,233)		-		-		-		-		(5,351)
Other financial liabilities		725		25		-		-		-		-		750
Total		3,497		302		1,144		613		97		2,365		8,018

(1) Represents contractual cash flows calculated using spot foreign exchange rates as of the period then ended.

(2) Represents contractual U.S. dollar cash flows.

(3) Represents contractual cash flows translated at the contract rate.

(4) Represents contractual cash flows calculated using forward foreign exchange rates as of the period then ended.

Capital Management

The Company’s capital management strategy is focused on ensuring that it has the investment capacity to drive revenue growth both organically and through acquisitions, while also maintaining its long-term financial leverage and credit ratings and continuing to provide returns to shareholders.

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities. From time to time, the Company issues commercial paper, borrows under its credit facility and issues debt securities. The Company’s principal uses of cash are for debt repayments, debt servicing costs, dividend payments, capital expenditures, share repurchases and acquisitions. The Company believes that its existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund its expected cash requirements in the normal course of business for the next 12 months.

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Additionally, the Company targets a leverage ratio of net debt, as defined below, to adjusted EBITDA of no more than 2.5x as a measure of its financial flexibility and ability to maintain investment grade credit ratings. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was below its maximum target ratio.

The Company’s investment grade credit ratings provide additional financial flexibility and the ability to borrow to support the operations and growth strategies of the business. The following table sets forth the credit ratings from rating agencies in respect of the Company’s outstanding securities as of December 31, 2023:



	Moody’s	S&P Global Ratings	DBRS Limited	Fitch
Long-term debt	Baa1	BBB	BBB (high)	BBB+
Commercial paper	P-2	A-2	R-2 (high)	F1
Trend/Outlook	Stable	Stable	Stable	Stable

Net debt is defined as total indebtedness (excluding the associated unamortized transaction costs and premiums or discounts) plus the currency related fair value of associated hedging instruments, and lease liabilities less cash and cash equivalents. As the Company hedges some of its debt to reduce risk, the hedging instruments are included in the measurement of the total obligation associated with its outstanding debt. However, because the Company generally intends to hold the debt and related hedges to

maturity

, it does not consider the associated fair value of the interest-related component of hedging instruments in the measurement of net debt.

The following table presents the calculation of net debt:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Current indebtedness		372		1,647
Long-term indebtedness		2,905		3,114
Total debt		3,277		4,761
Swaps		(65)		(42)
Total debt after swaps		3,212		4,719
Remove fair value adjustments for hedges (1)		2		7
Total debt after currency hedging arrangements		3,214		4,726
Remove transaction costs, premiums or discounts included in the carrying value of debt		26		33
Add: Lease liabilities (current and non-current)		265		235
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(1,298)		(1,069)
Net debt		2,207		3,925

(1) Represents the interest-related fair value component of hedging instruments that are removed to reflect net cash outflow upon maturity.

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The following reconciles movements of liabilities to cash flows arising from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:



	Notes and Debentures		Commercial Paper		Derivative Instruments Liabilities (Assets)		Lease Liabilities		Total Liabilities From Financing Activities
December 31, 2021		3,786		-		(99)		261		3,948
Proceeds from commercial paper		-		2,352		-		-		2,352
Repayments of commercial paper		-		(1,310)		-		-		(1,310)
Payments of lease principal		-		-		-		(65)		(65)
Additional leases		-		-		-		56		56
Foreign exchange movements		(75)		-		75		(12)		(12)
Other, net (1)		2		6		(18)		(5)		(15)
December 31, 2022		3,713		1,048		(42)		235		4,954
Repayments of debt		(600)		-		-		-		(600)
Proceeds from commercial paper		-		9,587		-		-		9,587
Repayments of commercial paper		-		(10,543)		-		-		(10,543)
Payments of lease principal		-		-		-		(58)		(58)
Additional leases		-		-		-		80		80
Foreign exchange movements		29		-		(29)		5		5
Other, net (1)		5		38		6		3		52
December 31, 2023		3,147		130		(65)		265		3,477

(1) Includes amortization of transaction and discount costs as well as fair value movements on derivatives.

Fair value estimation

The following fair value measurement hierarchy is used for financial instruments that are measured in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value:


· Level 1 –		quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

· Level 2 –		inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices); and

· Level 3 –		inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs).

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The levels used to determine fair value measurements for those instruments carried at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position are as follows:



December 31, 2023							Total
Assets	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Money market accounts		-		906		-		906
Other receivables (1)		-		-		263		263
Foreign exchange contracts (2)		-		58		-		58
Financial assets at fair value through earnings		-		964		263		1,227
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (3)		33		-		65		98
Derivatives used for hedging (4)		-		65		-		65
Total assets		33		1,029		328		1,390

Liabilities
Foreign exchange contracts (2)		-		(32)		-		(32)
Contingent consideration (5)		-		-		(22)		(22)
Financial liabilities at fair value through earnings		-		(32)		(22)		(54)
Total liabilities		-		(32)		(22)		(54)


December 31, 2022							Total
Assets	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance
Money market accounts		-		249		-		249
Other receivables (1)		-		-		245		245
Foreign exchange contracts (2)		-		346		-		346
Financial assets at fair value through earnings		-		595		245		840
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (3)		19		-		42		61
Derivatives used for hedging (4)		-		42		-		42
Total assets		19		637		287		943

Liabilities
Foreign exchange contracts (2)		-		(37)		-		(37)
Contingent consideration (5)		-		-		(23)		(23)
Financial liabilities at fair value through earnings		-		(37)		(23)		(60)
Total liabilities		-		(37)		(23)		(60)

(1) Receivables under indemnification arrangement (see below and in note 31).

(2) Relates to the management of foreign exchange risk on a portion of the Company’s indirect investment in LSEG.

(3) Investments in entities over which the Company does not have control, joint control or significant influence.

(4) Comprised of

fixed-to-fixed

cross-currency swaps on indebtedness.

(5) Obligations to pay additional consideration for prior acquisitions, based upon performance measures contractually agreed at the time of purchase.

The receivable from the indemnification arrangement is a level 3 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The increase in the receivable between December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 is primarily due to fair value gains based on interest rates associated with the indemnifying party’s credit profile and net foreign exchange gains, which are included within Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the consolidated income statement, partially offset by repayments from LSEG.

The Company recognizes transfers into and out of the fair value measurement hierarchy levels at the end of the reporting period in which the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurred. There were no transfers between hierarchy levels for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Valuation Techniques

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example,

over-the-counter

derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximize the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.

Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:

Quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments;

The fair value of cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign exchange contracts are calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows based on observable yield curves;

The fair value of other receivables considers estimated future cash flows, current market interest rates and

non-performance

risk; and

The fair value of contingent consideration is calculated based on estimates of future revenue performance.

Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

The Company is subject to master netting arrangements with certain counterparties. Certain of these arrangements allow for the netting of assets and liabilities in the ordinary course of business and are reflected on a net basis in the consolidated statement of financial position. In other circumstances, netting is permitted only in the event of bankruptcy or default of either party to the agreement, and such amounts are not netted in the consolidated statement of financial position. The following table sets forth balances that are subject to master netting arrangements, however there were no offsetting amounts as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.


Financial assets	Gross Financial Assets	Gross Financial Liabilities Netted Against Assets	Net Financial Assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position	Related Financial Liabilities Not Netted	Net Amount
Derivative financial assets	123	-	123 (1)	-	123
Cash and cash equivalents	63	-	63 (2)	-	63
December 31, 2023	186	-	186	-	186

Derivative financial assets	388	-	388 (1)	-	388
Cash and cash equivalents	21	-	21 (2)	-	21
December 31, 2022	409	-	409	-	409

Financial liabilities	Gross Financial Liabilities	Gross Financial Assets Netted Against Liabilities	Net Financial Liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position	Related Financial Assets Not Netted	Net Amount
Derivative financial liabilities	32	-	32 (3)	-	32
December 31, 2023	32	-	32	-	32

Derivative financial liabilities	37	-	37 (3)	-	37
December 31, 2022	37	-	37	-	37

(1) Included within “Other financial assets”, current or long-term as appropriate, in the consolidated statement of financial position.

(2) Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” in the consolidated statement of financial position.

(3) Included within “Other financial liabilities”, current or long-term as appropriate, in the consolidated statement of financial position.

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Note 21: Other

Non-Current

Assets



	December 31,

	2023	2022
Net defined benefit plan surpluses (see note 27)	45	48
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	354	337
Deferred commissions	108	121
Other non-current assets (1)	111	113
Total other non-current assets	618	619

(1) Includes a tax receivable from HM Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”) of $91 million and $94 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (see note 31).

Note 22: Payables, Accruals and Provisions



	December 31,

	2023	2022
Trade payables	181	237
Accruals	798	834
Provisions (see note 23)	92	108
Other current liabilities	43	43
Total payables, accruals and provisions	1,114	1,222

Note 23: Provisions and Other

Non-Current

Liabilities



	December 31,

	2023	2022
Net defined benefit plan obligations (see note 27)	535	526
Deferred compensation and employee incentives	74	72
Provisions	71	86
Other non-current liabilities	12	7
Total provisions and other non-current liabilities	692	691

The following table presents the movement in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:



	Employee- Related		Facilities- Related		Other		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021		43		29		129		201
Charges		63		-		3		66
Utilization		(55)		(3)		(13)		(71)
Translation and other, net		1		(3)		-		(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2022		52		23		119		194
Less: short-term provisions		50		3		55		108
Long-term provisions		2		20		64		86
Balance as of December 31, 2022		52		23		119		194
Charges (releases)		55		3		(4)		54
Utilization		(63)		(4)		(17)		(84)
Translation and other, net		1		1		(3)		(1)
Balance as of December 31, 2023		45		23		95		163
Less: short-term provisions		45		2		45		92
Long-term provisions		-		21		50		71

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Employee-related

The employee-related provisions consisted of severance.

Facilities-related

Facilities-related provisions include lease retirement obligations, which arise when the Company agrees to restore a leased property to a specified condition at the completion of the lease period. Lease retirement provisions relate primarily to leases which expire over the next five years.

Other

Other includes provisions related to items such as disposed businesses, legal matters and health care.

Note 24: Deferred Tax

The movements of deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below:



Deferred tax liabilities	Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets		Equity Method Investments		Other		Total
December 31, 2021		526		865		166		1,557
Acquisitions		-		-		14		14
Benefit to income statement - continuing operations		(15)		(162)		(129)		(306)
Translation and other, net		1		-		6		7
December 31, 2022		512		703		57		1,272
Acquisitions		7		-		61		68
(Benefit) expense to income statement - continuing operations		(6)		(400)		21		(385)
Translation and other, net		(6)		(1)		12		5
December 31, 2023		507		302		151		960



Deferred tax assets	Tax Losses and Other Attributes	Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets		Employee Benefits and Compensation		Other		Total
December 31, 2021	267		1,058		175		191		1,691
Acquisitions	4		-		-		-		4
Expense to income statement - continuing operations	(105)		(77)		(8)		(36)		(226)
Benefit to other comprehensive income	-		-		43		-		43
Expense to equity	-		-		(28)		-		(28)
Translation and other, net	10		(2)		3		(2)		9
December 31, 2022	176		979		185		153		1,493
Acquisitions	12		-		-		5		17
Benefit (expense) to income statement - continuing operations	3		-		(6)		6		3
Expense to equity	-		-		(3)		-		(3)
Translation and other, net	(1)		1		1		-		1
December 31, 2023	190		980		177		164		1,511
Net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2022									221
Net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2023									551

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The estimated recovery period for the deferred tax balances, which is based on the classification of the underlying items in the consolidated statement of financial position, is shown below:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered after more than 12 months		957		1,270
Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered within 12 months		3		2
Total deferred tax liabilities		960		1,272

Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months		1,428		1,400
Deferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months		83		93
Total deferred tax assets		1,511		1,493
Net deferred tax asset		551		221

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that the realization of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits and the resolution of uncertain tax positions is probable. The ability to realize these deferred tax benefits is dependent on a number of factors, including the future profitability of operations and the resolution of tax audits in the jurisdictions in which the deferred tax assets arose.

As of December 31, 2023, the following summarizes the Company’s tax losses, certain deductible temporary differences and other tax attributes:


	Carry Forward Loss/ Tax Attributes		Tax Value		Unrecognized Deferred Tax Assets		Net Deferred Tax Assets
Canadian net operating losses		2,094		555		(555)		-
Net operating losses - other jurisdictions		1,711		432		(356)		76
Capital losses		552		140		(109)		31
Investment in subsidiaries		317		77		(77)		-
Other deductible temporary differences		336		89		(89)		-
U.S. state net operating losses (1)		n/m		3		(1)		2
Other attributes and credits (2)		n/a		153		(72)		81
Total		5,010		1,449		(1,259)		190

(1) The aggregation of U.S. state net operating losses is not meaningful due to differing combination and apportionment rules in various states.

(2) As other attributes and credits are calculated on an

after-tax

basis, there is no carry forward loss amount to disclose.

If not utilized, most of the Canadian tax losses and U.S. state tax losses carried forward will expire between 2024 and 2043. Approximately $915 million of the tax losses carried forward in other jurisdictions expire between 2034 and 2039, and the remainder may be carried forward indefinitely.

No deferred tax is recognized on the temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and equity method investments to the extent that the Company can control the timing and reversal of such differences, or the reversal would not create a tax liability. These temporary differences are primarily attributable to the undistributed earnings of

non-Canadian

subsidiaries, which were $14.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 (2022 – $15.8 billion).

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Note 25: Capital

The change in capital, which includes stated capital and contributed surplus, was as follows:



	Number of Common Shares		Stated Capital		Series II, Cumulative Redeemable Preference Share Capital		Contributed Surplus		Total Capital
Balance, December 31, 2021		486,092,864		3,703		110		1,683		5,496
Shares issued under DRIP		263,730		27		-		-		27
Stock compensation plans (1)		1,575,342		168		-		(149)		19
Repurchases of common shares (2)		(11,872,826)		(144)		-		-		(144)
Balance, December 31, 2022		476,059,110		3,754		110		1,534		5,398
Return of capital		(15,781,853)		(2,107)		-		60		(2,047)
Shares issued under DRIP		162,457		21		-		-		21
Stock compensation plans (1)		1,147,749		142		-		(90)		52
Repurchases of common shares (2)		(8,624,631)		(19)		-		-		(19)
Balance, December 31, 2023		452,962,832		1,791		110		1,504		3,405

(1) Movements in contributed surplus include cash payments related to withholding tax on stock compensation plans.

(2) Stated capital was reduced by $11 million and $50

million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company’s pre-defined share repurchase plan. See share repurchases below.

Common shares of the Company have no par value and the authorized common share capital is an unlimited number of shares.

Return of Capital and Share Consolidation

In June

2023, the Company returned approximately $2.0 billion to its shareholders through a return of capital transaction, which was funded from the proceeds of the Company’s dispositions of LSEG shares (see note 9). The transaction consisted of a cash distribution of $4.67 per common share and a share consolidation, or “reverse stock split”, at a ratio of 1

pre-consolidated

share for 0.963957 post-consolidated shares. Shareholders who were subject to income tax in a jurisdiction other than Canada were given the opportunity to

opt-out

of the transaction. The share consolidation was proportional to the cash distribution and the share consolidation ratio was based on the volume weighted-average trading price of the shares on the NYSE for the five-trading day period immediately preceding June 23, 2023, the effective date for the return of capital transaction. Woodbridge, our principal shareholder, participated in this transaction. As a result of the share consolidation, the Company’s outstanding common shares were reduced by 15.8 million common shares.

Dividends

Dividends on common shares are declared in U.S. dollars. In the consolidated statement of cash flow, dividends paid on common shares are shown net of amounts reinvested in the Company under its DRIP. Due to administrative complexities, the Company temporarily suspended its DRIP for any dividend payable in advance of the return of capital transaction, and paid such dividends in cash. The Company resumed the DRIP after the completion of the return of capital transaction. Details of dividends declared per common share and dividends paid on common shares are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Dividends declared per common share	$	1.96	$	1.78
Dividends declared		908		861
Dividends reinvested		(21)		(27)
Dividends paid		887		834

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Registered holders of common shares may participate in the DRIP, under which cash dividends are automatically reinvested in new common shares. Common shares are valued at the weighted-average price at which the shares traded on the TSX during the five trading days immediately preceding the record date for the dividend.

Share Repurchases – Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”)

The Company buys back shares (and subsequently cancels them) from time to time as part of its capital strategy. On November 1, 2023, the Company announced that it plans to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of its common shares. This new buyback program is in addition to the $2.0 billion repurchase program the Company completed in

the first quarter of

2023. Share repurchases are typically executed under a NCIB. Shares

are

repurchased for the new buyback program under a renewed NCIB, which was approved by the TSX and effective on November 1, 2023. Under the renewed NCIB up to 10 million common shares may be repurchased between November 3, 2023 and November 2, 2024. The Company may repurchase common shares in open market transactions on the TSX, the NYSE and/or other exchanges and alternative trading systems, if eligible, or by such other means as may be permitted by the TSX and/or NYSE or under applicable law, including private agreement purchases or share purchase program agreement purchases if the Company receives, if applicable, an issuer bid exemption order in the future from applicable securities regulatory authorities in Canada for such purchases. The price that the Company will pay for common shares in open market transactions will be the market price at the time of purchase or such other price as may be permitted by the TSX.

Details of share repurchases were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Share repurchases (millions of U.S. dollars)		1,079		1,282
Shares repurchased (number in millions)		8.6		11.9
Share repurchases - average price per share in U.S. dollars	$	125.07	$	107.99

Decisions regarding any future repurchases will depend on certain factors, such as market conditions, share price, and other opportunities to invest capital for growth. The Company may elect to suspend or discontinue share repurchases at any time, in accordance with applicable laws. From time to time when the Company does not possess material nonpublic information about itself or its securities, it may enter into a

pre-defined

plan with its broker to allow for the repurchase of shares at times when the Company ordinarily would not be active in the market due to its own internal trading blackout periods, insider trading rules or otherwise. Any such plans entered into with the Company’s broker will be adopted in accordance with applicable Canadian securities laws and the requirements of Rule

10b5-1

under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company entered into such a plan with its broker on December 28, 2023. As a result, the Company recorded a $400 million liability in “Other financial liabilities” within current liabilities as of December 31, 2023 with a corresponding amount recorded in equity in the consolidated statement of financial position (December 31, 2022 – $718 million).

Series II, Cumulative Redeemable Preference Shares

The authorized preference share capital of the Company is an unlimited number of preference shares without par value. The directors are authorized to issue preference shares without par value in one or more series, and to determine the number of shares in, and terms attaching to, each such series. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 6,000,000 Series II, cumulative redeemable preference shares were authorized, issued and outstanding. The Series II preference shares are

non-voting

and are redeemable at the option of the Company for C$25.00 per share, together with accrued dividends. Dividends are payable quarterly at an annual rate of 70% of the Canadian bank prime rate applied to the stated capital of such shares.

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Note 26: Share-Based Compensation

The Company operates equity-settled compensation plans under which

receives services from employees

consideration for equity instruments of the Company. Each plan is described below:

Stock Incentive Plan

Under its stock incentive plan, the Company may grant stock options, TRSUs, performance restricted share units (“PRSUs”) and other awards to certain employees for a maximum of up to 69,150,969 common shares. As of December 31, 2023, there were 8,459,523 awards available for grant (2022 – 9,069,475). The following table summarizes

the

methods used to measure fair value for each type of award and the related vesting period over which compensation expense is recognized:



			Equity-settled

Type of award	Vesting period	Fair Value Measure	Compensation expense based on:
Stock options	Up to four years	Black-Scholes option pricing model	Fair value on business day prior to grant date
TRSUs	Up to five years	Closing common share price	Fair value on business day prior to grant date
PRSUs	Three-year performance period	Closing common share price	Fair value on business day prior to grant date

Additional information on each type of award is as follows:

Stock Options

The maximum term of an option is 10 years from the grant date. Under the plan, options may be granted by reference to the Company’s common share price on the NYSE or TSX.

The weighted-average fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and principal assumptions used in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022
Weighted-average fair value ($)		25.93		15.69
Weighted-average of key assumptions:
Share price ($)		121.16		102.00
Exercise price ($)		121.16		102.00
Risk-free interest rate		4.2%		1.6%
Dividend yield		2.1%		2.4%
Volatility factor		22%		21%
Expected life (in years)		5		5

The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions. The model requires the use of subjective assumptions, including expected stock-price volatility. Historical data has been considered in setting the assumptions.

Time-Based Restricted Share Units (TRSUs)

TRSUs give the holder the right to receive one

common share for each unit that vests on the vesting date. The holders of TRSUs have no voting rights and accumulate additional units based on notional dividends paid by the Company on its common shares on each dividend payment date, which are reinvested as additional TRSUs. The weighted-average fair value of TRSUs granted was $125.92 and $104.64 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Performance Restricted Share Units (PRSUs)

PRSUs give

the holder the right to receive one common share for each unit that vests on the vesting date. The holders of PRSUs have no voting rights and accumulate additional units based on notional dividends paid by the Company on its common shares on each dividend payment date, which are reinvested as additional PRSUs. The percentage of PRSUs initially granted that vests depends upon the Company’s performance, typically over a three-year period, against

pre-established

performance goals. Between 0% and 200% of the initial amounts may vest for grants made from 2021 through 2023. The weighted-average fair value of PRSUs granted was $121.13 and $101.98 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)

The Company maintains an ESPP whereby eligible employees can purchase common shares at a 15% discount to the closing share price on the NYSE on the last business day of each quarter. Each quarter, employees may elect to authorize payroll deductions from their eligible compensation, up to a maximum of $21,250 per year (or a comparable amount in foreign currency for the global ESPP). The discount is expensed as incurred. A maximum of 20,388,909 common shares can be purchased through the ESPP.

The movement in the number of awards outstanding and their related weighted-average exercise prices are as follows:



	Stock Options		TRSUs		PRSUs		Total		Weighted- Average Exercise Price($) (1)
Awards outstanding (in thousands):
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		2,598		1,614		949		5,161		65.11
Granted		384		668		321		1,373		102.00
Exercised		(893)		(736)		(395)		(2,024)		49.10
Forfeited		(181)		(156)		(77)		(414)		85.75
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		1,908		1,390		798		4,096		78.06
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022		695		-		-		695		69.05
Granted		245		446		244		935		121.16
Exercised		(734)		(693)		(283)		(1,710)		68.66
Forfeited		(85)		(125)		(116)		(326)		99.68
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023		1,334		1,018		643		2,995		89.76
Exercisable as of December 31, 2023		546		-		-		546		77.32

(1) Represents the weighted-average exercise price for stock options. TRSUs and PRSUs are excluded as they entitle holders to receive common shares upon vesting without an associated exercise price.

In 2023, the weighted-average share price at the time of exercise for the awards described above was $123.23 per share (2022

–

$106.46).

Share-based compensation expense for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:



	Stock Options	TRSUs	PRSUs	ESPP	Total
December 31, 2023	5	47	25	6	83
December 31, 2022	5	54	23	3	85

Relative to the share-based awards outstanding as of December 31, 2023, the Company expects to pay approximately $109 million as of December 31, 2023 (2022 – $108 million) to tax authorities for employee withholding tax liabilities when these awards are exercised in the future.

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The following table summarizes additional information relating to stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2023:



Range of exercise prices (1)	Number Outstanding (in thousands)	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price for Awards Outstanding	Number Exercisable (in thousands)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price for Awards Exercisable
35.01 - 40.00	36	4	$39.49	36	$39.49
50.01 - 55.00	50	5	$54.36	50	$54.36
75.01 - 80.00	477	5	$75.96	282	$75.96
85.01 - 90.00	279	7	$88.87	118	$88.87
100.01 - 105.00	264	8	$102.00	60	$102.00
120.01 - 125.00	228	9	$121.17	-	$121.17
Total	1,334			546

(1) TRSUs and PRSUs are excluded as they entitle holders to receive common shares upon vesting without an associated exercise price.

Note 27: Employee Benefit Plans

Retirement Benefits

The Company sponsors both defined benefit and defined contribution employee future benefit plans covering substantially all employees. Costs for future employee benefits are accrued over the periods in which employees earn the benefits. Defined benefit plans provide pension and other post-employment benefits (“OPEB”) to covered employees. Significant plans are valued under IAS 19,

Employee Benefits

, using the projected unit credit method.

The most significant funded defined benefit plans are the Thomson Reuters Group Pension Plan (“TRGP”), covering U.S. employees, and The Thomson Corporation PLC Pension Scheme (“TTC”), covering U.K. employees. The TRGP and TTC plan were frozen from future service accruals effective January 1, 2023 and July 1, 2021, respectively. Except where required by law, virtually all defined benefit plans are closed to new employees. The Company also has unfunded obligations consisting of supplemental executive retirement plans (“SERPs”) and OPEB consisting largely of retiree medical benefits, both primarily in the U.S. Defined benefit obligations in the rest of the world are less significant.

Defined benefit plan design and governance

Benefits are generally based on salary and years of service, although each plan has a unique benefits formula. The normal retirement age is typically in the range of 60 to 65 years and benefits are generally payable in annuity or lump sum upon retirement. Most plans include provisions for early retirement, death, survivor and disability benefits. Under the TTC plan, vested benefits of former employees who are not yet of retirement age are held in deferment. Under the TRGP, former and future terminating employees with vested benefits have the option to receive benefits as a lump sum or to defer benefits until retirement. In addition, future TRGP retirees may receive benefits in lump sum or annuity. Eligible benefits under the TTC plan increase based on inflation, whereas TRGP benefits are not indexed to inflation. In some countries, the Company operates cash balance plans (accounted for as defined benefit obligations) where the accumulated balance on the pension account is based on employee and employer allocations and a promised annual crediting rate.

The TRGP is a qualified pension plan in the U.S. and is governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). In its role as plan fiduciary, the Company has a policy to contribute at least the minimum required amount under ERISA.

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Similar to the TRGP, the Company bears the cost of the TTC plan (less employee contributions). However, the responsibility for the management and governance of the TTC plan lies with an independent trustee board (the “Trustees”). The Trustees are responsible for carrying out triennial valuations (unless circumstances require an earlier review) and securing funding for benefit payments. To develop funding valuations and investment policies, the Trustees consult with the plan’s actuary (who is independent of the Company’s actuary), the plan’s investment advisors (also independent of the Company’s investment advisors) and the Company. The Trustees and the Company are required to agree on a schedule of contributions in support of funding objectives. These arrangements are updated in conjunction with the triennial valuations.

Other international locations operate various pension plans in accordance with local regulations and practices.

Net defined benefit plan obligations

The movement on net defined benefit plan obligations was as follows:



	Pension Plans (1)				OPEB (1)				Total (1)

	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
As of January 1		(397)		(171)		(81)		(96)		(478)		(267)
Plan expense recognized in income statement:		(42)		(54)		(5)		(3)		(47)		(57)
Actuarial (losses) gains		(9)		(173)		9		11		-		(162)
Exchange differences		2		(25)		-		1		2		(24)
Contributions paid		28		26		5		6		33		32
Net plan obligations as of December 31		(418)		(397)		(72)		(81)		(490)		(478)
Net plan surpluses recognized in non-current assets										45		48
Net plan obligations recognized in non-current liabilities										(535)		(526)

(1) Includes amounts for immaterial defined benefit and OPEB plans that are not included in the detailed analysis below.

Analysis of material defined benefit plans

The following analysis relates to the Company’s most significant defined benefit plans, the largest of which are in the U.S. and the U.K.

The net surpluses (obligations) of the material defined benefit plans recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position were as follows:



	Funded				Unfunded (1)				OPEB				Total

As of December 31,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Present value of plan obligations		(2,606)		(2,502)		(231)		(227)		(50)		(58)		(2,887)		(2,787)
Fair value of plan assets		2,421		2,337		-		-		-		-		2,421		2,337
Net plan obligations		(185)		(165)		(231)		(227)		(50)		(58)		(466)		(450)
Net plan surpluses		39		44		-		-		-		-		39		44
Net plan obligations		(224)		(209)		(231)		(227)		(50)		(58)		(505)		(494)

(1) Unfunded pension plans consist of SERPs.

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Defined benefit obligation

The following summarizes activity in the defined benefit obligation:



Present Value of Defined Benefit Obligations	Funded				Unfunded				OPEB				Total

As of December 31,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Opening defined benefit obligation		(2,502)		(3,658)		(227)		(295)		(58)		(72)		(2,787)		(4,025)
Current service cost		(3)		(35)		(1)		(1)		(1)		(1)		(5)		(37)
Administration fees		(15)		(7)		-		(1)		-		-		(15)		(8)
Interest cost		(126)		(92)		(12)		(8)		(3)		(2)		(141)		(102)
Actuarial (losses) gains from changes in financial assumptions (1)		(88)		1,104		(6)		55		8		11		(86)		1,170
Actuarial gains (losses) from changes in demographic assumptions		37		(32)		-		-		3		-		40		(32)
Experience losses		(19)		(57)		(6)		(1)		(3)		-		(28)		(58)
Contributions by employees		(2)		(2)		-		-		(2)		(2)		(4)		(4)
Benefits paid		142		191		22		22		6		8		170		221
Administration fees disbursements		15		7		-		-		-		-		15		7
Exchange differences		-		115		-		2		-		-		-		117
Other		(45)		(36)		(1)		-		-		-		(46)		(36)
Closing defined benefit obligation		(2,606)		(2,502)		(231)		(227)		(50)		(58)		(2,887)		(2,787)

(1) Losses in 2023 were primarily associated with a decrease in discount rates used to measure the obligation. Gains in 2022 were primarily associated with an increase in discount rates used to measure the obligation.

The total closing defined benefit obligation can be further analyzed by participant group and by geography.



As of December 31,	2023		2022		As of December 31,	2023		2022
Active employees		21%		24%	U.S.		70%		72%
Deferred		35%		35%	U.K.		25%		24%
Retirees		44%		41%	Rest of world		5%		4%
Closing defined benefit obligation		100%		100%			100%		100%

The weighted-average duration of plan obligations for the TRGP and TTC in 2023 was 13 years (2022 – 13 years) and 14 years (2022 – 14 years),

respectively.

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Plan assets

The following summarizes activity in plan assets:



Fair Value of Plan Assets	Funded				Unfunded				OPEB				Total

As of December 31,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Opening fair value of plan assets		2,337		3,790		-		-		-		-		2,337		3,790
Interest income (1)		117		92		-		-		-		-		117		92
Return on plan assets excluding amounts included in interest income (2)		70		(1,244)		-		-		-		-		70		(1,244)
Contributions by employer		6		4		22		22		4		6		32		32
Contributions by employees		2		2		-		-		2		2		4		4
Benefits paid		(142)		(191)		(22)		(22)		(6)		(8)		(170)		(221)
Administration fees disbursements		(15)		(7)		-		-		-		-		(15)		(7)
Exchange differences		46		(146)		-		-		-		-		46		(146)
Other		-		37		-		-		-		-		-		37
Closing fair value of plan assets		2,421		2,337		-		-		-		-		2,421		2,337

(1) Interest income is calculated using the discount rate for the period.

(2) Return on plan assets represents the difference between the actual return on plan assets and the interest income computed using the discount rate.

Investment policy of funded plans

Plan assets are invested to adequately secure benefits and to minimize the Company’s long-term contributions to the plans. However, specific investment allocations will vary across plans. The Company funds unfunded and OPEB plans as claims are made.

Plan fiduciaries, comprised of the Company, plan trustees, or third-party investment advisors selected by the Company set investment policies and strategies for each funded plan and oversee investment allocation, which includes selecting investment managers, commissioning periodic asset-liability studies and setting long-term strategic targets. Investment allocation considers various factors including the funded status of the plan, a balance between risk and return, the plan’s liquidity needs, current and expected economic and market conditions, specific asset class risk as well as the risk profile and maturity pattern of the respective plan.

Target investment allocation ranges are guidelines, not limitations. Funded plans may have broadly diversified portfolios with investments in equities, fixed income, real estate, insurance contracts, derivatives and other asset classes through direct ownership or through other instruments such as mutual funds, commingled funds and hedge funds. Derivatives may be used to achieve investment objectives or as a component of risk management such as for interest rate and currency management strategies.

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In aggregate, the major categories of plan assets for funded plans were as follows:



	Quoted (1)				Unquoted				Total

As of December 31,	2023		2022 )		2023		2022		2023		2022
Equities (2)		-		134		507		266		507		400
Bonds (3)
Corporate		-		-		575		764		575		764
Government		-		-		333		349		333		349
Other fixed income		-		-		258		255		258		255
Total Bonds		-		-		1,166		1,368		1,166		1,368
Multi-asset (4)		-		-		131		138		131		138
Derivatives		-		-		242		172		242		172
Cash and cash equivalents		51		45		220		175		271		220
Other		3		6		101		33		104		39
Total		54		185		2,367		2,152		2,421		2,337

(1) Asset valuation based on Level 1 evidence under the fair value hierarchy: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(2) Equities include direct shareholdings and funds focused on equity strategies.

(3) Bonds include direct credit holdings and funds focused on fixed income strategies. Within this grouping, Government includes debt issued by national, state and local government agencies and Other fixed income includes blended Corporate/Government credit strategies.

(4) Multi-asset includes funds that invest in a range of asset classes.

These portfolios are diversified in terms of geographic distribution and market sectors. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no Thomson Reuters securities held in the Company’s pension plans’ assets.

Contributions

In 2023 and 2022, the Company contributed $

million and $

million, respectively, to its material defined benefit plans.

In 2024, the Company expects to contribute approximately $

million to its material defined benefit plans, of which $

million will be in accordance with the normal funding policy of funded plans and $

million will be for claims expected to arise under unfunded and OPEB plans.

From time to time, the Company may elect to make voluntary contributions to improve the funded status of the plans. For certain plans, the trustees have the right to call for special valuations, which could subsequently result in the Company having to make an unexpected contribution. Market-related factors may also affect the timing and amount of contributions. The amount and timing of any future required contributions to pension plans could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates as of December 31, 2023.

Actuarial assumptions

The weighted-average actuarial assumptions were as follows:



	Funded		Unfunded		OPEB

As of December 31,	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022
Discount rate	4.86%	5.18%	5.06%	5.37%	4.95%	5.30%
Inflation assumption	2.95%	3.13%	2.70%	2.70%	-	-
Rate of increase in pension payments	2.87%	2.96%	2.76%	2.76%	-	-
Medical cost trend	-	-	-	-	7.00%	7.30%

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Discount rate

The discount rate was based on current market interest rates of high-quality, fixed-rate debt securities adjusted to reflect the duration of expected future cash outflows for pension benefit payments. To estimate the discount rate, the Company used a hypothetical yield curve that represented yields on high quality

zero-coupon

bonds with durations that mirrored the expected payment stream of the benefit obligation. For the TRGP and the TTC plans combined, a 0.25% increase or decrease in the discount rate would have decreased or increased the defined benefit obligation by approximately $79 million as of December 31, 2023.

Rates of inflation and pension payments

Medical cost trend

The medical cost trend is based on the Company’s actuarial medical claims experience and future projections of medical costs. The average medical cost trend rate used was 7.0% for 2023, which is reduced gradually to 4.8% in 2034. A 1% increase or decrease in the trend rate would have resulted in an increase or decrease in the benefit obligation for post-retirement benefits of approximately $3 million as of December 31, 2023.

Mortality assumptions

The mortality assumptions used to assess the defined benefit obligation as of December 31, 2023 are based on the following:

TRGP:

Pri-2012/MP-2021

Generational Table; and

TTC plan: SAPS S3 Light Tables with allowances for plan demographic specifics and longevity improvements.

The following table illustrates the life expectation in years of an average plan participant retiring at age 65 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and a plan participant at age 40 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 retiring 25 years later at age 65 under the mortality assumptions used.



December 31, 2023	Life Expectation in Years

	Male	Female
Employee retiring as of December 31, 2023 at age 65	22	23
Employee age 40 as of December 31, 2023 retiring at age 65	24	25



December 31, 2022	Life Expectation in Years

	Male	Female
Employee retiring as of December 31, 2022 at age 65	22	23
Employee age 40 as of December 31, 2022 retiring at age 65	24	25

The sensitivity analyses are based on a change in one assumption while holding all other assumptions constant, so that interdependencies between assumptions are excluded. The measurement methodology (i.e. present value of the obligation calculated using the projected unit credit method) applied in the sensitivity analyses is also consistent with that used to determine the defined benefit obligation in the consolidated statement of financial position.

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Risks and uncertainties

The material risks and uncertainties the Company is exposed to in relation to defined benefit pension plans are:

Investment risk:

Returns on plan assets may not be sufficient to fund plan obligations. To mitigate such risk, plan fiduciaries maintain investment policies and periodically review investment allocations to ensure adequate support of funding objectives. Additionally, plan fiduciaries review fund manager performance against benchmarks for specific investment mandates.

Interest rate risk:

Although a significant amount of plan assets are allocated to fixed income investments that employ a liability-matching strategy to materially hedge against interest rate risk, the Company’s funded benefit plans do not perfectly track movements in liabilities within its liability-hedging strategies. As a result, changes across the interest rate curve may require the Company to make additional contributions. Diversified asset allocations mitigate this risk by creating the potential to outperform changes in liabilities and to reinvest excess returns in liability matching assets, reducing the need for Company contributions.

Inflation risk:

Actual pension increases linked to inflation may exceed expectations, resulting in higher than anticipated plan obligations. To mitigate this risk, certain plan assets are invested in hedging assets, which may include derivatives and inflation-linked bonds.

Currency risk:

In some plans, obligations denominated in local currency may be partially funded by foreign investments. To hedge this currency mismatch, derivatives may be used.

Liquidity risk:

If a plan has insufficient cash to fund near term benefit payments, the Company may have to make additional contributions or unexpected changes in asset allocations may be required. This risk is mitigated as near-term pension payments are reasonably known and plans generally hold short-term debt securities to fund such payments.

Mortality risk:

Life expectancy may improve at a faster rate than expected, resulting in higher plan obligations. To mitigate this risk, life expectancy assumptions are reviewed in connection with periodic valuations.

For defined benefit retiree medical plans, the material risks are mortality risk, as described above, and costs being greater than assumed, either due to inflation of future medical costs or the frequency of participants’ claims.

Analysis of income and expense

Defined benefit plan expense (income) for material defined benefit plans for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:



Income Statement (1)	Funded		Unfunded		OPEB		Total

Year ended December 31,	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022
Current service cost	3	35	1	1	1	1	5	37
Net interest cost	9	-	12	8	3	2	24	10
Administration fees	15	7	-	1	-	-	15	8
Defined benefit plan expense	27	42	13	10	4	3	44	55

(1) Current service cost and administration fees are included in the “Post-employment benefits” component of “Operating expenses” as set out in note 5. Net interest cost is reported in “Finance costs, net” as set out in note 8.

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Analysis of other comprehensive loss (income)

The following summarizes amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss (income) for material defined benefit plans:



Other Comprehensive Loss (Income)	Funded		Unfunded		OPEB		Total

Year ended December 31,	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022
Remeasurement losses (gains) on defined benefit obligation:
Due to financial assumption changes	88	(1,104)	6	(55)	(8)	(10)	86	(1,169)
Due to demographic assumption changes	(37)	32	-	-	(3)	-	(40)	32
Due to experience	19	57	6	1	3	-	28	58
Return on plan assets greater than discount rate	(70)	1,244	-	-	-	-	(70)	1,244
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income) before taxation	-	229	12	(54)	(8)	(10)	4	165



Accumulated Comprehensive Loss (Income)	Funded		Unfunded		OPEB		Total

	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022
Balance of accumulated comprehensive loss (income) as of January 1	1,317	1,088	44	98	(114)	(104)	1,247	1,082
Net actuarial losses (gains) recognized in the year	-	229	12	(54)	(8)	(10)	4	165
Total accumulated comprehensive loss (income) as of December 31,	1,317	1,317	56	44	(122)	(114)	1,251	1,247

Defined contribution plans

The Company sponsors various defined contribution savings plans that provide for Company matching contributions. Total expense related to defined contribution plans was $92 million in 2023 (2022 – $95 million), which approximates the cash outlays related to the plans.

Note 28: Leases

Lessee

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into leases primarily for property and equipment.

The carrying amount and the related depreciation for the

right-of-use

assets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:



	Land, Buildings and Building Improvements		Computer Equipment		Furniture, Fixtures and Other Equipment		Total
Year ended December 31, 2023
Carrying amount		173		20		2		195
Depreciation		42		8		1		51
Year ended December 31, 2022
Carrying amount		147		13		3		163
Depreciation		44		8		1		53

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash outflows for leases, which include payments of lease principal, interest, short-term and low value leases, were $73 million and $76 million, respectively.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s future aggregate undiscounted

non-cancellable

lease payments over the lease term as well as its discounted lease liabilities as reported in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:



	December 31,

	2023		2022
Within 1 year		67		68
Between 1 and 2 years		59		52
Between 2 and 3 years		47		40
Between 3 and 4 years		36		29
Between 4 and 5 years		24		21
Later than 5 years		91		53
Total undiscounted cash flows		324		263
Lease liabilities included in the consolidated statement of financial position
Current		56		56
Non-current		209		179

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was committed to leases with future cash outflows totaling $82 million and $67 million, respectively, which had not yet commenced and therefore are not accounted for as a liability as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A liability and corresponding

right-of-use

asset will be recognized for these leases at the lease commencement date.

With certain leases, the Company guarantees the restoration of the leased property to a specified condition after completion of the lease period. The liability associated with these restorations is recorded within “Provisions and other

non-current

liabilities” in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Note 29: Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Details of “Other” in the consolidated statement of cash flow are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023	2022
Non-cash employee benefit charges	139	160
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange and derivative financial instruments	195	(441)
Fair value adjustments (see note 5)	2	(19)
Other	(38)	24
	298	(276)

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Details of “Changes in working capital and other items” are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023	2022
Trade and other receivables	(83)	(28)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	51	(2)
Other financial assets	-	42
Payables, accruals and provisions	(166)	(137)
Deferred revenue	74	75
Other financial liabilities	-	(42)
Income taxes (1)	642	146
Other	(61)	(46)
	457	8

(1) Both periods include current tax liabilities that were recorded on the sale of LSEG shares (see note 9), for which the tax payments are included in investing activities.

Details of income

taxes

paid are as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023	2022
Operating activities - continuing operations	(163)	(193)
Investing activities - continuing operations	(705)	(7)
Investing activities - discontinued operations (1)	(1)	(16)
Total income taxes paid	(869)	(216)

(1) Reflects payments made to HMRC in 2022 (see note 31).

In 2023, the Company received refunds of $36 million related to payments previously made for notices of assessment under the Diverted Profit Tax regime, of which $10 million was received directly from HMRC and $26 million was received from LSEG under an indemnity arrangement. In 2022, the Company paid $85 million related to notices of assessment under the Diverted Profit Tax regime, of which $31 million was paid directly to HMRC and $54 million was paid to LSEG under an indemnity arrangement. LSEG remitted the payments it received under the indemnity to HMRC on the Company’s behalf. The payments made directly to, and refunds received from HMRC were included as income taxes paid in the consolidated statement of cash flow. The payments made directly to, and refunds received from LSEG were presented in operating activities from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of cash flow and were not included as taxes paid. See note 31.

Note 30: Acquisitions

Acquisitions primarily comprise the purchase of all the equity interests of the businesses acquired, which are integrated into existing operations of the Company to broaden its offerings to customers as well as its presence in global markets. The results of acquired businesses are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Acquisitions also include asset acquisitions and investments in businesses in which the Company does not have a controlling

interest.

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Acquisition activity

The number of acquisitions completed, and the related consideration were as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023		2022

	Number of Transactions	Cash Consideration	Number of Transactions	Cash Consideration
Businesses acquired	4	1,225	2	153
Less: Cash acquired		(35)		(2)
Businesses acquired, net of cash	4	1,190	2	151
Investments in businesses	9	21	6	28
Asset acquisitions (1)	-	-	1	8
Deferred and contingent consideration payments	-	5	-	4
	13	1,216	9	191

(1) The year ended December 31, 2022 includes acquisitions of computer software of which $

million was paid in cash and $

million was recorded as a financial liability.

The following provides a brief description of the most significant acquisitions completed during 2023 and 2022:



Date	Company	Acquiring Segments	Description
August 2023	Casetext, Inc.	Legal Professionals	A business that uses AI and ML to enable legal professionals to work more efficiently.
July 2023	Imagen Ltd	Reuters News	A media asset management company.
January 2023	SurePrep LLC	Corporates and Tax & Accounting Professionals	A provider of tax automation software and services.
April 2022	ThoughtTrace	Corporates	A business that uses AI and ML to read, organize and manage document workflows.

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Purchase price allocation

Purchase price allocations related to certain acquisitions may be subject to adjustment pending completion of final valuations.

The details of net assets acquired were as follows:



	December 31,

	2023				2022 (1)

	Sureprep LLC	Casetext, Inc.	Other	Total	Total
Cash and cash equivalents	25	8	2	35	2
Trade receivables	8	1	3	12	3
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3	2	1	6	1
Current assets	36	11	6	53	6
Property and equipment	2	-	-	2	-
Computer software	180	185	9	374	74
Other identifiable intangible assets	13	17	7	37	2
Other non-current assets	1	-	-	1	-
Total assets	232	213	22	467	82
Payables and accruals	(5)	(3)	(5)	(13)	(1)
Deferred revenue	(47)	(5)	(3)	(55)	(4)
Current liabilities	(52)	(8)	(8)	(68)	(5)
Provisions and other non-current liabilities	(1)	-	(1)	(2)	-
Other financial liabilities	-	-	-	-	(18)
Deferred tax	(9)	(38)	(4)	(51)	(10)
Total liabilities	(62)	(46)	(13)	(121)	(33)
Net assets acquired	170	167	9	346	49
Goodwill	343	490	46	879	104
Total	513	657	55	1,225	153
Businesses acquired, net of cash	488	649	53	1,190	151

(1) The Company’s consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022 has been adjusted to reflect the completion of a purchase price allocation related to a 2022 acquisition. This adjustment increased computer software and decreased goodwill by $13 million, respectively.

The excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and reflects synergies and the value of the acquired workforce. Relative to acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022, the majority of goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Other

The revenues and operating profit of acquired businesses were not material to the Company’s results of operations.

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Note 31: Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees

Lawsuits and legal claims

The Company is engaged in various legal proceedings, claims, audits and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. These matters include, but are not limited to, employment matters, commercial matters, privacy and data protection matters, defamation matters and intellectual property infringement matters. The outcome of all the matters against the Company is subject to future resolution, including uncertainties of litigation. Litigation outcomes are difficult to predict with certainty due to various factors, including but not limited to: the preliminary nature of some claims; uncertain damage theories and demands; an incomplete factual record; uncertainty concerning legal theories and procedures and their resolution by the courts, at both trial and appellate levels; and the unpredictable nature of opposing parties. Based on information currently known to the Company and after consultation with outside legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition taken as a whole.

Uncertain tax positions

As a result, the Company maintains provisions for uncertain tax positions that it believes appropriately reflect its risk. These provisions are made using the Company’s best estimates of the amount expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. When appropriate, the Company performs an expected value calculation to determine its provisions. The Company reviews the adequacy of these provisions at the end of each reporting period and adjusts them based on changing facts and circumstances. Due to the uncertainty associated with tax audits, it is possible that at some future date, liabilities resulting from such audits or related litigation could vary significantly from the Company’s provisions. However, based on currently enacted legislation, information currently known by the Company and after consultation with outside tax advisors, management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition taken as a whole.

Through December 31, 2023, the Company paid $430 million of tax as required under notices of assessment issued by the U.K. tax authority, HM Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”), under the Diverted Profits Tax (“DPT”) regime that collectively related to the 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 taxation years of certain of its current and former U.K. affiliates. The Company does not believe these current and former U.K. affiliates fall within the scope of the DPT regime. Because the Company believes its position is supported by the weight of law, it intends to vigorously defend its position and will continue contesting these assessments through all available administrative and judicial remedies. As the assessments largely relate to businesses that the Company has sold, the majority are subject to indemnity arrangements under which the Company has been required to pay additional taxes to HMRC or the indemnity counterparty.

The Company does not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition taken as a whole. Payments made by the Company are not a reflection of its view on the merits of the case. As the Company expects to receive refunds of substantially all of the aggregate of amounts paid pursuant to these notices of assessment, it expects to continue recording substantially all of these payments as

non-current

receivables from HMRC or the indemnity counterparty, in its financial statements.

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Guarantees

The Company has an investment in 3XSQ Associates, an entity jointly owned by a subsidiary of the Company and Rudin Times Square Associates LLC (“Rudin”), that owns and operates the 3 Times Square office building (“the building”) in New York, New York. In June 2022, 3XSQ Associates obtained a $

415

million,

3-year

% of (i) certain principal loan amounts and (ii) interest and operating costs. Thomson Reuters and Rudin also jointly and severally guarantee (i) completion of commenced works and (ii) lender losses arising from disallowed acts, environmental or otherwise. To minimize economic exposure to

% for the joint and several obligations, Thomson Reuters and a parent entity of Rudin entered into a cross-indemnification arrangement. The Company believes the value of the building is expected to be sufficient to cover obligations that could arise from the guarantees. The guarantees do not impact the Company’s ability to borrow funds under its $

2.0

billion syndicated credit facility or the related covenant

calculation.

Dispositions

In certain disposition agreements, the Company guarantees to the purchaser the recoverability of certain assets or limits on certain liabilities, including as in the “Uncertain tax positions” section above. The Company does not believe based upon current facts and circumstances described that additional payments in connection with these transactions would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition taken as a whole.

Unconditional purchase obligations

The Company has various obligations for materials, supplies, outsourcing and other services contracted in the ordinary course of business.

The future unconditional purchase obligations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:



	December 31,

	2023	2022
Within 1 year	374	342
Between 1 and 2 years	258	225
Between 2 and 3 years	123	135
Between 3 and 4 years	42	42
Between 4 and 5 years	11	2
Later than 5 years	-	2
	808	748

Note 32: Related Party Transactions

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s principal shareholder, Woodbridge, beneficially owned approximately 69% of the Company’s common shares.

Transactions with Woodbridge

From time to time, in the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions with Woodbridge and certain of its affiliates. These transactions involve providing and receiving product and service offerings and are not material to the Company’s results of operations or financial condition either individually or in the aggregate.

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In 2023, the Company sold two wholly owned Canadian subsidiaries to a company affiliated with Woodbridge for $

million. The subsidiaries’ assets consisted of accumulated tax losses that management did not expect to utilize against future taxable income prior to their expiry based on currently enacted Canadian tax law. As such, no tax benefit for the losses had been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Under Canadian law, certain losses may only be transferred to related companies, such as those affiliated with Woodbridge. The proceeds were recorded as gains within “Other operating gains, net” in the consolidated income statement. For each of these transactions, the board of directors’ Corporate Governance Committee obtained an independent fairness opinion. The Company utilized each independent fairness opinion to determine that the negotiated price between the Company and Woodbridge was reasonable. After reviewing these matters, the Corporate Governance Committee approved these transactions. Directors who were not considered independent because of their positions with Woodbridge refrained from deliberating and voting on the matters at the committee meetings.

Transactions with YPL

In 2023, the Company received $5.3 billion of dividends from YPL related to the sale of LSEG shares indirectly owned by the Company. See note 9 for further details about these transactions.

In 2022, the Company received dividends from YPL of $87 million reflecting the Company’s portion of dividends related to its LSEG investment and $43 million in connection with YPL’s participation in LSEG’s share buyback program (see note 9).

Transactions with 3XSQ Associates

In 2023, the Company paid $5 million (2022 – $6 million) of rent to 3XSQ Associates, an equity method investment, for office space in the 3 Times Square building in New York, New York related to a lease through December 2028.

In 2022,

the Company contributed $10 million in cash pursuant to capital calls and made a $15 million

in-kind

contribution representing the fair value of guarantees provided in connection with a $415 million loan facility obtained by 3XSQ Associates (see note 31).

Transactions with Elite

In June 2023, the Company sold a majority interest in its Elite business to TPG and retained a 19.9% minority interest with board representation. To facilitate the separation, the Company agreed to provide certain operational services to Elite, including technology and administrative services, for a specified period. From the date of the sale through December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $8 million as contra-expense related to these transactions.

Transactions with other associates

From time to time, the Company enters into transactions with other associates. These transactions typically involve providing or receiving services in the normal course of business and are not material to the Company’s results of operations or financial condition either individually or in the aggregate.

Compensation of key management personnel

Key management personnel compensation, including directors, was as follows:



	Year ended December 31,

	2023	2022
Salaries and other benefits	23	24
Share-based payments	17	17
Total compensation	40	41

Key management personnel are comprised of the Company’s directors and executive

officers.

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Note 33

: Subsequent Events

Acquisitions

In January 2024, the Company announced a recommended public tender offer to acquire 100% of the shares of Pagero, a provider of electronic-invoicing and indirect tax solutions. As of March

, 2024, the Company owned approximately

99.46

% of Pagero, for which it paid approximately $

800

million. The Company will consolidate Pagero in its financial statements from January 17, 2024, the date at which it acquired a majority of the business, and will report the business in its Corporates segment.

In January

2024

, the Company acquired World Business Media Limited, a cross-platform, subscription-based provider of editorial content for the global P&C and specialty (re)insurance industry. This business will be reported in the Reuters News segment.

For both acquisitions, the Company is in the process of allocating the purchase consideration to the assets and liabilities assumed for accounting purposes.

Sale of LSEG Shares

From January 1, 2024 through March 5, 2024, the Company sold 10.1 million LSEG shares that it indirectly owned for approximately $1.1 billion. As of March 5, 2024, the Company indirectly owned approximately 5.9 million shares, which are subject to amended lock-up provisions that allow it to sell all of the remaining shares after January 29, 2025.

2024 Dividends

In February 2024, the Company announced a 10% or $0.20 per share increase in the annualized dividend to $2.16 per common share, which was approved by the Company’s board of directors. A quarterly dividend of $0.54 per share will be paid on March 8, 2024 to shareholders of record as of February 21, 2024.

Share Repurchases

From January 1, 2024 through March

, 2024, the Company repurchased

1.7 million of its common shares for $260 million under the $1.0 billion share buyback program announced in November 2023. Under this program, the Company has repurchased approximately $0.6 billion of its common shares.

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Executive Officers and Directors

Executive Officers

The following individuals are our executive officers as of March

, 2024.



Name	Age	Title

Steve Hasker	54	President & Chief Executive Officer

Michael Eastwood	57	Chief Financial Officer

Kirsty Roth	48	Chief Operations & Technology Officer

David Wong	39	Chief Product Officer

Ragunath Ramanathan	52	President, Legal Professionals

Elizabeth Beastrom	56	President, Tax & Accounting Professionals

Laura A. Clayton	63	President, Corporates

Paul Bascobert	59	President, Reuters News

Mary Alice Vuicic	56	Chief People Officer

Norie Campbell	52	Chief Legal Officer & Company Secretary


		Steve Hasker has been President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of Thomson Reuters since March 2020. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in February 2020, he was Senior Advisor to TPG Capital, a private equity firm, from August 2019 to February 2020. Prior to that, he was Chief Executive Officer of CAA Global, a TPG Capital portfolio company, from January 2018 to August 2019. Steve served as Global President and Chief Operating Officer of Nielsen Holdings PLC from December 2015 to December 2017 and prior to that served as Nielsen’s President, Global Products from November 2009 to January 2014. Steve spent more than a decade with McKinsey & Company as a partner in the Global Media, Entertainment and Information practice from 1998 to 2009. Before joining McKinsey, Steve spent five years in several financial roles in the United States and other countries. Steve started his career with PwC, where he qualified as a chartered accountant. Steve has an undergraduate economics degree from the University of Melbourne and received an MBA and master’s in international affairs from Columbia University. Steve is also a non-executive director of Appen Limited. He is a member of the Australia and New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants. Steve is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Michael Eastwood has been Chief Financial Officer of Thomson Reuters since March 2020. Mike joined Thomson in 1998 and has had several senior finance roles. Mike was previously Senior Vice President and Head of Corporate Finance from January 2016 to March 2020. Prior to that, he was Chief Operations Officer for Thomson Reuters Latin America from April 2014 to December 2015. Mike was also previously Chief Financial Officer of the company’s former Intellectual Property & Science business (which was sold in 2016). Mike received a BSA in Accounting from East Carolina University and an MBA from the University of North Carolina. Mike is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Kirsty Roth has been Chief Operations and Technology Officer since August 2020. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters, Kirsty was Global Head of Operations and a Group General Manager for HSBC from May 2016 to August 2020. Before that, Kirsty was Chief Operating Officer for Finance, Operations and IT at Credit Suisse from 2011 to 2016 and a Consulting Partner with Deloitte from 2001 to 2011. Kirsty received a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from the University of Bristol. Kirsty resides in Zug, Switzerland.

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		David Wong has been Chief Product Officer since July 2020. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters, David worked at Facebook as Product Management Lead from January 2019 to June 2020 and Product Manager from February 2018 to January 2019. David served as SVP of Product Leadership of Nielsen Holdings PLC from November 2014 to February 2018 and prior to that, served as Nielsen’s VP of Product Leadership from May 2011 to November 2014. David was also a consultant at McKinsey & Company from August 2006 to March 2011. He holds a degree in Engineering Science from the University of Toronto, where he specialized in applied physics and electrical engineering. David resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Ragunath (Raghu) Ramanathan has been President, Legal Professionals since February 2024. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in February 2024, Raghu held several roles with SAP from August 2004 to February 2024, including most recently as their Chief Revenue Officer of SAP Business Technology Platform from February 2021 to February 2024 and Global Chief Operating Officer, SAP Business Technology Platform from April 2019 to February 2021. Raghu currently serves on the board of directors Syniti, a global leader in enterprise data management. He holds a bachelor’s degree in engineering from Coimbatore Institute of Technology in India and an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad. Raghu is based in New York, New York, United States.

		Elizabeth Beastrom has been President, Tax & Accounting Professionals since March 2021. Prior to that, Elizabeth was President, Global Print from July 2018 through March 2021. From April 2018 through July 2018, Elizabeth led the FindLaw business as Managing Director. Prior to that, she was Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance – Large and Medium Law Firms, Corporate Counsel and Legal Managed Services from August 2013 to April 2018. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in December 2004, she was Finance Director at Valspar. She holds a bachelor’s degree in accounting from the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management. Elizabeth resides in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States.

		Laura A. Clayton (professionally known as Laura Clayton McDonnell) has been President, Corporates since March 2023. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in March 2023, Laura was Senior Vice President, Sales – East, Canada and Latin America from January 2019 through February 2023 at ServiceNow, Inc., a cloud computing platform that helps companies manage digital workflows for enterprise operations. From November 2015 through December 2018, Laura was a Vice President at Microsoft Corporation, leading a team of industry sales, technical and business professionals in the New York area. Prior to that, she was Senior Vice President, North America Sales at Aspect Software from May 2014 through October 2015. From 2003 through 2014, Laura served in a number of positions at IBM, with her last role as Vice President, Strategic Services. She currently serves on the public board of directors of Zuora, Inc. a cloud-based subscription management platform provider. Laura holds a bachelor’s degree with honors in international business from San Jose State University and a JD and MBA in international business and finance from the University of California at Berkeley. She is licensed to practice law in the State of California and the District of Columbia. Laura resides in New York, New York, United States.

		Paul Bascobert has been President of Reuters News since September 2022. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in September 2022, he was the CEO of Blue Ocean Acquisition Corp, a special purpose acquisition company focused on media, marketplace and tech platform businesses from April 2021 to September 2022. Prior to that, he was CEO of Gannett Co., Inc from August 2019 to July 2020. Paul served as President of XO Group, a U.S. based media and technology company from September 2016 to May 2019 and prior to that served as President of Yodle Inc. from May 2014 to September 2016. Paul also served as President of Bloomberg Businessweek and Head of Business Operations for the newly created Bloomberg Media Group from December 2009 to May 2014, as well as Senior Vice President of Operations and then Chief Marketing Officer at Dow Jones from January 2006 to December 2009. Paul has a degree in electrical engineering from Kettering University and an M.B.A. in Finance from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Paul resides in New York, New York, United States.

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		Mary Alice Vuicic has been Chief People Officer since November 2017. Previously, Mary Alice served as the Global Chief Human Resources Officer for L Brands, a portfolio of retail brands, from October 2015 to October 2017. Before that, Mary Alice was Executive Vice President, Human Resources & Labour Relations at Loblaw Companies Ltd. from March 2014 to May 2015 and she was Chief Administrative Officer & Executive Vice President at Shoppers Drug Mart from January 2007 to March 2014 prior to its acquisition by Loblaw Companies Ltd. Mary Alice has also held senior executive roles at Walmart. Mary Alice is a Trustee on the Thomson Reuters Foundation Board and is an Advisory Board Member on the Good Jobs Institute. She has also served as a director of the Business Development Bank of Canada where she chaired the Human Resources Committee for eight years. She has a BA degree from the University of Windsor, an Advanced HR Certificate from the University of Toronto and completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School. Mary Alice resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Norie Campbell has been Chief Legal Officer & Company Secretary since September 2023. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in September 2023, she held a number of executive-level roles at TD Bank Group from December 2000 to April 2022. Most recently, she served as Group Head & General Counsel from March 2020 to April 2022. Prior to that she served as Group Head Customer & Colleague Experience from November 2017 to March 2020 and Group Head and Chief General Counsel from April 2013 to November 2017. Norie serves as a director of the Rideau Hall Foundation. She has Bachelor of Laws and Master of Laws degrees from Osgoode Hall Law School. Norie resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Directors

The names, municipalities and countries of residence, offices and principal occupations of our directors as of March 6, 2024 are shown below. Each director has been a director since the year indicated below. All of our directors have been engaged for more than five years in their present principal occupations or in other capacities within Thomson Reuters, except where noted below. Each director will continue to hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders (scheduled to be held on June 5, 2024) or until the director resigns or a successor is elected or appointed.

All of our directors were elected at our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders.

Committee Memberships

Name

Age

Audit

Corporate

Governance

Human

Resources

Risk

Director

Since

David Thomson, Chairman

1988

Steve Hasker

2020

Kirk E. Arnold

•

Chair

2020

W. Edmund Clark, C.M.

•

Chair

2015

LaVerne Council

•

2022

Michael E. Daniels

•

Chair

•

2014

Kirk Koenigsbauer

•

2020

Deanna Oppenheimer

•

2020

Simon Paris

•

2020

Kim M. Rivera

•

2019

Barry Salzberg

Chair

•

2015

Peter J. Thomson

•

1995

Beth Wilson

•

2022



		David Thomson is Chairman of Thomson Reuters. He is also a Chairman of Woodbridge, the Thomson family investment company, and Chairman of The Globe and Mail Inc., a Canadian media company. David is an active private investor with a focus on real estate and serves on the boards of several private companies. David has an MA from Cambridge. David resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Steve Hasker has been President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of Thomson Reuters since March 2020. Prior to joining Thomson Reuters in February 2020, he was Senior Adviser to TPG Capital, a private equity firm, from August 2019 to February 2020. Prior to that, he was Chief Executive Officer of CAA Global, a TPG Capital portfolio company, from January 2018 to August 2019. Steve served as Global President and Chief Operating Officer of Nielsen Holdings PLC from December 2015 to December 2017 and prior to that served as Nielsen’s President, Global Products from November 2009 to January 2014. Steve spent more than a decade with McKinsey & Company as a partner in the Global Media, Entertainment and Information practice from 1998 to 2009. Before joining McKinsey, Steve spent five years in several financial roles in the United States and other countries. Steve started his career with PwC, where he qualified as a chartered accountant. Steve has an undergraduate economics degree from the University of Melbourne and received an MBA and master’s in international affairs from Columbia University. Steve is also a non-executive director of Appen Limited. He is a member of the Australia and New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants. Steve is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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		Kirk E. Arnold has an advisor to General Catalyst growth companies since 2018, where she works with management teams to help scale and drive growth by providing mentorship, operational and strategic support. She was previously Chief Executive Officer of Data Intensity, LLC, a cloud-based data, applications and analytics managed service provider, from 2013 to 2017. Prior to that, Kirk was Chief Operating Officer of Avid, a technology provider in the media industry, and Chief Executive Officer and President of Keane, Inc., then a publicly traded global services provider. She has also held senior leadership roles at Computer Sciences Corp., Fidelity Investments and IBM. In addition, she was founder and Chief Executive Officer of NerveWire, a management consulting and systems integration provider. She is a non-executive director of IngersollRand plc and Trane Technologies. Kirk also serves on the boards of several private companies. In addition, she is a Senior Lecturer at MIT Sloan School of Management and an advisor to the Center for MIT Entrepreneurship. Kirk received a bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College. Kirk resides in Kennebunk, Maine, United States.

		W. Edmund Clark, C.M. is a corporate director. Ed served as Group President and Chief Executive Officer of TD Bank Group from 2002 until his retirement in 2014. Ed was inducted as a Companion of the Canadian Order of the Business Hall of Fame in 2016. In 2014, Ed was elected to the Board of Trustees of the Brookings Institute. He is also Chair of the Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence. He is also a non-executive director of Spin Master Corp. Ed has a BA from the University of Toronto, and an MA and Doctorate in Economics from Harvard University. Ed has also received honorary degrees from Mount Allison University, Queen’s University, Western University and the University of Toronto. In 2010, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, one of the country’s highest distinctions. Ed resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		LaVerne Council is the Chief Executive Officer of Emerald One, LLC, an information technology consulting company focused on helping businesses develop innovative methodologies for driving change and transformation. She was the National Managing Principal, Enterprise Technology Strategy & Innovation, for Grant Thornton LLP from 2017 to 2019 and served as the Senior Vice President and General Manager for MITRE Corporation in 2017. LaVerne was Assistant Secretary for the Office of Information & Technology and Chief Information Officer for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs from 2015 to 2017. She was the Chief Executive Officer of Council Advisory Services, LLC from 2012 through 2015. LaVerne has also held significant corporate leadership roles focused on supply chain, IT centralization and integration. She served as the Corporate Vice President and Global Chief Information Officer for Johnson & Johnson from 2006 through 2011. Before that, she served in several roles of increasing responsibility at DELL, Inc. from 2000 to 2006, including as the Global Vice President, Information Technology, Global Business Solutions, and Development Services. She is also a non-executive director of CONMED Corporation and Concentrix Corporation. She received her Master of Business Administration from Illinois State University and her Bachelor of Business Administration in Computer Science from Western Illinois University. LaVerne also holds an honorary Doctorate of Business Administration from Drexel University. LaVerne resides in Great Falls, Virginia, United States.

		Michael E. Daniels is a corporate director. In 2013, Mike retired as Senior Vice President and Group Executive IBM Services after 36 years with the company where he directed IBM’s consulting, systems integration, application management, cloud computing and outsourcing services around the globe. Mike also held a number of senior leadership positions in his career at IBM, including General Manager of Sales and Distribution Operations of the Americas as well as leading Global Services in the Asia Pacific region. He is also a non-executive director of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Johnson Controls International plc. Corporation. Mike has a bachelor’s degree in political science from Holy Cross College. Mike resides in Hilton Head, South Carolina, United States.

		Kirk Koenigsbauer has been Chief Operating Officer & Corporate Vice President, Experiences and Devices Group at Microsoft Corporation since February 2020. From December 2016 to February 2020, he was Corporate Vice President, Microsoft 365 and from July 2012 to November 2016, he was Corporate Vice President, Office Apps Engineering, at Microsoft. Prior to that, he was Corporate Vice President, Office Product Management at Microsoft from June 2002 to July 2012. Kirk worked at Amazon.com from 1998 to 2001 where he held the roles of General Manager, Software & Video Games Stores and Director of Product Management, Auctions. Kirk also worked at Microsoft from 1992 to 1998 and as a consultant at Accenture from 1989 to 1991. Kirk has a bachelor’s degree from Colby College. Kirk resides in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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		Deanna Oppenheimer is the founder of CameoWorks, LLC, a global firm that advises leaders of early stage companies and consultancies. Deanna founded CameoWorks in 2012. From 2005 to 2011, she served in a number of roles at Barclays PLC, first as chief executive of UK Retail and Business Banking and then as vice chair of Global Retail Banking. From 1985 to 2005, Deanna served in a number of positions at Washington Mutual, Inc., with her last role as president of Consumer Banking. She is also the non-executive chair of the board of directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and a non-executive director of Slalom and is the founder of BoardReady, a not-for-profit, collective group of diverse senior leaders dedicated to increasing corporate and board diversity. Deanna received a BA from the University of Puget Sound. Deanna resides in Seattle, Washington, United States.

		Simon Paris is Chief Executive Officer of Finastra, a global financial technology (fintech) provider. He joined Finastra (previously Misys) as president in 2015 and also served as its Chief Sales Officer, before being appointed Deputy CEO in 2017 and CEO in 2018. Simon previously worked at SAP from 2007 to 2015, where he held a number of senior leadership positions. Simon was also previously a senior consultant with McKinsey & Company. He currently chairs the World Trade Board, an organization initiated by Finastra that is made up of global leaders, innovative thinkers, industry influencers and subject matter experts from the different corners of trade, finance and commerce. He is also a member of the board of directors of Everbridge, Inc. Simon holds a BA from the European Business School and an MBA from INSEAD. Simon resides in London, United Kingdom.

		Kim M. Rivera is the Chief Legal and Business Affairs Officer of One Trust, LLC, a privacy, security and governance management software company. She was Special Advisor to the CEO of HP Inc. from February 2021 through December 2021. Prior to that, Kim was President, Strategy and Business Management and Chief Legal Officer at HP Inc. from January 2019 through January 2021. As President, Strategy and Business Management, she led corporate strategy and development, customer support, indirect procurement, real estate and workplace functions. In addition, Kim managed HP Inc.’s worldwide legal organization, including all aspects of legal and governmental affairs, brand security, compliance and ethics. She served as Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel of HP Inc. from November 2015 to January 2019. Prior to joining HP Inc., Kim was the Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary for DaVita HealthCare Partners where she was employed from 2010 to 2015. Prior to that, she served as the Chief Compliance Officer and Head of International Legal Services at The Clorox Company and Chief Litigation Counsel for Rockwell Automation, as well as General Counsel for its Automation Controls and Information Group. She is also a member of the board of directors of Cano Health, Inc. Kim has a bachelor’s degree from Duke University and a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School. Kim resides in Woodside, California, United States.

		Barry Salzberg is a corporate director. Barry served as the Global Chief Executive Officer of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited from 2011 until his retirement in 2015. He joined Deloitte in 1977 and his roles included Chief Executive Officer and Managing Partner of the firm’s U.S. operations. Barry serves as a director at Embark intermediate Holdings, LLC. Barry has previously served as a board member of New Profit, Inc. and previously served as Chairman of the United Way Worldwide, Chairman of the board of College Summit and Chairman of the board of the YMCA of Greater New York. From July 2015 until June 2018, he was a Professor at Columbia Business School. Barry has a BS in Accounting from Brooklyn College, a JD from Brooklyn Law School, and an LLM in Taxation from the New York University School of Law. Barry resides in New York, New York, United States.

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		Peter J. Thomson is a Chairman of Woodbridge, the Thomson family investment company. Peter is an active private equity investor and serves on the boards of several private companies. Peter has a BA from the University of Western Ontario. Peter resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

		Beth Wilson has been Chair of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada since October 2023. Prior to that, she was the Vice-Chair of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada from October 2021 to October 2023. She is the former Chief Executive Officer of Dentons Canada LLP and was a member of the global leadership team, serving on the Global Board and Global Management Committee from July 2017 to January 2022. Prior to this role, Beth was an audit partner at KPMG from 2000 to 2016 and served as Managing Partner at KPMG in the Greater Toronto Area from 2009 to 2016. Between 2005 and 2016, she also served as a member of KPMG’s Management Committee in various leadership positions, including Canadian Managing Partner Community Leadership, Canadian Managing Partner Regions and Enterprise with responsibility for 24 regional offices across Canada, and Chief Human Resources Officer. Beth is currently a trustee at The Hospital for Sick Children, and a director at Woodgreen Foundation, and Traferox Technologies Inc. She is also a non-executive director at IGM Financial Inc. and Power Corporation of Canada. Beth has a BComm from the University of Toronto and is a CPA. Beth resides in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Audit Committee

The Audit Committee comprises Barry Salzberg (Chair), LaVerne Council, Michael E. Daniels, Deanna Oppenheimer, Simon Paris, Kim M. Rivera and Beth Wilson. The Audit Committee is comprised entirely of independent directors. All members of the Audit Committee are financially literate in accordance with applicable Canadian and U.S. securities rules. Barry Salzberg and Beth Wilson each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” (within the meaning of applicable SEC rules) and meet applicable tests for accounting or related financial management expertise within the meaning of NYSE listing standards. Biographies for each member of our Audit Committee are included earlier in this section of the annual report.

The following is a brief summary of the education and experience of each member of the Audit Committee that is relevant to the performance of his or her responsibilities, including any education or experience that has provided the member with an understanding of the accounting principles we use to prepare our financial statements.



Audit Committee Member		Education/Experience
Barry Salzberg (Chair)		• Former Global Chief Executive Officer of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited • Former Professor at Columbia Business School • Degree in accounting from Brooklyn College, a JD from Brooklyn Law School and an LLM in tax from the New York University
LaVerne Council		• MBA and bachelor’s degree in business administration • Member of CONMED Corporation and Concentrix Corporation boards of directors and audit committees
Michael E. Daniels		• Over 25 years of executive experience at IBM • Former member of the Tyco International Ltd. audit committee • Member of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Johnson Controls International plc boards of directors
Deanna Oppenheimer		• Former Vice Chair of Global Retail Banking of Barclays PLC • Former President of Consumer Banking of Washington Mutual, Inc. • Former member of AXA Global Insurance audit committee • Former member of NCR Corporation audit committee
Simon Paris		• Chief Executive Officer of Finastra • Chair of the World Trade Board • Member of Everbridge, Inc. board of directors
Kim M. Rivera		• Chief Legal and Business Affairs Officer of One Trust, LLC • Former President, Strategy and Business Management and Chief Legal Officer of HP Inc. • Supported audit committees of two publicly-traded Fortune 500 companies
Beth Wilson		• Chair of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada • Audit Committee Chair at The Hospital for Sick Children and Woodgreen Foundation • Member of Power Corporation of Canada and IGM Financial Inc. audit committees • Bachelor of Commerce degree from University of Toronto and a Certified Professional Accountant in good standing with the Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario • Former Chief Executive Officer of Dentons Canada LLP • Former audit partner and Managing Partner at KPMG

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Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table sets forth fees related to services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and its affiliates in 2023 and 2022.



(in millions of U.S. dollars)		2023		2022

Audit fees	$	12.8	$	11.9

Audit-related fees		1.0		2.0

Tax fees		1.4		1.3

All other fees		–		–

Total	$	15.2	$	15.2

The following are descriptions of fees for services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in 2023 and 2022.

Audit Fees

These audit fees were for professional services rendered for the audits of consolidated financial statements, reviews of interim financial statements included in periodic reports, audits related to internal control over financial reporting, statutory audits and services that generally only the independent auditor can reasonably provide, such as comfort letters and consents. These services included French translations of our financial statements, MD&A and financial information included in our interim and annual filings and prospectuses and other offering documents.

Audit-related Fees

These audit-related fees were for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the financial statements and are not reported under the “audit fees” category above. These services included transaction due diligence, system

pre-post

implementation reviews, other attestation engagements, licensing of technical research material, audits of various employee benefit plans and agreed-upon procedures principally related to executive compensation reporting.

Tax Fees

Tax fees were for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services included the preparation and review of corporate tax returns, assistance with tax audits and transfer pricing matters, advisory services relating to federal, state, provincial and international tax compliance, and restructurings, mergers and acquisitions and divestitures.

All Other Fees

Fees disclosed in the tables above under the item “all other fees” were for services other than the audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees described above.

Pre-Approval

Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee has adopted a policy regarding its

pre-approval

of all audit and permissible

non-audit

services provided to our company by the independent auditors.

The policy gives detailed guidance to management as to the specific types of services that have been

pre-approved

by the Audit Committee.

The policy requires the Audit Committee’s specific

pre-approval

of all other permitted types of services that have not already been

pre-approved.

The Audit Committee’s charter allows the Audit Committee to delegate to one or more members the authority to evaluate and approve engagements in the event that the need arises for approval between Audit Committee meetings. Pursuant to this charter provision, the Audit Committee has delegated this authority to its Chair. If the Chair approves any such engagements, he must report his approval decisions to the full Audit Committee at its next meeting.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, none of the fees of Thomson Reuters described above made use of the de minimis exception to

pre-approval

provisions as provided for by

Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C)

of SEC

Regulation S-X

and Section 2.4 of the Canadian Securities Administrators’ Multilateral Instrument

52-110

(Audit Committees).

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Woodbridge

As of March 4, 2024, Woodbridge beneficially owned approximately 69% of our common shares and is the principal and controlling shareholder of Thomson Reuters.

Woodbridge, a private company, is the primary investment vehicle for members of the family of the late Roy H. Thomson, the first Lord Thomson of Fleet. Woodbridge is a professionally managed company that, in addition to its controlling interest in Thomson Reuters, has other substantial investments.

Prior to his passing in 2006, Kenneth R. Thomson controlled our company through Woodbridge. He did so by holding shares of a holding company of Woodbridge, Thomson Investments Limited. Under his estate arrangements, the 2003 TIL Settlement, a trust of which the trust company subsidiary of a Canadian chartered bank is trustee and members of the family of the late first Lord Thomson of Fleet are beneficiaries, holds those holding company shares. Kenneth R. Thomson established these arrangements to provide for long-term stability of the business of Woodbridge. The equity of Woodbridge continues to be owned by members of successive generations of the family of the first Lord Thomson of Fleet.

Under the estate arrangements of Kenneth R. Thomson, the directors and officers of Woodbridge are responsible for its business and operations. In certain limited circumstances, including very substantial dispositions of Thomson Reuters Corporation common shares by Woodbridge, the estate arrangements provide for approval of the trustee to be obtained.

Woodbridge’s primary investment is its holding of our shares. It actively monitors our company as a controlling shareholder. In its involvement with our company, Woodbridge focuses on these matters:

Corporate governance, including the effectiveness of our Board;

Appointment of the Chief Executive Officer and other members of senior management and related succession planning;

Development of the long-term business strategy of Thomson Reuters and assessment of its implementation; and

Capital strategy.

With its substantial equity investment in our company, Woodbridge considers that its interests as a Thomson Reuters shareholder are aligned with those of all other shareholders.

Controlled Company

Our company is a “controlled company” as a result of Woodbridge’s ownership.

Thomson Reuters’ corporate governance practices include the following, which we believe are best practices for a Canadian public company with a controlling shareholder:

No members of the

day-to-day

Thomson Reuters executive leadership team are related to, or otherwise affiliated with, Woodbridge.

Woodbridge beneficially owns common shares that have one vote per share. Thomson Reuters has not issued a separate class of shares to Woodbridge with super-voting rights.

The Thomson Reuters Board of Directors is comprised of a majority of independent directors and the number of directors affiliated with Woodbridge is lower than the proportion of common shares controlled by it. Woodbridge’s beneficial ownership as of March 4, 2024 was approximately 69% of our common shares and its representatives on the Thomson Reuters Board comprise approximately 23% of our directors.

As David Thomson is the Chairman of the Board, we have a separate Lead Independent Director.

As part of each Board meeting, the independent directors meet separately without management or Woodbridge-affiliated directors present.

All committees are comprised of a majority of independent directors (other than the Audit Committee, which is 100% independent directors).

The Board has an effective and transparent process to deal with related party transactions or conflicts of interest between Thomson Reuters and Woodbridge or directors affiliated with Woodbridge. The Corporate Governance Committee of our Board utilizes a policy for considering related party transactions that may take place between our company and Woodbridge, with any committee members related to Woodbridge abstaining from voting. In addition, any transactions between Woodbridge and our company are subject to public disclosure and other requirements under applicable Canadian securities laws.

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The NYSE corporate governance listing standards require a listed company to have, among other things, solely independent directors on its compensation committee and nominating/corporate governance committee. A “controlled company” (as defined by the NYSE) is a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company and is exempt from these requirements.

Supplemental guidelines issued by the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance (CCGG) address controlled companies. A “controlled company” (as defined by CCGG) includes corporations with a controlling shareholder who controls a sufficient number of shares to be able to elect the board of directors or to direct the management or policies of the corporation.

While a majority of members of each of the Corporate Governance Committee and the HR Committee of our company are independent, the Board believes it is appropriate for Ed Clark and Peter Thomson, who are not considered to be independent under applicable rules because of their affiliation with Woodbridge, to serve on these committees and has approved our reliance on the NYSE’s controlled company exemption to do so. CCGG has stated that it believes it is appropriate for directors who are related to the controlling shareholder to sit on these committees to bring the knowledge and perspective of the controlling shareholder to executive compensation, appointments and board nominations.

No directors affiliated with Woodbridge serve on our Audit Committee, which is required to have solely independent directors.

A majority of members of the Risk Committee are also independent.

Independent Directors

A majority of the Board is independent. Under the corporate governance guidelines adopted by the Board, a director is not considered independent unless the Board affirmatively determines that the director has no “material relationship” with Thomson Reuters. In determining the independence of directors, the Board considers all relevant facts and circumstances. In March 2024, the Board conducted its annual assessment of the independence of its members and determined that 9 of the 13 current directors (approximately 69%) serving on the Board were independent. In determining independence, the Board examined and relied on the applicable definitions of “independent” in the NYSE listing standards and Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument

58-101.

The Board’s determination of independence was also based on responses to questionnaires completed by directors.

In order for the Board to function independently from management:

The roles and responsibilities of the Chairman (David Thomson) and the CEO (Steve Hasker) are separate;

We have a Lead Independent Director (Michael E. Daniels); and

The Audit Committee is comprised entirely of independent directors (as required by applicable law) and the Corporate Governance Committee, Human Resources Committee and Risk Committee each have a majority of independent directors.

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	Director Independence

Name of Director Nominee	Management	Independent	Not Independent	Reason for Non-Independence

David Thomson			✓	A Chairman of Woodbridge

Steve Hasker	✓		✓	President & Chief Executive Officer of Thomson Reuters

Kirk E. Arnold		✓

W. Edmund Clark, C.M.			✓	Advisor to the trustee of the 2003 TIL Settlement and Woodbridge

LaVerne Council		✓

Michael E. Daniels		✓

Kirk Koenigsbauer		✓

Deanna Oppenheimer		✓

Simon Paris		✓

Kim M. Rivera		✓

Barry Salzberg		✓

Peter J. Thomson			✓	A Chairman of Woodbridge

Beth Wilson		✓

Total	1	9	4

David Thomson, Ed Clark and Peter Thomson are not members of Thomson Reuters executive management team. With its substantial equity investment in Thomson Reuters, Woodbridge considers that its interests as a shareholder are aligned with those of all other shareholders.

In determining the independence of directors, the Board also considers that in the normal course of business, we provide services to, and receive services from, companies with which some of the independent directors are affiliated. Based on the specific facts and circumstances, the Board determined in March 2024 that these relationships were immaterial.

Presiding Directors at Meetings of

Non-Management

and Independent Directors

At the beginning of each meeting, the Board has an

“in-camera”

session with the CEO, but no other members of management. This is intended to give the CEO an opportunity to discuss his objectives for the day’s meeting, and for directors to express preliminary observations based on their prior review of meeting materials. This permits a more effective use of time in the Board meeting. A similar session is held with the CEO at the end of the meeting, followed by a meeting of the Board without the CEO or other members of management present. Board committees also utilize

“in-camera”

meetings for discussions without the CEO or members of management present.

As part of each Board meeting, our independent directors meet as a group without the CEO and without the directors affiliated with Woodbridge. These meetings are chaired by the Lead Independent Director. The Lead Independent Director develops the agenda for these meetings, although discussion has not been limited to it. The agenda generally addresses any issues that might be specific to a public corporation with a controlling shareholder. The Lead Independent Director reports to the Chairman and the CEO on the substance of these meetings to the extent that action is appropriate or required. Nine meetings of the independent directors took place in 2023 which were presided over by the Lead Independent Director (Michael E. Daniels).

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Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Code), which was updated in June 2023, applies to our employees, contractors, directors and officers, including our CEO, CFO and Controller. We review the Code on an annual basis and make updates as necessary. Our updated Code reflects changes in style and appearance. While the content of the updated Code and its provisions are fundamentally the same, it also highlighted our commitment to social impact and reflected certain content updates to make the Code consistent with internal policies, laws and regulations that have changed in the last few years. Every year, we require our employees, contractors, directors and officers to submit an acknowledgment confirming that they have received and read a copy of the Code and understand their obligations to comply with the principles and policies outlined in it. In an effort to further promote a culture of ethical business conduct throughout Thomson Reuters, we have instituted an online training course that supplements the Code. The Corporate Governance Committee receives an annual report regarding the Code from the Chief Legal Officer.

In 2023 and through the date of this annual report, no material violations by our directors or executive officers were reported for the Code. Also, no waivers under the Code were sought by or granted to any of our directors or executive officers.

Additional Disclosures

Additional information regarding the members of our Board of Directors, including our corporate governance and compensation practices, will be provided in our management proxy circular, which is being prepared in connection with our upcoming annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 5, 2024. Each Board committee has a written charter which is publicly available at

tr.com

. The Audit Committee’s charter has been filed on SEDAR+ and EDGAR and is incorporated by reference in, and forms a part of, this annual report.

As of March 4, 2024, our executive officers and directors as a group beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over, less than 1% of our outstanding common shares, based on the issued and outstanding shares of our company as of that date. David Thomson and Peter Thomson are the Chairmen of Woodbridge, our controlling shareholder. As of March 4, 2024, Woodbridge beneficially owned approximately 69% of our common shares. David Thomson and Peter Thomson are substantial shareholders of our company as members of the family that owns the equity of Woodbridge.

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Additional Information

Thomson Reuters Corporation was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) by articles of incorporation dated December 28, 1977. Our company amalgamated with one of its wholly owned subsidiaries on March 10, 2010. On October 1, 2018, articles of amendment were filed to make certain amendments to our articles of amalgamation related to the Trust Principles and the consent rights of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company.

Our registered office and principal executive office is located at 19 Duncan Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H1, Canada. Prior to April 17, 2008, Thomson Reuters Corporation was known as The Thomson Corporation.

Description of Capital Structure

As of March 4, 2024:

Our authorized share capital consisted of an unlimited number of common shares, an unlimited number of preference shares, issuable in series, and a Thomson Reuters Founders Share; and

We had outstanding 451,363,370 common shares, 6,000,000 Series II preference shares and one Thomson Reuters Founders Share.

Common Shares

Each common share entitles its holder to receive notice of, to attend and to vote at all meetings of our shareholders (except for meetings of holders of a particular class or series of shares other than the common shares required by applicable laws to be held as a separate class or series meeting). Each common share also entitles its holder to receive dividends when declared by our Board of Directors, subject to the rights of holders of the preference shares. All dividends declared by our Board of Directors are paid equally on all common shares. Holders of common shares will participate equally in any distribution of our assets upon liquidation, dissolution or

winding-up,

subject to the rights of the holders of the preference shares. There are no preemptive, redemption, purchase or conversion rights attaching to our common shares.

We have also issued Depositary Interests (DIs) as an alternative way to hold our common shares. DIs are designed to facilitate the transfer and settlement of our shares in the U.K. when they are traded in the secondary market. Each DI represents one common share. The holder of DIs has beneficial ownership of the underlying common shares. The administrator of our DI program holds legal title to the common shares and holds the shares on behalf of and for the benefit of the DI holder. Holders of DIs have the same voting rights and receive the same dividends as other common shareholders.

Preference Shares

Our preference shares may be issued in one or more series as determined by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is authorized to fix the number, the consideration per share and the rights and restrictions of the preference shares of each series. The preference shares of each series are to rank on a parity with the preference shares of each other series with respect to the payments of dividends and the return of capital on our liquidation, dissolution or

winding-up.

The preference shares are entitled to preference over the common shares and any other shares ranking junior to the preference shares with respect to the payment of dividends and the return of capital. The special rights and restrictions attaching to the preference shares as a class may not be amended without approval of at least

two-thirds

of the votes cast at a meeting of the holders of preference shares. The holders of preference shares are not entitled to any voting rights except as provided by our Board of Directors when authorizing a series or as provided by law. Our Series II preference shares are

non-voting

and are redeemable at our option for C$25.00 per share, together with accrued dividends. Dividends are payable quarterly at an annual rate of 70% of the Canadian bank prime rate applied to the stated capital of the shares.

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Thomson Reuters Founders Share

Our company has issued a Thomson Reuters Founders Share to the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, which enables the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to exercise extraordinary voting power to safeguard the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles and to thwart those whose holdings of Thomson Reuters voting shares threaten the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

The Founders Share entitles the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to vote in circumstances where an acquiring person, other than an approved person or an entity within Thomson Reuters, has become or becomes “interested” in, or the beneficial owner of, 15% or more of the outstanding voting shares of Thomson Reuters or has obtained or is attempting to obtain the ability to control the exercise of, or beneficial ownership of, 30% or more of the outstanding voting shares of Thomson Reuters. In general, votes cast by the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, alone or in combination with votes cast by approved persons, will be sufficient either to negate the voting power of the acquiring person or to constitute the requisite majority voting power. The rights attaching to the Founders Share may not be varied or abrogated in any respect without the prior written consent of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company. In addition, without the prior written consent of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, we may not take certain fundamental corporate actions, including certain changes to our share capital, remove or amend provisions in our organizational documents relating to the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company and the Founders Share, or effect a sale (or similar transactions) of Reuters News to an unrelated third-party or to effect or permit material acquisitions by, or material dispositions from, Reuters News. For a discussion of the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles, the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company and proposed amendments to the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles arrangements, see the “Material Contracts” section below.

Market for Securities

Listings and Index Participation

Our common shares are listed in Canadian dollars on the TSX and in U.S. dollars on the NYSE under the symbol “TRI” and our Series II preference shares are listed in Canadian dollars on the TSX under the symbol “TRI.PR.B”. Our company is included in the S&P/TSX series of indices.

Share Prices

The following table provides information regarding the price history of our common shares and Series II preference shares for the periods indicated.


	Common Shares (C$)								Common Shares (US$)								Preference Shares (C$)
	High		Low		Closing		Trading Volume		High		Low		Closing		Trading Volume		High		Low		Closing		Trading Volume
2023
January		158.99		154.46		158.28		7,531,810		118.97		114.07		118.97		9,287,637		13.85		13.15		13.74		179,303
February		167.74		154.81		165.26		7,417,587		125.26		114.96		121.03		11,138,231		14.00		13.50		14.00		102,383
March		175.84		164.43		175.84		7,907,228		130.12		119.74		130.12		9,770,188		14.14		13.40		13.67		53,124
April		179.73		173.60		178.16		4,469,481		132.75		129.01		131.51		5,291,336		13.67		13.25		13.50		17,428
May		179.07		160.37		172.62		8,573,280		132.17		119.11		127.18		11,134,585		13.50		12.92		13.00		32,810
June		182.49		164.11		178.86		9,375,175		138.13		122.77		134.94		9,775,368		13.50		12.87		13.10		85,295
July		179.24		171.64		178.00		7,046,557		135.23		129.81		135.23		8,665,347		14.03		13.10		13.76		98,181
August		182.56		171.07		173.99		6,581,779		136.92		126.14		128.79		7,467,248		13.85		13.25		13.30		48,988
September		176.04		166.16		166.16		5,467,432		130.23		122.32		122.32		5,047,081		13.30		12.43		12.50		34,087
October		173.57		163.51		166.11		4,939,138		127.72		117.88		119.88		6,759,068		13.21		12.48		12.90		73,091
November		192.31		169.46		189.58		7,792,387		141.25		122.24		139.91		10,753,789		13.21		12.82		13.06		92,423
December		195.04		185.90		193.73		5,297,108		146.22		138.85		146.22		5,283,961		13.36		13.00		13.20		49,600
2024
January		203.14		191.42		199.61		4,755,621		151.17		143.31		148.62		5,742,000		13.70		13.20		13.55		32,876
February		216.26		200.99		214.24		5,879,633		160.29		149.09		157.79		7,200,462		14.15		13.38		13.95		73,791

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Dividends

Our company and our predecessor companies have paid dividends for over 30 years and we view dividends as a critical component of shareholder return.

Any dividends that we declare on our shares take into account all factors that our Board considers relevant, including our available cash flow, financial condition and capital requirements. Our target dividend payout ratio is 50% to 60% of annual free cash flow over the long term.

Our Board reviews our dividend policy each fiscal year. In February 2024, we announced that our Board approved a 10% increase to our annualized dividend rate by $0.20 to $2.16 per share (or $0.54 per share on a quarterly basis), effective with our dividend to be paid on March 8, 2024 to common shareholders of record as of February 21, 2024. The declaration of dividends by our Board and the amount of those dividends is at the discretion of the Board.

The following graph shows our annualized dividends per common share for the periods indicated.

The following table provides information regarding the default currencies for our dividend payments, as well as other currency options that were available to our shareholders as of March 1, 2024.



	Dividend Currency (Default)	Dividend Currency (For Electing Holders)
Common shares	U.S. dollars	Canadian dollars British pounds sterling
DIs (representing common shares)	British pounds sterling	U.S. dollars Canadian dollars
Series II preference shares	Canadian dollars	N/A

We also have a dividend reinvestment plan which allows eligible holders of our common shares to elect to have their cash dividends reinvested in additional shares.

Additional information regarding currency elections for our dividends as well as our dividend reinvestment plan is provided in the Investor Relations section of our website under “Stock Info – Dividend Timetable”.

We pay dividends on our Series II preference shares quarterly at an annual rate of 70% of the Canadian bank prime rate applied to the stated capital of these shares.

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The table below sets forth the dividends declared on our common shares and Series II preference shares in the last three years and the first quarter of 2024.


	Common Shares (US$)		Series II Preference Shares (C$)
2021
Q1	$	0.405000	C$	0.105719
Q2	$	0.405000	C$	0.106894
Q3	$	0.405000	C$	0.108068
Q4	$	0.405000	C$	0.108068
2022
Q1	$	0.445000	C$	0.107445
Q2	$	0.445000	C$	0.140053
Q3	$	0.445000	C$	0.203345
Q4	$	0.445000	C$	0.257159
2023
Q1	$	0.490000	C$	0.285658
Q2	$	0.490000	C$	0.293631
Q3	$	0.490000	C$	0.315825
Q4	$	0.490000	C$	0.317589
2024
Q1	$	0.540000	C$	*
*As of the date of this annual report, our company had not yet finalized the final dividend amount for the first quarter 2024 dividend on our Series II preference shares.

Transfer Agents and Registrars



Type of Shares	Country	Transfer Agent/Registrar	Location of Transfer Facilities
Common shares	Canada	Computershare Trust Company of Canada	Toronto; Montreal; Calgary; and Vancouver
	United States	Computershare Trust Company N.A.	Canton, Massachusetts; and Jersey City, New Jersey
	United Kingdom	Computershare Investor Services PLC	Bristol, England
Depositary interests	United Kingdom	Computershare Investor Services PLC	Bristol, England
Series II preference shares	Canada	Computershare Trust Company of Canada	Toronto

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Ratings of Debt Securities

Our long-term unsecured debt securities are rated Baa1 (stable) by Moody’s, BBB (stable) by S&P, BBB (high) (stable) by DBRS and BBB+ (stable) by Fitch. These credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell securities and do not address the market price or suitability of a specific security for a particular investor. Credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of all risks on the value of securities. In addition, real or anticipated changes in the rating assigned to a security will generally affect the market value of that security. Shareholders cannot be assured that a rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future.

Moody’s Investors Services (Moody’s)

Moody’s long-term credit ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from Aaa to C, which represents the range from highest to lowest quality of such securities rated. Moody’s “Baa” rating assigned to our long-term debt instruments is the fourth highest rating of nine rating categories. Obligations rated “Baa” are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers from 1 to 3 to its long-term debt ratings, which indicate where the obligation ranks within its generic rating category, with 1 being the highest. Ratings outlooks represent Moody’s assessment regarding the likely direction of the rating over the medium-term. In November 2023, Moody’s upgraded Thomson Reuters’ rating from Baa2 to Baa1 with a Stable rating outlook.

Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings (S&P)

S&P’s long-term credit ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from AAA to D, which represents the range from highest to lowest quality of such securities rated. S&P’s “BBB” rating assigned to our long-term debt instruments is the fourth highest rating of

10 rating categories. A “BBB” rating indicates that the obligor has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment. S&P uses “+” or “-” designations to indicate the relative standing of securities within a particular rating category. Outlooks represent S&P’s assessment regarding the potential direction of the rating over the immediate term (typically six months to two years).

DBRS Limited (DBRS)

DBRS’ credit ratings are on a long-term debt rating scale that ranges from AAA to D, which represents the range from highest to lowest quality of such securities rated. DBRS’s “BBB” rating assigned to our long-term debt is the fourth highest of the 10 rating categories for long-term debt. Debt securities rated “BBB” are of adequate credit quality, and while the capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable, it may be vulnerable to future events. A reference to “high” or “low” reflects the relative strength within the rating category. Rating Trends represent DBRS’s opinion regarding the outlook for the ratings, should present tendencies continue.

Fitch Ratings (Fitch)

Fitch’s long-term credit ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from AAA to D, which represents the range from highest to lowest quality of such securities rated. Fitch’s “BBB” rating assigned to our long-term debt instruments is the fourth highest rating of 11 rating categories. A “BBB” rating indicates a low expectation of default, and that while the capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. Fitch uses “+” or “-” designations to indicate the relative standing of securities within a particular rating category. Outlooks represents Fitch’s assessment regarding the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to

two-year

period.

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Investment in LSEG

On January 29, 2021, Thomson Reuters and private equity funds affiliated with Blackstone closed the sale of Refinitiv to LSEG in an all-share transaction. The following sets forth certain provisions that we agreed to in connection with the closing of the sale.

Thomson Reuters and Blackstone’s consortium are entitled to nominate three non-executive LSEG directors for as long as they hold at least 25% of the LSEG shares, two LSEG directors for as long as they hold at least 17.5% but less than 25% of the LSEG shares and one LSEG director for as long as they hold at least 10% but less than 17.5% of the LSEG shares. For so long as Thomson Reuters and Blackstone’s consortium are entitled to nominate three directors, one nominee will be a Thomson Reuters representative.

The transaction was predominantly tax deferred for our company except for $627 million that was paid in 2021. As permitted under a lock-up exception within a transaction agreement, in March 2021, Thomson Reuters sold approximately 10.1 million of its LSEG shares to generate approximately $994 million of pre-tax total net proceeds. In 2021, we paid $223 million on the sale of these shares and used the remaining after-tax proceeds to pay the $627 million of tax on the LSEG transaction. In 2023, we paid $657 million of income tax on share sales completed in 2023 as described below and the related settlement of foreign exchange contracts.

A standstill restriction applies to the entity that we jointly own with Blackstone’s consortium under which we (and the underlying investors) have agreed not to, among other matters, acquire further LSEG shares, or make a takeover offer for LSEG for designated time periods.

During a specified voting commitment period, the entity that we jointly own with Blackstone’s consortium has committed to vote its LSEG shares in line with the LSEG Board’s recommendation, subject to certain exceptions.

The entity that we jointly own with Blackstone’s consortium has agreed to a customary non-compete for three years after the closing. As of the date hereof, the non-compete has expired.

Each of LSEG and the entity that we jointly own with Blackstone’s consortium has agreed to a customary non-solicit with respect to certain officers and senior executives of the other party for a period of two years after closing. A separate agreement contains the same customary non-solicit provisions with respect to certain officers and senior executives of LSEG, on the one hand, and each of Thomson Reuters, Blackstone, GIC and CPPIB, on the other hand, for two years after closing. As of the date hereof, the non-solicit agreements have expired.

As of the January 29, 2021 closing date, we indirectly owned approximately 82.5 million LSEG shares. We have since monetized nearly 93% of our original indirectly owned shareholdings. Thomson Reuters’ interest in LSEG shares are held through YPL, an entity jointly owned by Thomson Reuters and Blackstone’s consortium.

Through March 5, 2024, we had sold approximately 76.6 million shares indirectly owned by Thomson Reuters for approximately $7.6 billion, including foreign exchange contracts settled as of that date. As of March 5, 2024, Thomson Reuters indirectly owned approximately 5.9 million LSEG shares. The remaining shares are subject to lock up provisions, which allow us to sell all of the remaining shares after January 29, 2025.

Material Contracts

Credit Agreement

We have a $2.0 billion syndicated credit facility agreement which matures in November 2027. The facility may be used to provide liquidity for general corporate purposes (including acquisitions or support for our commercial paper program). There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. We have the option to request an increase, subject to approval by applicable lenders, in the lenders’ commitments in an aggregate amount of $600 million for a maximum credit facility commitment of $2.6 billion. Based on our current credit ratings, the cost of borrowing under the agreement is priced at Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)/Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR)/ Simple Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) plus 102.5 bp. If our debt rating is downgraded by Moody’s or S&P or Fitch, our facility fees and borrowing costs

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would increase, although availability would be unaffected. Conversely, an upgrade in our ratings may reduce our facility fees and borrowing costs. We also monitor the lenders that are party to our facility and believe they continue to be able to lend to us.

We guarantee borrowings by our subsidiaries under the credit facility. We must also maintain a ratio of net debt as defined in the credit agreement (total debt after swaps less cash and cash equivalents) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter to EBITDA as defined in the credit agreement (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and other modifications described in the credit agreement) for the last four quarters ended of not more than 4.5:1. If we complete an acquisition with a purchase price of over $500 million, we may elect, subject to notification, to temporarily increase the ratio of net debt to EBITDA to 5.0:1 at the end of the quarter within which the transaction closed for each of the three immediately following fiscal quarters. At the end of that period, the ratio would revert to 4:5:1. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with this covenant as our ratio of net debt to EBITDA, as calculated under the terms of our syndicated credit facility, was 0.7:1.

Thomson Reuters Trust Principles and Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company

Our company is dedicated to upholding the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles and to preserving its integrity, independence and freedom from bias in the gathering and dissemination of information and news.

The Trust Principles read as follows:

That Reuters shall at no time pass into the hands of any one interest, group or faction;

That the integrity, independence and freedom from bias of Thomson Reuters shall at all times be fully preserved;

That Reuters shall supply unbiased and reliable news services to newspapers, news agencies, broadcasters and other media subscribers and to businesses, governments, institutions, individuals and others with whom Reuters has or may have contracts;

That Thomson Reuters shall pay due regard to the many interests which it serves in addition to those of the media; and

That no effort shall be spared to expand, develop and adapt the news and other services and products of Thomson Reuters so as to maintain its leading position in the international news and information business.

The Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company was established in 1984 when Reuters became a public company. The directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company have a duty to ensure, to the extent possible, that the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles are complied with.

The directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company are experienced and eminent people from the world of politics, diplomacy, media, public service and business. They generally have all held high offices in their respective sectors. The directors are selected by a nomination committee and proposed to the board of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company to be considered for appointment. The nomination committee also has unique features. Two of its members are appointed in consultation with the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and assist in scrutinizing candidates’ suitability. These have historically been judges of the ECHR. Our Board currently has two representatives on the nomination committee. In addition to the chairman and deputy chairman of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, who are also members of the nomination committee, the chairman of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company appoints three other representatives to the nomination committee. Other members are representatives of press associations from the United Kingdom and Australia.

The directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company have a minimum of two meetings per year. They receive reports on our activities in different fields in which we operate. The directors meet with representatives of senior management at the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company board meetings and Thomson Reuters site visits; the directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company also have access to our Board, as necessary. Through the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company’s chairman, regular contact is maintained with our company. The Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company also has certain consultation rights as to the appointments of the president and editor in chief of the news services of Reuters News.

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Directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company

The current directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, with their countries of residence and the year of initial appointments, are:


Name	Country	Director Since
Kim Williams (Chairman)	Australia	2016
Ory Okolloh	Kenya	2015
Ronald G. Close	Canada	2016
Linda Robinson	U.K.	2019
Pawel Dangel	Poland	2020
Anne Bouverot	France	2021
Aiko Doden	Japan	2021
Murilo Portugal	Brazil	2022
Nikiwe Bikitsha	South Africa	2023
Yuen Yuen Ang	U.S.	2023
Stephen Toope	Canada	2024
Naushad Forbes	India	2024
Michael Froman	U.S.	2024
Ann Marie Lipinski	U.S.	2024
Sharmila Nebhrajani	U.K.	2024
Tim Gardam	U.K.	2024

Prior to May 1, 2014, directors were appointed for an initial term of five years that ended on December 31 following the fifth anniversary of appointment. Those directors were eligible for

re-appointment

for additional terms of five years, subject to a maximum term of 15 years. Directors appointed on or after May 1, 2014 serve an initial term of three years and must retire on December 31 following the third anniversary of appointment. Those directors are eligible for

re-appointment

for additional terms of three years, subject to a maximum term of nine years. However, in 2018, those longest standing directors still on five-year terms voluntarily agreed to stand down at the end of their respective second terms in order to better align the terms of office among directors.

Our company is a party to a Deed of Mutual Covenant, under which Thomson Reuters and the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company have covenanted with press associations from the United Kingdom and Australia to use their best endeavors to ensure that the Trust Principles are complied with in relation to Thomson Reuters.

Under a Thomson Reuters Trust Principles Support Agreement, Woodbridge has agreed to support the Trust Principles and to exercise its voting rights to give effect to this support and the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company has irrevocably designated Woodbridge as an approved person for so long as Woodbridge is controlled by members of the Thomson family, companies controlled by them and trusts for their benefit.

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Amended and Restated Reuters Support Agreement

In December 2020, Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, Thomson Reuters and Reuters News entered into an Amended and Restated Reuters Support Agreement. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the agreement, a copy of which has been filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators’ SEDAR+ website,

www.sedarplus.ca

, and in the EDGAR section of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website at

www.sec.gov.

Consent for Sale of Reuters News

. We have agreed not to effect a sale (or similar transactions) of Reuters News to an unrelated third-party or to effect or permit material acquisitions by, or material dispositions from, Reuters News unless we have received Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company’s prior written consent.

Business of Reuters News

. We agreed to maintain Reuters News as a separate business unit of Thomson Reuters and the sole business unit in our company that carries on the business of providing multimedia news services. We also agreed to provide Reuters News with access to capital and shared services on a basis that is consistent with the terms provided to our other business units. Reuters News will continue to provide services to our company’s other business units, consistent with past practice.

News Agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG

. Reuters News has agreed to invest all of the license fees payable under the news agreement with the Data & Analytics business of LSEG into the Reuters News business for the term of that agreement. Reuters News also agreed not to amend the news agreement in a manner that would negatively impact the annual fee payable under the agreement, significantly increase Reuters News’ costs without reimbursement or amend any provision related to the Trust Principles without Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company’s prior written consent.

Brand License Agreements

. Our company and Reuters News agreed not to amend any provisions of the Brand License Agreements (as defined in the Amended and Restated Reuters Support Agreement) related to the Trust Principles without Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company’s prior written consent.

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Principal Subsidiaries

The following provides information about our principal subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023. As of that date, we beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, 100% of the voting securities and

non-voting

securities of each of these subsidiaries. Certain subsidiaries, each of which represents not more than 10% of the consolidated assets and not more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of our company, and all of which, in the aggregate, represent not more than 20% of the total consolidated assets and the total consolidated revenues of our company as of December 31, 2023, have been omitted.


Subsidiary		Jurisdiction of Incorporation/Formation
3276838 Nova Scotia Company		Nova Scotia, Canada
Bedrijfsbeheer TRA B.V.		The Netherlands
Capital Confirmation Inc.		Delaware, United States
Casetext, Inc.		Delaware, United States
HighQ Solutions Limited		England
LiveNote Technologies Limited		England
LN Holdings Limited		Bermuda
Netmaster Solutions Limited		England
Reuters News & Media Inc.		Delaware, United States
Reuters News & Media Limited		England
SurePrep, LLC		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters (Australia) Pty Limited		Australia
Thomson Reuters (Legal) Inc.		Minnesota, United States
Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited		Australia
Thomson Reuters (Professional) UK Limited		England
Thomson Reuters (Tax & Accounting) Inc.		Texas, United States
Thomson Reuters (TRI) Inc.		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters America Corporation		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters Brasil Conteúdo e Tecnologia Ltda		Brazil
Thomson Reuters Canada Limited		Ontario, Canada
Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH		Switzerland
Thomson Reuters Finance S.A.		Luxembourg
Thomson Reuters Group Limited		England
Thomson Reuters Holdco LLC		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters Holdings B.V.		The Netherlands
Thomson Reuters Holdings Inc.		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters Holdings S.A.		Luxembourg
Thomson Reuters Investment Holdings Limited		England
Thomson Reuters MX Servicios, S.A. de D.V.		Mexico
Thomson Reuters No. 4 Inc.		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters No. 5 LLC		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters No. 8 LLC		Delaware, United States
Thomson Reuters U.S. LLC		Delaware, United States
TR (2008) Limited		England
TR 2023 LLC		Delaware, United States
TR Finance LLC		Delaware, United States
TR Holdings Limited		Bermuda
TR U.S. Inc.		Delaware, United States
TTC (1994) Limited		England
TTC Holdings Limited		Bermuda
West Publishing Corporation		Minnesota, United States

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Interests of Experts

Our independent registered public accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, who has issued an independent registered public accounting firm’s report dated March 7, 2024 in respect of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has advised that it is independent with respect to our company within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario and has complied with the auditor independence rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).

Further Information and Disclosures

Cybersecurity Risk Management

We implement a wide range of security policies, standards, technology, and practices, which are integrated in our overall enterprise risk management framework. Under the leadership of our Chief Operations & Technology Officer, teams across the organization play a critical role in identifying, assessing, responding, monitoring, and reporting risks under the guidelines of the enterprise risk management framework. Our Information Security Risk Management (ISRM) team who is responsible for operating and enhancing our security capabilities, based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and Capability Maturity Model (CMMI), to help prevent, detect, and respond to cybersecurity threats.

Our Chief Operations & Technology Officer is in charge of the management of cybersecurity risks as an important component of our overall enterprise risk management framework. Our Board of Directors is responsible for confirming that a system is in place to identify the principal risks facing Thomson Reuters and that appropriate procedures and systems are in place to monitor, mitigate and manage those risks. The Board of Directors, through its committees, periodically receives reports from or meets with members of management to discuss material enterprise risks, including cybersecurity risks.

Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act Disclosure

The Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (ITRA) requires us to disclose information in our annual report if we or any of our affiliates knowingly engaged in certain transactions or dealings related to Iran and other sanctioned individuals or entities in 2023. Disclosure is generally required, even if the transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law and regulations.

During 2023, one of our

non-U.S.

subsidiaries sold Reuters news text newswires and video products to one broadcasting entity in Iran covered by the ITRA. These transactions were exempt from U.S. economic sanctions laws and regulations as information or informational materials per 31 CFR § 560.210 (c). The aggregate gross revenues attributable to these 2023 sales were approximately $740,000. We did not recognize any revenue or net profit from these sales in 2023. These sales represented approximately 0.01% of our company’s 2023 consolidated revenues. Additionally, in 2023, we recognized approximately $1,700,000 in revenue related to the delayed collection of outstanding receivables from prior-year periods related to the same broadcasting entity. We estimate that the 2023 net profit attributable to this revenue (utilizing Reuters News’ 2023 segment adjusted EBITDA margin disclosed in this annual report) was approximately $380,000. We discussed these

pre-2023

outstanding receivables in our previously-filed annual reports. Our Reuters news business plans to continue existing and compliant customer contracts that are covered by the ITRA.

Our Reuters business plans to continue its existing customer contracts which are covered by the ITRA. However, it does not plan on entering into any new sales contracts with customers covered by the ITRA, subject to certain limited exceptions where continued sales are permissible under applicable export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations.

Page 196

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Other Information and Disclosures

Steve Hasker, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of our company, was a director of Global Eagle Entertainment Inc. until May 2020. In July 2020, Global Eagle Entertainment Inc. commenced voluntary proceedings under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.

Kim Rivera, a director of our company, is a director of Cano Health, Inc.. In February 2024, Cano Health, Inc. commenced voluntary proceedings under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.

For more information about Thomson Reuters, please see our various filings and notifications posted on our website,

tr.com

, the Canadian Securities Administrators’ SEDAR+ website,

www.sedarplus.ca

, and in the EDGAR section of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website at

www.sec.gov

Additional information, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of our shares and securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, will be contained in our management proxy circular, which is being prepared in connection with our upcoming annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 5, 2024. Copies of our management proxy circular will be available upon request in writing to: Investor Relations Department, Thomson Reuters, 3 Times Square, New York, New York 10036, United States. Requests may also be sent by

e-mail

to: investor.relations@tr.com.

Information required to be provided pursuant to Canadian Securities Administrators Multilateral Instrument

Form 52-110F1

(Audit Committees) for our company is included in the “Executive Officers and Directors” section of this annual report.

Additional financial information is included in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” and “Consolidated Financial Statements” sections of this annual report.

Under NYSE listing standards, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required to be followed by U.S. domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. There is only one significant difference between our corporate governance practices and those required of U.S. domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. NYSE listing standards require shareholder approval of all “equity compensation plans” and material revisions to these types of plans (with limited exceptions). TSX rules require shareholder approval of security-based compensation arrangements only for plans which involve newly issued shares or specified amendments to the plans. Similar to a number of other Canadian issuers, our company follows the TSX rules.

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, corporate governance guidelines and Board committee charters are available on

tr.com

as well as in print or electronically (without charge) to any shareholder who requests a copy in writing or by

e-mail

to our Investor Relations Department. Shareholders and other interested parties may contact the Board or its

non-management

or independent directors as a group, or the directors who preside over their meetings, by writing to them by

e-mail

at board@tr.com or by mail at Thomson Reuters Board of Directors, Attention: Chief Legal Officer and Company Secretary, Thomson Reuters, 19 Duncan, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H1, Canada.

Any statement in this annual report about any of our contracts or other documents is not necessarily complete. If the contract or document is filed as an exhibit to our annual report with the SEC or as a material contract with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities, then the contract or document is deemed to modify the description contained in this annual report. You should review the contracts or documents themselves for a complete description.

We are required to file reports and other information with the SEC under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and regulations under that act. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act prescribing the form and content of proxy statements and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act.

Page 197

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023

Cross Reference Tables

For the convenience of our shareholders, we have prepared one annual report for the year ended December 31, 2023 that addresses our disclosure requirements under applicable Canadian and U.S. laws and regulations.

The following pages include cross reference tables that reflect where we have disclosed information required to be contained in an annual information form prepared in accordance with Canadian laws and regulations and an annual report on

Form 40-F

prepared in accordance with SEC requirements.

Annual Information Form (Form

51-102F2)

Cross Reference Table


		Page/Document
Item 1.	Cover Page	Cover
Item 2.	Table of Contents	1
Item 3.	Corporate Structure
	3.1 Name, Address And Incorporation	186
	3.2 Intercorporate Relationships	195
Item 4.	General Development of the Business
	4.1 Three Year History	3
	4.2 Significant Acquisitions	11, 41
Item 5.	Describe the Business
	5.1 General	2-18
	5.2 Risk Factors	19-35
	5.3 Companies With Asset-Backed Securities Outstanding	N/A
	5.4 Companies With Mineral Projects	N/A
	5.5 Companies With Oil And Gas Activities	N/A
Item 6.	Dividends	188-189
Item 7.	Description of Capital Structure
	7.1 General Description Of Capital Structure	186-187
	7.2 Constraints	N/A
	7.3 Ratings	190
Item 8.	Market for Securities
	8.1 Trading Price And Volume	187
	8.2 Prior Sales	N/A
Item 9.	Escrowed Securities and Securities Subject to Contractual Restriction on Transfer	N/A
Item 10.	Directors and Officers
	10.1 Name, Occupation And Security Holding	173-185
	10.2 Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties Or Sanctions	197
	10.3 Conflicts Of Interest	N/A
Item 11.	Promoters	N/A
Item 12.	Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions
	12.1 Legal Proceedings	63
	12.2 Regulatory Actions	63

Page 198

Table of Contents

Thomson Reuters Annual Report 2023


		Page/Document
Item 13.	Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions	68-69
Item 14.	Transfer Agents and Registrars	189
Item 15.	Material Contracts	191-194
Item 16.	Interest of Experts
	16.1 Names Of Experts	196
	16.2 Interests Of Experts	196
Item 17.	Additional Information	197
Item 18.	Additional Disclosure for Companies Not Sending Information Circulars	N/A

Form

40-F

Cross Reference Table


		Page/Document
Annual Information Form		See AIF Table
Audited Annual Financial Statements		100-172
Management’s Discussion And Analysis		36-99
Disclosure Controls And Procedures		71
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
a. Changes In Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting		71
b. Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting		100
c. Independent Auditor’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting		101-102
Notice Pursuant To Regulation BTR		N/A
Audit Committee Financial Expert		180
Code Of Ethics		185
Principal Accountant Fees And Services		181
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements		62
Material Cash Requirements		55,56,62
Identification Of The Audit Committee		180
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections		N/A

Page 199

Table of Contents


THOMSON REUTERS 19 Duncan Street Toronto, Ontario M5H 3H1 Canada tel: +1 647 480 7000 tr.com

EX-99.2 - CONSENT OF PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP

Exhibit 99.2

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 of Thomson Reuters Corporation of our report dated March 7, 2024 relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Exhibit 99.1, which is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 40-F.

We also consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form F-10 (No. 333-265525), Form S-8 (Nos. 333-218186, 333-188914, 333-126782, 333-135721, 333-152029, 333-162035) and Form F-3 (No. 333-150560) of Thomson Reuters Corporation and the Registration Statement on Form F-3 (No. 333-265541) of TR Finance LLC of our report dated March 7, 2024 referred to above. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Interests of Experts,” which appears in Exhibit 99.1, which is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 40-F.

LOGO

New York, New York

March 7, 2024

EX-99.3 - CERTIFICATION OF CEO SECT 302

Exhibit 99.3

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steve Hasker, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Thomson Reuters Corporation;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 7, 2024

/s/ Steve Hasker

Steve Hasker

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.4 - CERTIFICATION OF CFO SECT 302

Exhibit 99.4

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael Eastwood, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Thomson Reuters Corporation;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

5.	The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 7, 2024

/s/ Michael Eastwood

Michael Eastwood

Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.5 - CERTIFICATION OF CEO SECT 906

Exhibit 99.5

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED BY

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steve Hasker, President and Chief Executive Officer of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company”), hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

a) The Company’s Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 40-F”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

b) The information contained in the Form 40-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 7, 2024


By:		/s/ Steve Hasker
		Steve Hasker
		President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.6 - CERTIFICATION OF CFO SECT 906

Exhibit 99.6

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED BY

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael Eastwood, Chief Financial Officer of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Company”), hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

b) The information contained in the Form 40-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 7, 2024


By:		/s/ Michael Eastwood
		Michael Eastwood
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.7 - CODE OF CONDUCT

Exhibit 99.7

LOGO

Table of contents


2


Message from CEO Steve Hasker			5

Trust matters			6
The Trust Principles			6

Our Culture			7
Purpose			7
Mindsets and behaviors			7

A global Code			8
Waivers			9

Our responsibilities			10
Accountability for everyone			10
Responsibilities of leaders and managers			10

Making ethical decisions			11

Speaking up and seeking help			12
Anonymity and confidentiality			12
Retaliation is prohibited			13
Investigations			13
Fair process and disciplinary action			13

Trust matters for our people			14

Providing equal opportunities			15

Fostering a respectful workplace			16
Anti-discrimination			16
Harassment and bullying			17
Speaking up for safe workplaces			18

Embracing diversity and inclusion			19
Diversity			19

Keeping workplaces safe, secure and healthy			20
Health and safety			20
Security			20
Threats, workplace violence and weapons			20
Drugs and alcohol			22

Trust matters in our marketplace			23

Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest			24
Relatives and friends			24
Corporate opportunities			26
Outside employment			26
Practicing law on behalf of Thomson Reuters			26
Joining the Board of another company			27
Organizational conflicts of interest			27

Dealing fairly and honestly			28
Fair dealing			28
Competition and antitrust			28

Working in our global markets			30
Anti-bribery and anti-corruption			30
Gifts and entertainment			32
Sanctions, embargoes and export controls			34
Anti-money laundering			35


Trust matters in our assets and information			37

Respecting our intellectual property and that of others			38
Intellectual property of others			39
Competitive intelligence			40

Protecting confidential information and data privacy			42
Confidential information			42
Data protection and privacy			43
Using and protecting our confidential information and other data			44
Insider trading			45

Using information and communications systems responsibly			46

Safeguarding our assets			48

Trust matters in our controls			49

Accurate financial records			50
Tax payments and records			51
Raising concerns			51

Managing our records			52

Contract authorization			54

The media and using social media responsibly			56
Media appearances and public speaking			56
Social media			56

Trust matters in our communities			59

Being a responsible global corporate citizen			60
Human rights			60
Environmental responsibility			61
Responsible sourcing and the Supply Chain Ethical Code			61

Contributing to our communities			62

Participating in the political process			64
Lobbying			64
Independence from foreign government interests			65
Personal political activity			65

Seek Help: Helpful contact information			66

Legal notice			67


Table of contents			3


4		This page intentionally left blank.

Message from CEO Steve Hasker LOGO

Dear Colleagues,

Thomson Reuters continues to evolve to become the leading content-driven technology company, informing the way forward for professionals around the globe.

As we grow and progress, one thing must remain constant — our commitment to operating with the highest standards of ethics and integrity. We each uphold the standards of our Trust Principles — integrity, independence and freedom from bias. Just as we help our customers pursue justice, truth and transparency, we must treat our employees in the same regard. Trust is our most valuable asset and we must work diligently to protect it. The Thomson Reuters Code of Business Conduct and Ethics sets forth the high ethical standards for how we operate as a company. It applies to all directors, officers, employees, and contingent workers. It is your obligation to familiarize yourself with the Code. Its principles will serve as a guide when you encounter ethical questions throughout your career.

If you suspect misconduct, you can report it without fear of retaliation to your supervisor, HR, the ethics hotline or our Chief Compliance Officer.

Thank you for acting with integrity in every action, every day.

Steve Hasker

President and CEO

Thomson Reuters


Message from CEO Steve Hasker			5

Trust matters

Thomson Reuters is built on a legacy of integrity and performance. For more than 150 years, we have delivered vital information and expertise that empowers customers all over the world. We use our many strengths to fulfill this purpose. However, if there is one single quality that binds, empowers and defines us more than any other, it is Trust.

Together with our customers, we help inform the way forward. They depend on each of us and we depend on each other. We can nurture and continue to earn this Trust, or damage it, through the actions we take and decisions we make every day as individuals and as a team.

We understand how our actions impact others and therefore, we strive to do the right thing for the right reasons to generate the right outcome and make a positive difference for our customers, our shareholders and the communities where we do business.

When we rely on our values to consistently guide us, we ensure that Thomson Reuters lives up to the high expectations of customers and partners, paving the way for innovation, growth and continued success.

This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is both a reflection and an extension of our values. It explains who Thomson Reuters is and what we stand for and it reinforces what our partners, colleagues and customers have always known: Trust Matters.

The Trust Principles

In observing this Code, we each must remember that the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles guide our behavior as individual employees and apply to everyone at Thomson Reuters. These principles are an asset that distinguishes Thomson Reuters, connects our content and serves as the foundation for the trusted answers that our customers need. The Principles are:

1.	That Reuters shall at no time pass into the hands of any one interest, group or faction;

2.	That the integrity, independence and freedom from bias of Thomson Reuters shall at all times be fully preserved;

3.	That Reuters shall supply unbiased and reliable news services to newspapers, news agencies, broadcasters and other media subscribers and to businesses, governments, institutions, individuals and others with whom Reuters has or may have contracts;

4.	That Thomson Reuters shall pay due regard to the many interests which it serves in addition to those of the media; and

5.	That no effort shall be spared to expand, develop and adapt the news and other services and products of Thomson Reuters so as to maintain its leading position in the international news and information business.

The Trust Principles


6		Trust matters

LOGO

Our culture

Purpose

Our company purpose is to Inform the Way Forward, which reflects our commitment to serve professionals, advance critical institutions and build trust through our products and with our actions.

Purpose is the reason why an organization exists beyond making a profit. It unites our commercial value and societal impact. It is an idea that infuses how we think, and everything we do as a business. Purpose defines our core reason for being and the positive impact we have on the world. It shapes our strategy, inspires our people, engages our customers and community, steers choices at moments of truth and is fully embedded in our culture.

Our products and business are central to how we Inform the Way Forward. They are how we power the most informed professionals in the world. With our customers, we increase knowledge, act with courage and integrity and pursue justice, truth and transparency — ideals on which progress is built, and value is created.

Purpose — Inform the Way Forward

Mindsets and behaviors

The Thomson Reuters Mindsets & Behaviors articulate the core mindsets (how we think) and behaviors (how we act) that will drive our business forward and ensure we deliver for our customers. They are the common, consistent and prioritized mindsets and behaviors that will make us collectively successful.

LOGO

Mindsets and behaviors


Our Culture			7

A global Code

With thousands of employees around the world, Thomson Reuters operates under a wide variety of laws and regulations. At times, we tailor our decisions and actions to specific facts and situations. Still, regardless of where we operate, our values and principles will not change. This Code underscores those values and principles while also providing a practical resource to check policies, guide decisions and help employees and others understand when and how to Seek Help. LOGO

By living our values and following the Code, we each can help spark innovation, build partnerships and drive performance. Our values and this Code help guide how we engage with our customers, our business partners (such as vendors, suppliers, agents, etc.), our colleagues and the communities where we work and live.

Reuters journalists

Because of the nature of their jobs, Reuters journalists have policies that, in some cases, are more restrictive than the company’s general policies (such as those relating to personal political activity) and, in some cases, may be less restrictive (such as reporting on what a third party might view as confidential). Reuters journalists should review the Handbook of Journalism and Seek Help LOGO for more information.

The Code applies to all employees, officers and directors of Thomson Reuters Corporation and our majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, as well as to consultants, contractors, temporary employees and agents performing services for us or on our behalf (such as our business partners). Any third parties acting for or on behalf of Thomson Reuters should be made aware of their obligation to comply with the Code.

The Code applies in every country where we do business. If there is ever a conflict between this Code and local laws and/or supplemental policies that apply to our job, we must comply with the most restrictive requirement. Each section of the Code contains a statement of principle and an explanation of why it matters, along with specific actions to take and resources for assistance. If any of us have questions about how the Code might apply, we should Seek Help. LOGO

Regulated entities

Regulated entities within Thomson Reuters may have their own policies and procedures that apply to staff acting on their behalf. These policies always take precedence over Thomson Reuters policies addressing the same topic. Seek Help LOGO for more information.


8		A global Code

LOGO

Waivers

In the unusual circumstance that you believe you may need a waiver of particular provisions of the Code, you should contact the Chief Legal Officer of Thomson Reuters. Any waiver for executive officers or directors may be granted only by the Thomson Reuters Board of Directors or a Board committee and will be disclosed by Thomson Reuters to the extent required by law, regulation or stock exchange requirement.


A global Code			9

Our responsibilities

Accountability for everyone

All Thomson Reuters employees have an obligation to hold themselves and each other to the policies and high ethical standards described in this Code. This means we each are expected to read and understand the Code, as well as any supplemental materials that might apply to us, and act accordingly. If you are unsure about any part of the Code or supplemental materials, or how to access them, then please Seek Help. LOGO We are all expected to:

Learn about, understand and comply with the laws, rules, regulations and policies that apply to our specific positions

Seek Help LOGO

if we have questions about the applicability or interpretation of any law, rule, regulation or policy

Speak up if we see or suspect unethical behavior or a violation — whether of laws, policies or this Code

Complete mandatory compliance training

Respect local customs of countries where we do business, as long as doing so does not violate laws or this Code

Acknowledge on the Intranet LOGO

that we have received and read this Code and understand our obligations to comply with it

Disciplinary action, up to and including termination and/or legal proceedings, may result from any failure to comply with laws, rules or regulations that apply to each of us; our Code; or any other Thomson Reuters policy or requirement.

Responsibilities of leaders and managers

Leaders — including managers and supervisors — at Thomson Reuters are expected to hold themselves to the same high standards that they demand of their teams. Leaders play an essential role in building a culture of transparency, open communication and trust that extends from colleagues to customers to external business partners. To help achieve this, leaders should:

Live our values every day

Listen and take action when team members raise concerns — whether big or small

Be knowledgeable about the laws, rules, regulations and policies that apply to their teams

Personally handle or escalate compliance issues appropriately

Highlight and recognize decisions that honor our values and long-term success over short-term gain

Demonstrate accountability and a willingness to listen to all points of view

Make time to discuss the importance of ethics and compliance regularly with their teams

Encourage colleagues and others to contact their manager, Human Resources, a company lawyer who supports your business or function (referred to as a “company lawyer” throughout this Code) or the Enterprise Compliance team for help when issues or questions arise and to be timely and candid in reporting any unethical or illegal conduct or compliance issues


10		Our responsibilities

Making ethical decisions LOGO

Even those of us who are very familiar with our values, this Code and our policies may find ourselves in situations where we are unsure of what course to take. In such cases, we can Seek Help. LOGO Before moving forward, ask these questions:

LOGO


Making ethical decisions			11

Speaking up and seeking help

We all have an obligation to speak up to report unethical or illegal conduct or if we reasonably believe that a violation of this Code has occurred. Our willingness to Seek Help LOGO and to accurately and truthfully describe the situation in a timely manner is of the utmost importance. Thomson Reuters values open communication.

You are encouraged to ask questions and Seek Help whenever you have a concern. Speak up even if you are not sure something problematic has occurred. You have several options for doing so: your manager, Human Resources, a company lawyer, the Enterprise Compliance team or the Business Conduct and Ethics Hotline.

Reporting fraud or suspected fraud

Report suspected fraudulent activities by current or former employees, directors, officers, contractors or third parties to Internal Audit. In addition, attempts to inappropriately influence external auditors should be reported to Internal Audit. Seek Help LOGO

Anonymity and confidentiality

There may be times when you are not comfortable contacting your manager directly about an issue (for example, if the issue concerns your manager), you can contact the Business Conduct and Ethics Hotline by logging on to

https://www.compliance-hotline.com/ ThomsonReuters.jsp where you will find instructions for reporting via phone or the website.

The Hotline is managed by an independent third party and it is available to you 24/7. You may submit a report anonymously if you choose. After reporting your question or concern, you will be able to check back in and receive status updates regarding your submission. Confidentiality will be maintained to the fullest extent possible, and information will be shared only on a need-to-know basis.

In certain countries, local laws and regulations restrict the types of reports that can be made through the Ethics Hotline or may require consent to disclose your identity. If you are in such a country and attempting to make a report, Seek Help. LOGO You can also visit the Hotline information on the Intranet LOGO ..

Nothing in the Code prohibits you from reporting potential violations of law to, or participating in an investigation conducted by national, federal, state or local government agency.


12		Speaking up and seeking help

LOGO

Retaliation is prohibited

Thomson Reuters prohibits retaliation against anyone who makes an inquiry or reports an allegation in good faith or who truthfully participates in an investigation. “Good faith” does not mean you have to be right or have incontrovertible proof — it just means you have to have a reasonable belief in the truth and accuracy of what you’re reporting. If you know or suspect someone is retaliating or are aware of plans to retaliate against you or someone else, Seek Help. LOGO

Investigations

Investigations will be conducted promptly and thoroughly, and confidentiality will be maintained to the fullest extent possible.

Information regarding complaints and reports will be maintained by the Human Resources, Legal or Internal Audit departments, as appropriate. The applicable department will maintain records of any such reports or complaints, tracking their receipt, investigation, and resolution.

Fair process and disciplinary action

All reasonable efforts will be made to determine the relevant facts behind any reported violation and bring the investigation to a timely conclusion. Any employee who becomes involved in an investigation is obligated to cooperate.

Failing to cooperate with an investigation may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination and/or legal proceedings. Failure to cooperate includes:

Knowingly providing false or misleading information

Refusing to be available for a meeting or discussion during an investigation

Knowingly withholding, destroying or deleting pertinent information


Speaking up and seeking help			13

LOGO


14

Providing equal opportunities

We are trusted to . . .

…promote equal employment and provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals.

We are committed to complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations governing nondiscrimination wherever we do business and providing equal employment opportunities with regard to hiring, compensation, promotion, classification, training, apprenticeship, referral for employment and other terms of employment for all persons without regard to the classifications listed in the Anti-discrimination section. LOGO

We also make reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with disabilities and for colleagues with sincerely held religious beliefs. For these purposes, a “reasonable accommodation” is a modification or adjustment to job duties or the work environment that enables an employee to perform the essential functions of the job while not putting undue hardship on Thomson

Reuters. Contact your manager or Human Resources if you believe you require an accommodation to perform the essential functions of your position, need a religious accommodation or have questions.

Workplace Policies on the Intranet

LOGO


Providing equal opportunities			15

Fostering a respectful workplace

We are trusted to . . .

…actively foster a work environment where everyone is treated with dignity and respect.

Why it matters

When discrimination, harassment and bullying are allowed to take root in a workplace, they inhibit communication and damage productivity. They run counter to every one of our values: trust, innovation, partnership and performance. We cannot properly share ideas and concerns or work together as a team if any member of our team or partnership feels targeted or unsafe. Additionally, these types of acts may leave us vulnerable (as individuals and as a company) to fines, lawsuits and civil or even criminal proceedings.

By putting a premium on fairness, equality, respect and dignity and not allowing discrimination, harassment and bullying, everyone who enters our workplaces should feel protected and empowered to achieve their full potential.

How we deliver

Anti-discrimination

We do not tolerate discrimination. This means we do not allow unequal treatment on the basis of:

Race, color or ethnicity

Religion

Sex or gender

Pregnancy

Gender identity or expression

Sexual orientation

Age

Marital status

National origin

Citizenship status

Disability

Veteran status

Any other classification protected by applicable laws or regulations


16		Fostering a respectful workplace

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Harassment and bullying

We also do not tolerate harassment of any kind at our workplaces, including sexual harassment and bullying. We support dignity in the workplace without regard for whether the person engaging in the conduct or the recipient is an employee, manager, vendor, supplier, customer, contractor, consultant or visitor.

This means we do not allow conduct that:

Has the purpose or effect of creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment or otherwise adversely affects an individual’s employment opportunities

Explicitly or implicitly links submission to sexual conduct as a term or condition of employment or promotion decisions

Thomson Reuters will not tolerate discrimination, harassment or bullying in the workplace. Even if local law does not explicitly prohibit these acts, we hold our employees to a higher standard.

Examples of harassment and bullying

Examples of harassment can include:

· Slurs, disparaging remarks, off-color jokes, insults, vulgar language, epithets and teasing

· Displaying offensive posters, symbols, cartoons, drawings, computer images or e-mails

Examples of sexual harassment can include:

· Unwelcome propositions, demands or advances of a sexual nature

· Unwelcome physical contact such as hugging, kissing, grabbing, pinching, patting or brushing up against someone

· Unwelcome and inappropriate remarks about someone’s body or appearance, sexual gestures or comments or unwanted verbal or physical interactions of a sexual nature

· Unwelcome vulgar or obscene gestures, language, or comments

Examples of bullying can include:

· Humiliation, threats or abuse

· Aggressive behavior

· Teasing or practical jokes

· Pressuring someone to do something against his or her will


Fostering a respectful workplace			17

Speaking up for safe workplaces

If you witness inappropriate conduct in the workplace, speak up and do not look the other way, regardless of whether the individual who engaged in the behavior is a manager, vendor, supplier, customer, contractor, consultant or visitor. If you are comfortable addressing the behavior directly with the individual who engaged in it, you may. However, you are not required to do so. In any event, you should contact the Human Resources department or Seek Help LOGO (and contact the Security Operations Center (SOC) LOGO if you believe the particular situation may require their involvement).

Thomson Reuters will take prompt and appropriate action if it determines that a violation of this policy occurs, which may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.

Managers

We hold managers (which include supervisors) to an even higher standard and require them to raise or address any inappropriate conduct they learn of in the workplace, even if they are aware of it indirectly or have not received a specific complaint about the behavior.

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18		Fostering a respectful workplace

Embracing diversity and inclusion

We are trusted to . . .

…foster an inclusive workplace and a diverse workforce that reflects the wide variety of customers and communities we serve.

Why it matters

We work best in partnership. When our workforce has an extensive range of skills, expertise and experiences, it enhances our abilities as colleagues to partner with each other and with our customers. The more perspectives we can provide, the more potential there is for innovation. The more that all employees feel valued and free to reach their full potential, the more trust can develop among all of us.

In short, a commitment to diversity and inclusion not only honors our values but also fuels our competitive edge in the global marketplace.

How we deliver

Diversity

We foster an inclusive workplace where all colleagues are valued and have the opportunity to reach their full potential.

We embrace diversity of all kinds – including in thought, experience and style. We know this drives innovation and delivers a competitive advantage.

Global Diversity & Inclusion on the Intranet


Embracing diversity and inclusion			19

Keeping workplaces safe, secure and healthy

We are trusted to . . .

…ensure a work environment where health, safety and security are paramount.

Why it matters

A safe and healthy workplace not only protects us from harm but also builds trust, prevents costly accidents and enhances the company’s reputation as a responsible corporate citizen.

How we deliver

Health and safety

To prevent dangerous conditions in our workplaces and protect our colleagues, vendors, suppliers, customers, and visitors, we:

Comply with both the letter and the spirit of all applicable occupational and environmental health and safety laws

Understand and follow all safety policies and procedures

Take any mandatory or on-the-job training that improves our ability to safely perform job responsibilities and use company equipment

Know how to safely and legally handle and dispose of hazardous materials

Require that all contractors, vendors and colleagues abide by safety regulations

Identify potential safety violations and take action to remedy these situations

Maintain accurate and up-to-date safety records

Security

We do our part to ensure the security of our workplaces by:

Following all required security procedures and access controls in our facilities

Speaking up when we see something that seems suspicious or threatening

Participating in safety-related drills and preparations

Threats, workplace violence and weapons

We do not tolerate acts or threats of violence, intimidation or hostility in our workplace, whether directed at colleagues, vendors, suppliers, customers, or visitors. We also do not allow:

Weapons or hazardous devices at any facilities leased or owned by Thomson Reuters, at Thomson Reuters– sponsored functions, or on company business unless legally allowed and cleared with prior written approval from the Global/Regional Head of Security

Behavior that injures or is likely to injure another person

The making or sending of harassing or threatening statements (regardless of how these messages are delivered)


20		Keeping workplaces safe, secure and healthy

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Behavior that damages or is likely to damage property

Stalking or surveillance of another person

Committing or threatening to commit violent acts

This policy may extend to activities outside of work if they adversely affect the company’s reputation or interests or the safety of our employees. If you feel someone is being threatened or subjected to violence, are concerned that someone may cause harm to him or herself or see something suspicious, move out of harm’s way, call the local police, follow the instructions of emergency authorities and call the SOC and Human Resources LOGO .. If there is a life-threatening emergency, contact the local police or emergency services first, then the SOC and Human Resources. LOGO

TR Corporate Security Incident Report Form

Global Security on the Intranet

Workplace Violence Prevention Policy on Workday

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Keeping workplaces safe, secure and healthy			21

Drugs and alcohol

Drugs and alcohol can be a danger to everyone in the workplace. Thomson Reuters does not allow the possession, use, purchase, sale, attempted sale, distribution, manufacturing or being under the influence of illegal drugs in its workplaces. We also do not allow the abuse or misuse of alcohol, prescription drugs or other impairing substances in the workplace, whether your workplace is in the office or remote working, or when conducting company business.

This means we:

Do not report for work while impaired by drugs or alcohol

Do not possess or consume alcohol on Thomson Reuters premises or while working without specific prior authorization from Thomson Reuters

Use good judgment when consuming alcohol at an event sponsored by Thomson Reuters, a customer or an organization that we’re supporting

Employees in violation of this policy will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination. Violations also could lead to arrest and prosecution by law enforcement if such violations involve illicit drugs or other illegal activities. Where permissible by law,

Thomson Reuters reserves the right to take appropriate steps to investigate compliance with this policy, including but not limited to drug and/or alcohol testing by qualified medical professionals and searches in the workplace.

If you believe someone in the workplace may have an issue with substance abuse or may be impaired, contact your manager or Human Resources.

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22		Keeping workplaces safe, secure and healthy

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			23

Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest

We are trusted to . . .

…act in the best interests of Thomson Reuters and avoid situations that even appear to compromise our judgment.

Why it matters

A conflict of interest may arise whenever our personal interests as individuals interfere, or appear to interfere, with the interests of the company. Conflicts of interest also can arise if we take actions or have interests that may make it difficult for us to do our jobs objectively and effectively. If broken, the bonds of trust that we have developed over time with customers and partners can be difficult to rebuild. By knowing how to recognize and disclose or avoid potential conflicts, we protect our reputation and our ability to do business effectively.

How we deliver

We avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest at all times. This means we:

Take responsibility for identifying situations that could compromise or appear to compromise our judgment

Seek Help LOGO

if we suspect a potential conflict

Disclose any potential conflicts in writing to the appropriate manager or to Human Resources to resolve the conflict and/or pre-clear it in writing with the Enterprise Compliance team and act consistently with whatever decision is made

Put the company’s interest in any business transaction ahead of any personal interest or gain

Keep in mind that not all conflicts are prohibited. Some conflicts of interest are permissible if they are disclosed and approved. Below are some of the more common areas where conflicts arise.

Relatives and friends

A conflict can arise if you or someone with whom you have a close relationship receives improper personal benefits (such as cash, gifts, entertainment, services, discounts, loans or guarantees) or is selected by Thomson Reuters as a supplier, consultant or business partner as a result of your position at Thomson Reuters.

We each must avoid putting ourselves in positions where the interests of those with whom we have a close relationship could improperly influence our decisions.

This means we avoid:

Directly or indirectly supervising colleagues with whom we have a close relationship

Taking part in hiring or promoting those with whom we have a close relationship or influencing their compensation, benefits or opportunities if they work at the company

Participating in transactions between Thomson Reuters and businesses that are owned by or that employ someone with whom we have a close relationship. It may be a conflict of interest if you or someone with whom you have a close relationship owns more than 1% of a customer, supplier or competitor


24		Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest

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Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest			25

Corporate opportunities

We may not take for ourselves any opportunity that was created or discovered through the use of company property, information or other resources or through our position at the company. This means we:

Use company property, company information and our position only to advance the company’s interests and not for personal gain

Recognize when a product, service, invention or business connection might be of interest to Thomson Reuters and communicate it to the company

Outside employment

We take on outside employment only if it does not interfere with our judgment or ability to perform our job duties at Thomson Reuters. Disclosing outside employment to your manager or the Enterprise Compliance team is required and important to ensure that your position does not interfere or conflict with your role at TR or our work with a partner or customer. This means that while working for Thomson Reuters, we each:

Ensure our employment or engagement with another company does not affect our work at Thomson Reuters

Do not accept work if it would cause us to improperly disclose the company’s confidential or proprietary information

Do not compete with Thomson Reuters or work for our competitors

Do not use company resources or time to perform work for second jobs, personal businesses, board memberships or civic positions

Practicing law on behalf of Thomson Reuters

Thomson Reuters employs many individuals with law degrees who also may be licensed to practice law. It is important to remember that only company lawyers in the General Counsel’s Office (GCO) or those who are working at the direction and under the supervision of the GCO, may practice law or provide legal advice on behalf of Thomson Reuters.

This means that while working at Thomson Reuters, employees and contractors who do not meet the above criteria may not, among other things:

Establish an attorney-client relationship on behalf of Thomson Reuters

Provide legal advice or guidance where specialized legal skills are required, such that there is an implicit representation of authority or competence to practice law

Hold themselves out as a company lawyer, which means to indicate in any manner to any other person that they are competent, authorized or available to practice law on behalf of the company

If you are unsure if you meet the criteria to practice law on behalf of Thomson Reuters, please contact the Enterprise Compliance team.


26		Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest

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Joining the Board of another company

Employees are permitted to serve on the board of private family businesses and other organizations that have no relation to Thomson Reuters or our businesses. Employees must receive approval from the Enterprise Compliance team before accepting an appointment to the board of any organization whose interests may conflict with Thomson Reuters’ interests. No employee may serve as a director of another publicly traded company unless you’ve received approval from the Thomson Reuters Chief Compliance Officer.

Organizational conflicts of interest

When dealing with the government, we avoid situations that might give Thomson Reuters an unfair competitive advantage or that could affect our ability to perform work objectively as individuals. This means we:

Follow all requirements of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in the United States and similar regulations in all the other countries where we do business

Work in good faith to address and resolve any claims of organizational conflicts of interest

Remember that many conflicts or potential conflicts can actually be resolved if they are properly disclosed in a timely manner. Refer to Making Ethical Decisions LOGO for guidance in handling potential conflicts of interest, and Seek Help LOGO if you are ever unsure about a potential conflict.


Recognizing and avoiding conflicts of interest			27

Dealing fairly and honestly

We are trusted to . . .

…compete vigorously, fairly and openly.

Why it matters

Anti-competitive practices harm customers and distort markets. These practices severely damage our relationships with customers and partners by eroding their foundational trust. Competition and antitrust laws prohibit making agreements with competitors, customers, suppliers or other third parties that limit competition. Even though competition laws are complex and dynamic, we are expected to know the law in this area. If we fail to act lawfully, we can hurt the company’s reputation and leave Thomson Reuters and ourselves open to the potential of substantial fines and even criminal prosecution.

How we deliver

Fair dealing

We treat our competitors, customers, suppliers, partners and security holders with fairness and respect.

This means we:

Comply with the letter and spirit of applicable laws

Recommend only products, services and solutions that we believe are the proper fit for each customer’s needs

Remain transparent and forthright in all contracting

Award contracts based on merit and clearly defined benchmarks

Provide accurate and timely documentation

Deliver on what we promise

Are honest and accurate in advertising and marketing claims, avoiding exaggeration, misrepresentation, and ambiguity

Take special care when making comparative claims and do not disparage or unfairly criticize a competitor’s products or services

Do not gather competitive intelligence in unlawful or unethical ways (see Competitive Intelligence )

Competition and antitrust

We abide by all competition and antitrust laws that apply to us, avoiding situations that could put us at risk of even appearing to violate these laws. This means we do not engage in discussions with competitors to:

Fix prices

Divide sales opportunities or territories

Agree not to solicit each other’s customers

Boycott or refuse to sell a particular product to a certain customer, supplier or vendor

Rig bids

Share confidential information about pricing, profits, costs, sale terms, credit terms, customers, discounts, promotions, marketing or strategic plans, mergers and acquisitions or any other sensitive information

Because competition and antitrust laws are so complex and there are some exceptions and variations from country to country, you should consult the Enterprise Compliance team before taking any action that might be considered anti-competitive.


28		Dealing fairly and honestly

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Refer to Legal and Compliance on the Intranet LOGO for the Competitive Intelligence Policy, Competition Guidelines, Creating Better Documents, Competing Fairly Summary Flyer and others.

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Dealing fairly and honestly			29

Working in our global markets

We are trusted to . . .

…act as responsible citizens in the global marketplace, relying on our performance and innovation, not on bribes or other corrupt practices, to earn business.

Why it matters

Bribes, corruption and illegal payments all have a deeply damaging impact on our society. They can harm economies, destabilize governments and undermine public trust. These types of actions can result in Thomson Reuters being prohibited from bidding on contracts. In addition, they can result in both personal and company fines and even imprisonment. As a team of thousands of professionals working around the world, we have both the power and the obligation to fight bribery and corruption wherever we encounter it. By embracing this responsibility with the business partners with whom we engage on a daily basis, we continue to bolster the reputation of Thomson Reuters. We also protect the communities where we work and help level the playing field, as we should win on the merits of our performance as individuals and as a company.

How we deliver

Anti-bribery and anti-corruption

We do not tolerate bribery or corruption in any form. This policy applies to both the public and private sectors. We take reasonable steps to ensure business partners we hire do not engage in illegal or unethical actions when acting on our behalf. We expect all Thomson Reuters business partners to meet these standards, understanding that we can be held liable for their actions, which — good or bad — reflect on the company. This means we:

Do not offer or accept bribes or kickbacks

Do not make facilitation or “grease” payments, even if they are legal in the country where requested

Report it to our manager and the Enterprise Compliance team if we are offered a bribe, asked for a bribe or asked to make a facilitation payment

Offer or accept only reasonable hospitality and business expenses

Record all payments and receipts honestly and accurately

Carry out a level of due diligence appropriate to the risk before we engage business partners


30		Working in our global markets

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Communicate our Anti-Bribery & Anti-Corruption Policy to business partners at the outset of our business relationship and as appropriate thereafter

Watch out for red flags, including vague descriptions of payments or services, payment requests in exchange for approvals or signs of over-invoicing or false invoicing

Mitigate or terminate business relationships as appropriate if we learn that a business partner may have violated our standards

Report any known or suspected violations or concerns

If you have any questions about bribery or corruption, Seek Help. LOGO

LOGO Anti-Bribery & Anti-Corruption Policy

LOGO Managing Sales and Government Business Partners Policy on the Intranet

Identifying government officials

Our policy on bribery and corruption applies to both the public and private sectors. However, dealing with government officials poses a particularly high risk due to the strict rules and regulations that often apply to giving anything of value to a government official. Some government officials are easy to identify, but others may not be. Government officials can include:

· Elected officials

· Law enforcement officers

· Customs officials

· Inspectors

· Employees at government facilities

· Military personnel and support teams

· Public utility employees

· Employees of state-owned or controlled entities, such as some oil firms, universities and media companies


Working in our global markets			31

The many forms of bribery

Bribes can take the form of anything of value being offered or given in exchange for, or as a reward for, favorable treatment. There are many business interactions that can go from legitimate to corrupt when motivated by an intention to obtain favorable treatment, including providing or accepting:

· Cash (or cash equivalents such as shares)

· Facilitation payments

· Unreasonable gifts, entertainment or hospitality

· Unexplained or excessive rebates, discounts or commissions

· Loans

· Invoices for disguised expenses

· Excessive goods and services for personal use

· Free use of Thomson Reuters services or facilities

· Favors (such as the hiring of a relative)

· Charitable donations

· Paid or unpaid internships

· Job offers or promises of future employment

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Gifts and entertainment

We use our best judgment in the giving and receiving of gifts to avoid even the appearance of improper influence. This means we:

Ensure all gifts, meals, services and entertainment we give or receive are infrequent and not excessive in value

Comply with applicable laws and regulations wherever we do business

Refuse to give or accept cash gifts

Refuse to give or accept certain cash equivalents (e.g., gift cards, gift certificates and honorariums) that exceed $100.00 (USD) unless approved by your manager, Human Resources, or the Enterprise Compliance team

Do not give or accept anything of value if it would appear to improperly obligate someone to act a certain way or if it would embarrass either party if made public

Know that when a government official is involved, we may not offer or accept gifts, meals, services or entertainment without prior approval from the Enterprise Compliance team

Will in no case connect an item of value, including gifts and travel, to an official act by a government official

Know the relevant gift policies that govern our businesses (and remember some may have more restrictive policies) and the policies of anyone who might receive a gift from us and ensure that those policies are not violated. Talk to the Enterprise Compliance team if needed

Understand that in some countries, it would be offensive to return or refuse a gift and that in such situations, we may accept the gift on behalf of Thomson Reuters and consult our manager about how the gift should be treated

If you have any questions about whether any gift, meal, service or entertainment would be acceptable under the Code, Seek Help. LOGO

Anti-Bribery & Anti-Corruption Policy


32		Working in our global markets


What is an acceptable gift?
Determining what is “not excessive in value” requires your good faith judgment. It may change depending on the situation.
Acceptable gifts and entertainment generally include:		Unacceptable gifts and entertainment generally include:

· Promotional items with company logos · Meals and entertainment of modest value when business is being conducted · Routine tickets to a local sporting or cultural event · Gifts of nominal value that are customarily given on national holidays · Prizes randomly given or received through raffles, contests or industry events		· Cash or certain cash equivalents · Events, trips or meals where there is no clear business purpose · Anything of value given to or received from a government official


Decisions matter

If you aren’t sure whether you should offer or accept a gift, ask yourself:

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Working in our global markets			33

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Sanctions, embargoes and export controls

Sanctions and export controls can be extremely complex and ever changing. As a company known for providing resources and information that enable our partners to navigate difficult legal questions, it is even more imperative we understand and abide by these laws and regulations. That is why we must follow all export restrictions applicable to us.

This means we:

Understand our individual roles when doing business in various parts of the world and with potential customers and business partners, including which trade compliance laws apply to each of our business lines

Know the current list of sanctioned or embargoed countries (see Trade Controls and Sanctions on the Intranet )

Conduct due diligence on partners, customers and prospective customers

Systematically screen prospective and current customers and business partners against the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (commonly referred to as “OFAC SDN”) and similar lists in other countries

Do not conduct unauthorized business with a sanctioned organization or individual

Know the proper procedures for products or services we are exporting

Remain alert for red flags, such as payments made through multiple accounts, requests that payments be made at odd times or in odd amounts and requests for refunds in forms that are different from the payment originally used

If you have any questions about sanctions or export controls, Seek Help. LOGO

Trade Controls Handbook and Policies on the Intranet


34		Working in our global markets

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Anti-money laundering

Money laundering is the process by which funds generated through criminal activity (such as terrorism, drug dealing or fraud) are processed through commercial transactions in order to hide the source of the proceeds, avoid reporting

requirements or evade taxes. We follow all anti-money-laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws that are applicable to us and do not condone or facilitate money laundering. This means we:

Emphasize the importance of knowing and understanding whom we deal with (“know your customer”), remain alert for possible instances of money laundering and immediately notify the Enterprise Compliance team of any suspicious activity (without informing the third party in question). Suspicious activity by customers or prospects may include:

Reluctance to provide basic information or documentation or providing false information or documentation

Using shell companies (companies without a business purpose) or complex or unusual structures, particularly within multiple high-risk jurisdictions

Requesting Thomson Reuters to provide them secrecy

Recognize that our regulated entities have enhanced obligations and those of us working in or on behalf of those businesses must make sure we understand and comply with these obligations.


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		37

Respecting our intellectual property

and that of others

We are trusted to . . .

…protect all intellectual property against misuse, whether it belongs to Thomson Reuters or to someone else.

Why it matters

Intellectual property is the lifeblood of our business. From the systems and databases we create to empower our customers with information, to the news stories we write for the public, to the processes we use in our workplaces, intellectual property is vital to our company’s identity. Knowing how important it is to us and to others, we have a special obligation to protect the intellectual property that we create and to defend all intellectual property against improper use. By doing so, we put our company, our colleagues and ourselves in the best position to innovate and win in the marketplace.

How we deliver

We recognize when intellectual property should belong to Thomson Reuters and take all necessary action to protect it. This means we:

Agree, to the extent permitted by law, that Thomson Reuters owns all intellectual property (and related rights) that we create during the course of our employment, whether we create them in the office, at home or elsewhere, if they are related to company business or created with company resources

Waive or assign to Thomson Reuters all moral rights we may have under applicable law to intellectual property that we create as employees

Promptly disclose any methods, systems, processes, designs, ideas or other patentable works we create as employees so the company can take steps to protect them

Report any unauthorized use of company copyrights, patents, trademarks or other intellectual property of which we become aware to a company lawyer

Put copyright notices on all Thomson Reuters materials, information, services or other products intended for public distribution

What are moral rights?

Moral rights are rights relating to intellectual property, and they include the right to be recognized as the creator and the right to the integrity of any works created. The waiver or assignment in this Code is designed to ensure that Thomson Reuters can take any action concerning works created by you during your employment with Thomson Reuters.


	38			Respecting our intellectual property and that of others

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Intellectual property of others

We respect the intellectual property of third parties, including competitors, and do not use it in any way that would violate the law or our values. This means we:

When necessary, get written permission to use or copy a third party’s copyrights, patents, trademarks or other intellectual property, obtain licenses or, if the circumstances require it, purchase the intellectual property outright

Ensure licensing agreements permit copying or distribution where necessary and do not impair the company’s rights before we copy or distribute third-party software

Ensure intellectual property belongs to Thomson Reuters when it is created for us by third parties or contractors, where allowable by law

Check with a company lawyer if we are in doubt about any intellectual property question

What is intellectual property?

Examples of intellectual property include:

· The Thomson Reuters name and brand names that we use

· Logo

· Copyrights

· Patents

· Service marks

· Trade secrets

· Innovations

· Software

· Processes

· Designs

· Ideas

· Images

· Data


Respecting our intellectual property and that of others			39

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Competitive intelligence

We live our values of performance and innovation by striving to better understand our competitors through extensive research and study. We obtain intelligence about our competitors only through lawful and ethical channels. In addition to following our rules on respecting the intellectual property rights of others, this means we:

Understand and follow all applicable laws and regulations before engaging in competitive intelligence gathering

Do not distribute data or other sensitive information about a competitor if it was received or accessed in circumstances that may breach any of our Competitive Intelligence Guidelines

Never misrepresent our personal or company identity to gain access to a competitor’s product or service

Do not breach contract terms or encourage third parties to do so in order to help Thomson Reuters obtain competitive intelligence

Before seeking out or using any competitive intelligence, make sure you understand our Competitive Intelligence Guidelines. Contact the Enterprise Compliance team if you have any questions about how to apply these guidelines.

The Competitive Intelligence Policy, Competitive Intelligence Policy for Third Parties, Checklist for Collecting Competitive Intelligence Online and others can be found at Legal and Compliance on the Intranet. LOGO


40		Respecting our intellectual property and that of others

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Respecting our intellectual property and that of others		41

Protecting confidential information and data privacy

We are trusted to . . .

…safeguard and protect the confidentiality and privacy of information that we hold and prevent it from being improperly accessed, shared or lost.

Why it matters

Our competitive edge depends on the security, privacy and integrity of the information we hold — whether that information belongs to us or to others. How we handle confidential and personal information sets us apart from our competition, and if we get it wrong, our customers, colleagues and company all could suffer. Improper handling could disadvantage us in the marketplace, harm consumers, leave us vulnerable to civil and criminal penalties, impede our innovation, hinder our performance and ultimately damage our business relationships.

How we deliver

Confidential information

As part of our job or position, we may learn or have access to nonpublic or inside information relating to Thomson Reuters businesses, operations, customers or business partners. If this information is not in the public domain, we should treat it as confidential. We should not share confidential information with anyone, including individuals within Thomson Reuters, unless there is a legitimate need to know and we are authorized to do so.

Strictly Confidential and Confidential LOGO information includes some of our most valuable assets, such as the following examples:

Trade secrets

Pricing policies and information

Business or strategic operating plans and outlooks, including merger, acquisition or divestiture plans

Nonpublic financial information about Thomson Reuters or our employees, customers or business partners

Nonpublic information about another organization or person that we learn about in the course of our job or as a result of our position

Reuters journalists should follow the policies and requirements of the Handbook of Journalism and seek guidance from their manager or a company lawyer.

Handbook of Journalism on the Intranet

New product, brand or marketing studies, developments, plans or forecasts

Customer data, including contact details, specifications, preferences and subscription lists

Contracts and agreements, including terms such as expiration dates, any exclusivity provisions and financial conditions

Legal information, including data or information covered by legal privilege


42		Protecting confidential information and data privacy

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Data that Thomson Reuters has a legal or contractual obligation to protect (e.g., credit card data, healthcare records or personally identifiable information)

Information about our IT systems and infrastructure

Data protection and privacy

Many countries have data protection and privacy laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, retention and transfer of certain information about individuals. This is a rapidly changing area of law, and each of us should consult the resources referenced in this section of the Code or contact the Enterprise Compliance team with any questions regarding appropriate collection, use, retention or transfer of information about individuals, including our customers, vendors, suppliers, marketing contacts, employees, contractors, consultants and other individuals.

Privacy Office on the Intranet

Information Security Handbook and Policies on the Intranet


Protecting confidential information and data privacy			43

Using and protecting our confidential information and other data

We have established information security and privacy policies and practices to protect data, whether it belongs to us, our customers or our partners. Our Thomson Reuters Privacy Program is founded upon the Privacy Management Framework, and is overseen by a dedicated, global Privacy Office within Thomson Reuters. This means we:

Understand our individual roles when collecting data in various parts of the world and from customers and business partners, including which data protection laws apply to each of our business lines

Read, understand and follow our internal privacy policies when it comes to handling data, including our policies at Thomson Reuters Privacy Office

Read, understand and follow the Information Security Handbook and policies when it comes to protecting data

Understand how data is classified at Thomson Reuters and therefore how it should be handled

Store information using only company-approved storage devices

Collect, use, retain and transfer data and information about individuals in accordance with our external LOGO

Privacy Statement and LOGO

internal Privacy Policy and applicable data protection and privacy laws and regulations

Obtain proper authorization before sharing any confidential or personal information, which might include obtaining written authorization and signing a nondisclosure or other agreement

Reporting data breaches

Any time we know or suspect that a breach of data security has occurred, whether accidental or intentional, we must report it immediately to security@thomsonreuters.com. Doing so promptly can mitigate the effects of the breach and help us take the right actions quickly to manage the incident, secure the data and reduce the risk of future breaches.

Respond to requests for information about our data-handling practices by following company processes to ensure we do so safely and properly

Ensure that we are familiar with and comply with the company’s privacy policies

Protect Thomson Reuters confidential information even after we leave the company

Privacy Office on the Intranet

Information Security Handbook on the Intranet

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44		Protecting confidential information and data privacy

Insider trading

Some of us have access to material nonpublic information about Thomson Reuters, our customers, suppliers or other companies with which Thomson Reuters either does business or is negotiating a significant transaction or agreement. Misuse of material nonpublic information could result in violations of insider trading laws and carry severe penalties. We are careful to treat this “inside information” lawfully and ethically. This means we:

Do not trade in or encourage another person to trade in Thomson Reuters securities or securities of other public companies while in possession of material nonpublic information

Do not engage in “tipping” — the disclosure of material nonpublic information about Thomson Reuters or other public companies to other people, such as relatives or friends, who may trade on the basis of the information or disclose it to others

Insider Trading Policy on the Intranet

Insiders

We have designated certain people as “Thomson Reuters Insiders” because of their position, managerial responsibilities, or access or potential access to material nonpublic information about the company. Thomson Reuters Insiders are subject to additional restrictions related to trading in securities of our company.

Inside information

Whether information is “material” and “nonpublic” depends on the facts and circumstances. Information is material if it would, if generally available, reasonably be expected to result in a significant change in, or have a significant effect on, the market price or value of any securities. Information also is material if it would have a significant influence on a reasonable investor’s investment decisions. Information is nonpublic if it is not generally known or available to the public through an official company communication, such as a press release, website posting, securities filing or distribution to shareholders or through widely reported media coverage. Examples of material nonpublic information may include:

· Earnings results and any future financial forecasts or outlooks that have not been publicly disclosed

· Significant changes in business operations or strategies

· Significant potential acquisitions or sales

· Cybersecurity or other technology-related risks and incidents, including vulnerabilities and breaches

· Gains or losses of major suppliers or customers

· Introductions or launches of new, significant products or services

· Changes in senior management or our Board of Directors

· Actual or threatened significant lawsuits or material government or regulatory investigations

If you are not sure whether certain information is considered material or nonpublic, consult a company lawyer for guidance before engaging in any securities transactions.


Protecting confidential information and data privacy			45

Using information and communications

systems responsibly

We are trusted to . . .

…respect company communications systems and use them appropriately so that they operate as efficiently and effectively as possible.

Why it matters

Nearly all of the work Thomson Reuters does on a daily basis runs in some way through our information and communications systems. When we each take personal responsibility for using these systems properly, it protects the integrity of the data we store and transmit, and it ensures that we all have prompt access to the systems we need to help our company thrive. Likewise, improper use leaves us all vulnerable to hackers, data breaches, shutdowns and miscommunications, as well as legal repercussions.

How we deliver

We use company information and communications systems properly. This means we:

Limit personal use of e-mail, the internet and phones

When sending e-mail or opening attachments, follow the process of “think before you click”

Do not access, download or send material that is offensive, harassing, explicit or otherwise inappropriate for work

Never use, download or redistribute personal, unauthorized or copyrighted software on work devices

Never share user IDs, passwords, access details, software, services or authentication devices (e.g., SecureID tokens) that are intended for individual use to gain access to a system

You must only use Thomson Reuters authorized collaboration tools and devices for official Thomson Reuters business

Third party instant messaging solutions such as WhatsApp and Signal are unapproved for Thomson Reuters business purposes

Respect company security controls and access information only within our authorized level

Never use personal devices to store or access company data

Never share data classified as Strictly Confidential, Confidential or Internal Use with 3rd parties

Avoid careless, exaggerated or inaccurate statements that could be easily misunderstood or used against Thomson Reuters in legal proceedings

We recognize some guidelines may run counter to specific job duties performed by some of you. To request a business exception to any of these policies or guidelines, contact the TR Global Service Desk LOGO

for instructions

Report any suspected breaches or incidents to security@thomsonreuters.com

Information Security Handbook and policies

Mobile Device Management Standard


46		Using information and communications systems responsibly

LOGO

Monitoring and recording

Where permitted by applicable law, Thomson Reuters reserves the right to monitor and record your use of information, communications, technology or infrastructure owned or supplied by Thomson Reuters.


Using information and communications systems responsibly		47

Safeguarding our assets

We are trusted to . . .

…use company assets properly and protect them against loss, theft, misuse, damage and waste.

Why it matters

Thomson Reuters computers, phones, office supplies and facilities exist for the purpose of helping us all maximize our performance as individuals, as a team and as a business. By respecting these assets, we ensure they remain accessible and fully functional when our customers and colleagues need them. We also help make sure company time and resources are used on positive initiatives, not on fixing preventable problems.

How we deliver

We use company assets for legitimate and authorized business purposes only. We consider misappropriation, carelessness or waste of assets to be a breach of our duty and the taking of assets from company property without permission to be theft. This means we:

Access company systems or information only when we are authorized and enabled to do so

Never use company assets for illegal activities

Limit personal use of company assets to when it does not interfere with our work and does not violate this Code

Prevent improper third-party use of company property

Immediately report any loss, theft, misuse, damage or waste

Stop using all Thomson Reuters assets in our possession or that we have access to and return them if we leave the company

Global Security on the Intranet

Information Security on the Intranet

Our assets

Examples of assets of Thomson Reuters include:

· Computers, printers, copiers, scanners and monitors

· Phones, tablets and other mobile devices

· Intellectual property, such as software codes, licenses, brand names, business plans and inventions

· Buildings and other physical property

· Office supplies and equipment

· Customer, supplier or distributor lists and information

· Memos, notes and other documents made by us or a third-party business partner


48		Safeguarding our assets

LOGO


		49

Accurate financial records

We are trusted to . . .

…maintain records that are in accordance with company accounting policies and legal requirements.

Why it matters

We are a publicly listed company, and our global operations require us to comply with various securities and financial reporting obligations. When we each take accountability for ensuring the financial records that we handle are accurate and complete, we protect the company’s reputation for integrity and uphold our commitment to trust. Reliable financial reporting allows shareholders to fairly assess our performance, provides management with information to allocate our resources most effectively and prevents violations.

How we deliver

We produce accurate, fair and timely records for management, directors, shareholders, government regulators and others. This means we:

Take personal responsibility for ensuring all books and records — including time sheets, sales records and expense reports — are complete, accurate and documented

Never keep unrecorded, undisclosed or off-the-books records

Do not falsify or distort facts of any transaction

Record and disclose transactions in a timely manner, supported by documentation

Exercise reasonable diligence when approving transactions and expenditures or signing documents

Understand the importance of internal controls and consistently comply with them

Pay business-related expenses with company funds only if we have authorization from our manager

Provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosures in public communications and in reports or documents that we file with, or submit to, securities regulatory authorities and stock exchanges

Prepare disclosures in accordance with Thomson Reuters disclosure controls and procedures and other internal policies

Disclosure Controls and Procedures on the Intranet

LOGO


50		Accurate financial records

Tax payments and records

We have the responsibility to ensure that reasonable procedures are in place to prevent those acting on behalf of Thomson Reuters (including employees, agents, contractors, service providers, distributors and other associated persons) do not dishonestly or knowingly facilitate the evasion of taxes (for ourselves or those with whom we do business) anywhere in the world.

Tax evasion includes activities such as: failure to register as a taxpayer in a local jurisdiction, under-reporting of income, claiming non-allowable expenses, issuing invoices for services not received, backdating documents, deliberately mispricing assets or helping to move assets/ funds knowing that tax will be evaded as a result.

Raising concerns

We have a responsibility to raise good faith concerns about questionable accounting, auditing, disclosures or controls. The Audit Committee of the Thomson Reuters Board of Directors is committed to facilitating employee efforts to make these concerns known and has established procedures for how complaints about accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters and disclosure controls should be treated. This includes procedures for receiving, retaining and processing such complaints, as well as for confidential and anonymous submission of concerns.

In addition, it is unlawful to fraudulently influence, coerce, manipulate or mislead any independent public or certified accountant who is auditing our financial statements.

Seek Help for more information, including on how to submit reports anonymously.

Protocol for Internal Reporting and Investigation of a Fraud Allegation on the Intranet

Reportable auditing and accounting issues

You should promptly report complaints or concerns involving:

· Fraud or deliberate errors in preparation, maintenance, evaluation or review of any Thomson Reuters financial statement or record

· Deficiencies in or noncompliance with internal accounting controls

· Misrepresentation or false statements to or by a senior officer or accountant regarding financial audits or records

· Deviations from full and fair reporting of the company’s financial condition

Reportable fraud

Report any other types of fraud or dishonest activity that you have seen or suspect, including:

· Questionable transactions with customers, agents, vendors or other consultants

· Forgeries or other alterations of documents

· Billings that are higher or lower than agreed-upon prices for products or services

· Payments made for any reason other than described in a contract

· Payments made through intermediaries that deviate from everyday business transactions

· Transfers to or deposits in the bank account of an individual instead of the company we contracted with

· Embezzlement, theft or misappropriation of company or customer assets

· Verbal arrangements with customers or unauthorized written agreements that are outside of an official contract

· Any activity intended to unfairly influence commission payments


Accurate financial records		51

Managing our records

We are trusted to . . .

…properly maintain and dispose of electronic and physical records.

Why it matters

As a largely information-based business, Thomson Reuters generates thousands of business records every day, in addition to financial records. These records must be created, stored and disposed of according to strict legal and regulatory requirements. When we can access records in a timely fashion, we provide better service to our business partners and we avoid risks around audits, regulatory issues or litigation. At the same time, records kept past their disposal dates can create avoidable information security, privacy or legal risks.

How we deliver

We care for, store, retrieve and dispose of our business records according to applicable records management policy. This means we:

Consistently organize our filing, storage and retrieval of electronic and physical recorded information

Use the proper storage method specified by legal, fiscal, regulatory or operational requirements

Protect records from loss, damage or deletion and back them up regularly

Retain all records related to any pending or threatened litigation or government investigation until otherwise directed by a company lawyer

Dispose of all records (electronic and physical) according to retention and disposal schedules

It may be a criminal offense to destroy or falsify documents or e-mails related to a legal proceeding. Contact the Enterprise Compliance team if you have questions about retention policies or if you have legal questions about whether a document should be retained.


		Records & Information Governance on the Intranet

What is a record?

A record is any recorded information (electronic or physical) made or received and retained by an organization in pursuance of legal obligations or value to the government or in the transaction of business.


52		Managing our records

LOGO


Managing our records		53

Contract authorization

We are trusted to . . .

…sign contracts or agreements on behalf of Thomson Reuters only if we are authorized.

Why it matters

Thomson Reuters is subject to different laws and regulations in all the places we operate. Even small errors or miscommunications made in contracting can mean that we are vulnerable to delays, legal action and fines. These issues also can fracture the precious trust we have built with our customers and business partners. Each of us should be involved in the contracting process only if we have been authorized and are experienced in doing so.

Government contracting

Government contracting laws and regulations can be complex and are often subject to change. The Thomson Reuters Government Contract Compliance Policy provides guidance on contracting with governments. For guidance specific to your location, consult a company lawyer to verify that you are complying with applicable laws, policies and standards.

How we deliver

We strive to deliver and receive what was promised in our contracts and agreements. This means we:

Consult the Procurement department for third-party vendor or supplier contracts

Follow the procurement policies that govern how we manage company spend and commitments to our suppliers

Ensure that any agreement, contract or proposal is carefully reviewed and properly authorized and signed by the appropriate signatories and legal entities

Do not provide or agree to unapproved non-standard terms or unauthorized “side letters” to customers or business partners

Ensure complete, accurate documentation of contracts, related orders and customer status in applications to process customer accounts

Follow the rules that govern public procurement when providing products and services to governments


		Government Contracting policies on the Intranet
		Global Services Policies on the Intranet


54		Contract authorization

LOGO



Unauthorized side letters

Unauthorized side letters are undisclosed, unapproved letters, e-mails, notes or verbal agreements that vary standard contract terms. They may bind us to something we cannot deliver or expose us to unwanted liability. They can include:

· Early outs, or the ability for the customer to terminate before the contract expires · Guarantees that the customer will achieve certain milestones · Statements that directly contradict parts of the contract, notably payment terms · Commitments for products or services Thomson Reuters is unable or unwilling to provide or perform · Offers of free or discounted products or services


Contract authorization		55

The media and using social media responsibly

We are trusted to . . .

…speak and post on social media on behalf of Thomson Reuters with care and only if we are authorized to do so.

Why it matters

We are fully aware of the power of media and our responsibility to use it wisely. Our company’s stock price, reputation and ability to compete all can be affected by the information we make public. By being aware of the risks and not appearing to speak for the company without authorization, we can help make sure the company consistently gets an accurate message across to its intended audience while also exercising our individual right to post independently on social media.

How we deliver

If we receive requests for information from outside of the company, even seemingly simple ones, we refer them to colleagues authorized to act as company spokespersons. These spokespersons:

Handle requests from media, shareholders, financial analysts and government authorities

Disclose information according to the requirements of securities regulatory authorities and stock exchanges

Ensure that the information disclosed is accurate and that Thomson Reuters is ready to go public with it

Media appearances and public speaking

If an employee, delivers a speech at a conference, participates in a panel discussion or gives an interview in the media, they are assumed to be speaking on behalf of the company. Approval is required for these external activities, including your manager and the Communications team. Explicit manager and communications approval is needed for any employee that wishes to speak at a conference/event, or provides any comment to a member of the press. If you are unexpectedly approached by the media — in person at a conference or under any other circumstances — you must consult the Communications team before agreeing to an interview. In some instances, we may need to make it clear that these views do not represent those of Thomson Reuters; Communications can advise accordingly in such cases.

Social media

As a leading provider of business information services, Thomson Reuters recognizes and encourages active participation in social media and online communications. We do so responsibly. This means we:

Are transparent and, if writing about Thomson Reuters or its products, services or industry, always disclose that we are employees, whether talking on behalf of the company or in a personal capacity

If writing personally and there is any risk of confusion, however slight, make it clear that the views expressed are personal and not the company’s views

Unless authorized by the company to do so, do not reveal confidential data or sensitive information about the company or its customers, vendors or suppliers

Are careful to avoid discussing company trade secrets, contracting, upcoming product releases or any other proprietary information


56		The media and using social media responsibly

LOGO

Act sensibly and follow the Social Media Guidelines if we post externally about fellow employees, customers, vendors, suppliers or partner organizations

Do not create Thomson Reuters–branded social media channels without Digital Oversight Committee approval

Make sure the time and effort we spend on social media do not interfere with our job duties

Are mindful of what we post, even when it’s not related to Thomson Reuters

Be aware that some of us in certain jobs may have supplemental policies regarding social media. If you have any additional questions on personal or corporate social media use, please contact the Communications team.

Social Media Guidelines on the Intranet

LOGO


The media and using social media responsibly			57

LOGO


58		The media and using social media responsibly

LOGO


			59

Being a responsible global corporate citizen

We are trusted to . . .

…respect human rights and our environment and to hold our employees, customers, vendors, suppliers and other business partners to the same high standard we demand of ourselves.

Why it matters

Thomson Reuters works with thousands of professionals all over the world, and as members of the United Nations Global Compact, we are committed to creating positive change in the areas of human rights and environmental responsibility. We are aligned to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and, as part of this obligation, we have established a Human Rights Policy that underscores our commitment and approach to human rights. We are committed to respecting all internationally recognized human rights and treating all our colleagues with dignity and respect, and we expect our business partners to do the same. This cultivates a safe, skilled and reliable workforce across our global operations, and it builds trust and partnership — two core business values that reflect how we do business. We also are committed to protecting and preserving the environment, as well as seeking sustainable sourcing solutions. We know that our responsibilities are great, as are our opportunities, which is why we are committed to driving innovation and performance, proving to our partners, our employees and the world that we are leaders committed to long-term success.


		Global Diversity & Inclusion on the Intranet
		United Nations Global Compact Policy
		United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

How we deliver

Human rights

We strive to protect human rights and worker rights wherever we do business. This means we:

Comply with local labor laws and practices and maintain our own high ethical standards of worker treatment

Do not condone or use forced or child labor or engage in human trafficking or slavery

Do not condone human rights violations

Engage workers on the basis of recognized employment or independent contractor relationships in accordance with local law

Provide clear information about wages and benefits to workers before they’re hired

Ensure wages and benefits comply with applicable laws

Respect workers’ rights to associate freely, join or form unions or works councils and bargain collectively in accordance with local law

Work with high-quality suppliers and other partners that have committed to operating under ethical standards equivalent to our own

If you believe you’ve encountered a violation of our human rights standards, either within one of our workplaces or involving one of our business partners, contact your manager, Human Resources or the Enterprise Compliance team.


		Human Rights Policy on the Intranet
		Supply Chain Ethical Code
		Modern Slavery Act Transparency Statement
		Social Impact Report


60		Being a responsible global corporate citizen

LOGO

Environmental responsibility

We are committed to limiting our environmental impact. By managing our resources and seeking sustainable solutions, we can ensure a better future for all of us. This means we:

Comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations, meeting or exceeding their requirements

Know and follow all company policies and procedures aimed at ensuring environmental safety and resource efficiency

Understand the potential dangers and safe practices of any hazardous and/or regulated materials before allowing them into our workplaces

Seek opportunities to support conservation and recycling in our workplaces

Take responsibility as individuals to find new ways to make our workplaces more sustainable

For more information on our sustainability efforts, please see the Social Impact Report LOGO

Contact Global Real Estate & Facility Management LOGO

if you have any environmental safety concerns or if you have ideas on how to increase our sustainability or bolster our conservation efforts even more.


		United Nations Global Compact Policy Principles
		Environment, Health and Safety Policy on the Intranet

Responsible sourcing and the Supply Chain Ethical Code

We actively seek suppliers who share our ethical standards and commitment to environmentally sound and sustainable practices. This means we:

Perform due diligence on third-party suppliers

Include renewable energy, pollution control and sustainability among the factors in our process of choosing suppliers

Seek a diverse supply chain that reflects our employee base, customers and partners around the world

Make prospective and current suppliers aware of our Supply Chain Ethical Code and seek their commitment in following it


		Supply Chain Ethical Code
		Modern Slavery Act Transparency Statement


Being a responsible global corporate citizen		61

Contributing to our communities

We are trusted to . . .

…support the communities where we live and work by investing in people and projects that make a positive difference.

Why it matters

Thomson Reuters operates on a global scale and relies on local relationships and resources for support. When we improve our communities, we can improve the lives of our current and future workforce, as well as the lives of our customers. By seeking worthy causes to support and inviting collaboration and open communication, we can help our communities grow and succeed with us.

How we deliver

We collaborate with our colleagues and partners to support our communities and encourage charitable work. This means we:

Listen to the concerns of community members and work together on solutions

Connect Thomson Reuters to charitable causes only with prior approval

Reward our colleagues’ commitment to serving communities through key programs and celebrate group efforts in the community with Community Champion Grants

Offer all regular employees time off for volunteering consistent with regional or other policies that govern volunteering

Ensure all in-kind donations, such as equipment, are approved by our Tax and Finance departments

Have a program that matches employees’ qualifying personal charitable giving and fundraising efforts

Offer a Volunteer Grants program where employees who volunteer more than 20 hours per year for a nonprofit can access a charitable grant

If you have a community cause or event you think the company might be interested in supporting, contact

Social Impact on the Intranet.


		Social Impact on TR.com
		Volunteering Policy
		Community Support Policy


62		Contributing to our communities

LOGO

What is the Social Impact Institute?

The Social Impact Institute focuses on the impact we all can have on our customers and communities. At Thomson Reuters, access to justice and transparency is at the heart of everything we do. We collaborate with our employees, customers and trusted partners to create opportunities for innovation, community investment, volunteer impact and sustainable corporate citizenship.

Social Impact on the Intranet

Social Impact on TR.com


Contributing to our communities			63

Participating in the political process

We are trusted to . . .

…support and respect each other’s individual right to take part in political activities while keeping Thomson Reuters separate from any political activity.

Why it matters

The political process can be an effective way to create positive change in our world. However, rules regarding companies’ political donations are strict in most countries where Thomson Reuters operates. Therefore, we must make sure Thomson Reuters is not mistakenly connected to any political group or activity. This is especially important for our news operations, which our Trust Principles LOGO dictate must remain free from political bias, both in appearance and in practice. Just as the Trust Principles apply to all Thomson Reuters employees and not journalists alone, so too does the obligation for all of us to ensure that the company is not improperly linked to any particular political group or activity.

How we deliver

Although we encourage employees to responsibly participate in politics and civic matters as individuals, Thomson Reuters does not support any political party, candidate, group or religion (i.e., any “political cause”).

This means the company:

Never makes contributions to any political cause as a company

Never requires any employee to contribute to, support or oppose any cause

Does not express a preference for or support, directly or indirectly, any political cause or take sides in international conflicts or disputes

Is careful not to align Thomson Reuters or its businesses with any political cause or with a particular side in any dispute

Obtains prior approval from the Enterprise Compliance team before taking an external position on advocacy — for example, joining a business consortium on a particular initiative

Lobbying

At times, we may discuss with government officials various issues and topics that could impact our business, regulators and politicians. When these discussions focus on the possible impact of proposed laws, rules or regulations on our business, we adhere to the Trust Principles and obtain prior approval from the Enterprise Compliance team before taking an external position on potential legislation, policy, program or position of federal, state, provincial or local government. If we do take a position, we must follow all applicable lobbying laws, restrictions and regulations. We will not provide anything of value, including gifts or campaign contributions, to a government official without prior approval from the Enterprise Compliance team or connect any item of value to an official act by a government official.


64		Participating in the political process

LOGO

Independence from foreign government interests

In the United States, we are exempt from coverage of the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) because we only engage in activities in support of Thomson Reuters commercial business, and do not directly promote the public or political interests of a foreign government or foreign political party. In no event will our corporate or individual political activities be directed by a foreign government or foreign political party. If we conduct activities of a political nature in the United States, those activities will be authorized only to the extent they further the bona fide commercial, industrial or financial operations of Thomson Reuters. We will therefore represent the interests of our non-U.S. citizen stakeholders only through authorized private and nonpolitical activities related to our commercial interests, or through other activities not serving predominantly any foreign interest.

Personal political activity

If we plan to campaign for or serve in political office as individuals, we are careful to separate ourselves from Thomson Reuters in these efforts. This means we:

Notify the Enterprise Compliance team about plans to run for office and excuse ourselves from any political matters involving Thomson Reuters

Do not pressure or influence co-workers, customers or business partners whom we know through our job at Thomson Reuters in ways related to our own personal political activity

Do not reimburse employees or increase compensation to make up for personal political contributions

Abide by laws and regulations in those states and countries that limit political contributions by employees or their family members

Take special care to make it clear that our political activities and expressed political views are personal and not those of Thomson Reuters — especially if our business works with a governmental entity

Supplemental policies

Be aware that some of us in certain jobs may have supplemental policies regarding lobbying and personal political activity.


Participating in the political process		65

Seek Help: Helpful contact information

General Contacts for External Inquiries (Including Investor and Media Relations)

On TR.com: https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/contact-us.html

Human Resources Representatives, Thomson Reuters Lawyers and Communications Representatives

If you do not know how to contact your local Human Resources representative, a Thomson Reuters lawyer who supports your business or your local Communications representative, please review the list below. You also can find contact information and additional policies and procedures in the “Resources” section of the Intranet.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

On the Intranet: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/
intr- code-of-business-conduct-and-ethics

On TR.com: https://ir.thomsonreuters.com/corporate-governance/code-conduct

Ethics Hotline

On the Intranet: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/
intr-business-conduct-and-ethics-hotline

Telephone: + (1) 877.373.8837 (outside of the United States and Canada, dial your country access number first to dial toll-free)

Web Form: http://www.thomsonreuters.ethicspoint.com

Legal / Compliance Policies, Tools and Resources

On the Intranet: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/
intr-legal-and-compliance-policies-tools-and-resources

General Counsel’s Office - Legal Front Door

https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/intr-general-counsel

Enterprise Compliance

echelp@thomsonreuters.com

Records & Information Governance

echelp@thomsonreuters.com

Privacy Office

privacy.enquiries@thomsonreuters.com

Corporate Compliance and Audit Department

corporatecompliance@thomsonreuters.com

Reuters Ethics + Standards

Reuters.Ethics@thomsonreuters.com

Human Resources Contacts for Employees and Managers

On the Intranet: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/intr-hr

Global Security

On the Intranet: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/intr-global-real-estate/SitePages/Global-Security.aspx

Security Operations Center SOC (Security Emergencies)

Global Telephone: +1 651 848 8835

E-mail: SecurityOps@thomsonreuters.com

Webform: https://thomsonreuters.ethicspointvp.com/ custom/thomsonreuters/en/sec/

Environmental Health and Safety

tr.ehs@thomsonreuters.com

TR Global Service Desk

On the Intranet: https://thomsonreuters.service-now.com/ sp/?id=index

Information Security Risk Management (ISRM)

security@thomsonreuters.com

Go to the Table of contents. LOGO


66		Seek Help: Helpful contact information

Legal notice

This Code serves as a reference to you. Thomson Reuters reserves the right to modify, suspend or revoke this Code and any and all policies, procedures and programs in whole or in part, at any time, with or without notice. Thomson Reuters also reserves the right to interpret this Code and these policies in its sole discretion as it deems appropriate.

Neither this Code nor any statements made by any employee of Thomson Reuters, whether oral or written, confer any rights, privileges or benefits on any employee, create an entitlement to continued employment at Thomson Reuters, establish conditions of employment or create an express or implied employment contract of any kind between employees and Thomson Reuters. In addition, all employees should understand that this Code does not modify their employment relationship, whether at will or governed by a written contract.

The version of this Code that appears online at www.thomsonreuters.com may be more current and up-to-date and supersedes any paper copies or previous versions should there be any discrepancy between paper copies, previous versions and what is posted online.

THOMSON REUTERS

www.thomsonreuters.com

Front cover photo credit: REUTERS/Dominic Ebenbichler


Legal notice			67

Internal: https://trten.sharepoint.com/sites/intr-code-of-business-conduct-and-ethics

External: https://ir.thomsonreuters.com/corporate-governance/code-conduct

LOGO

EX-99.8 - AUDIT COMMITEE CHARTER

Exhibit 99.8

THOMSON REUTERS

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

ADOPTED EFFECTIVE

MARCH 6, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


1.	PURPOSE	1
2.	MEMBERS	1
3.	RESPONSIBILITIES	1
4.	COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE	7
5.	REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE	8
6.	REVIEW	8
7.	ASSESSMENT	8
8.	MEETINGS	8
9.	CHAIR	9
10.	REMOVAL AND VACANCIES	9
11.	ACCESS TO MANAGEMENT AND OUTSIDE ADVISORS	9
12.	DEFINITIONS	9

- i -

THOMSON REUTERS

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER

1.	PURPOSE

The Audit Committee is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Thomson Reuters Corporation (the “Corporation”) in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in relation to:

•

the integrity of financial statements and other financial information relating to the Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Thomson Reuters”);

•

the qualifications, independence and performance of Thomson Reuters auditor;

•

the adequacy and effectiveness of Thomson Reuters internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;

•

the effectiveness of Thomson Reuters internal audit function;

•

the assessment and management of risk;

•

disclosures related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters; and

•

any additional matters delegated to the Audit Committee by the Board.

2.	MEMBERS

The Board must appoint a minimum of three and a maximum of eight directors to be members of the Audit Committee. The members of the Audit Committee are selected by the Board on the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee. All members of the Audit Committee must meet the criteria for independence contained in applicable law and stock exchange rules and requirements.

Every member of the Audit Committee shall, in the judgment of the Board, be Financially Literate or must become Financially Literate within a reasonable period of time after appointment to the Audit Committee. In addition, in the judgment of the Board, at least one member of the Audit Committee shall have accounting or related financial management expertise (in accordance with applicable NYSE rules), and at least one member shall be an Audit Committee Financial Expert.

Members of the Audit Committee may not serve on more than two other public company audit committees except with the prior approval of the Board.

3.	RESPONSIBILITIES

The Audit Committee is responsible for performing the duties set out below as well as any other duties that are otherwise required by applicable law or stock exchange rules and requirements or are delegated to the Audit Committee by the Board.

- 1 -

(a) Appointment and Review of the Auditor

The auditor is accountable to the Audit Committee and reports directly to the Audit Committee. Accordingly, the Audit Committee will evaluate and be directly responsible for Thomson Reuters relationship with the auditor. Specifically, the Audit Committee will:

•

select, evaluate and recommend to the Board, to put forward for shareholder approval at the annual meeting, the auditor to be proposed for appointment or reappointment, as the case may be, to prepare or issue an auditor’s report as well as perform audit, review, attest or other services for the Corporation;

•

review and approve the auditor’s engagement letter;

•

after seeking and taking into account the views of senior management and the officer in charge of internal audit, review the independence, experience, qualifications and performance of the auditor, including the lead audit partner;

•

oversee the auditor’s work, including investigating and resolving any disagreements between senior management and the auditor regarding financial reporting or the internal audit function;

•

at least annually, obtain and review a report by the auditor describing its internal quality-control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the auditor and any steps taken to deal with any such issues; and

•

where appropriate, terminate the auditor.

(b) Confirmation of the Auditor’s Independence

At least annually, and before the auditor issues its report on the Corporation’s annual consolidated financial statements, the Audit Committee will:

•

confirm that the auditor has submitted a formal written statement describing all of its relationships with Thomson Reuters that, in the auditor’s professional judgment, may reasonably be thought to bear on its independence;

•

discuss with the auditor any disclosed relationships or services, including any non-audit services the auditor has provided to Thomson Reuters, that may affect its independence;

•

obtain written confirmation from the auditor that it is independent with respect to Thomson Reuters within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct adopted by the Ontario Institute of Chartered Accountants, the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the standards established by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; and

•

confirm that the auditor has complied with applicable law with respect to the rotation of certain members of the audit engagement team for Thomson Reuters.

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(c) Pre-Approval of Non-Audit Services

The Audit Committee will pre-approve the appointment of the auditor for any non-audit services, provided that it will not approve any services that are prohibited under applicable law. The Audit Committee has established policies and procedures, and may revise such from time to time, which pre-approve the appointment of the auditor for certain non-audit services. In addition, the Audit Committee may delegate to one or more members the authority to pre-approve the appointment of the auditor for any non-audit services to the extent permitted by applicable law, provided that any pre-approvals granted pursuant to such delegation shall be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting following such pre-approval.

(d) Communications with the Auditor

The Audit Committee has the authority to communicate directly with the auditor and will meet privately with the auditor as frequently as the Audit Committee determines is appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, which will not be less frequently than annually, to discuss any items of concern to the Audit Committee or the auditor, including, without limitation:

•

planning and staffing of the audit;

•

any material written communications between the auditor and senior management, such as any management representation letter, management letter, schedule of adjusted differences and summary of uncorrected misstatements;

•

whether or not the auditor is satisfied with the quality and effectiveness of financial recording procedures and systems;

•

the extent to which the auditor is satisfied with the nature and scope of its examination;

•

any instances of fraud or other illegal acts involving senior management or employees involved in financial reporting of Thomson Reuters;

•

whether or not the auditor has received the full cooperation of senior management and other employees of Thomson Reuters and whether the auditor has encountered any audit problems or difficulties in the course of its audit work, including any restrictions on the scope of the auditor’s work or access to required information and any significant disagreements with management (along with management’s response);

•

the auditor’s observations of the competence and performance of the Chief Financial Officer and other key financial personnel; and

•

the items required to be communicated to the Audit Committee under the standards established by the PCAOB, Canadian authoritative guidance or under Canadian generally accepted auditing standards (“GAAS”).

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(e) Review of the Audit Plan

The Audit Committee will discuss with the auditor the nature of an audit and the responsibility assumed by the auditor when conducting an audit of financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”). The Audit Committee will review a summary of the auditor’s audit plan.

(f) Review of Auditor’s Fees

The Audit Committee will determine the auditor’s fees and other terms of the auditor’s engagement. In determining the auditor’s fees, the Audit Committee will consider, among other things, the number and nature of reports to be issued by the auditor, the quality of the internal control over financial reporting of Thomson Reuters, the size, complexity and financial condition of Thomson Reuters and the extent of internal audit and other support to be provided to the auditor by Thomson Reuters.

(g) Review of Annual Financial Statements

The Audit Committee will review and discuss the annual consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and the related management’s discussion and analysis with senior management and the auditor, before recommending them for approval by the Board.

The Audit Committee will also review and discuss the following with the senior management and the auditor:

•

critical accounting policies and practices used or to be used by Thomson Reuters;

•

critical audit matters to be disclosed in the auditor’s report; and

•

alternative treatments of financial information within IFRS that have been discussed with senior management, ramifications of the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments, and the treatment preferred by the auditor.

(h) Approval of Quarterly Financial Statements and Earnings Press Releases

The Audit Committee will review and approve the quarterly consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and the related management’s discussion and analysis after discussion with senior management and the auditor. The Audit Committee will also engage the auditor to review the consolidated quarterly financial statements of the Corporation prior to the Audit Committee’s review of such financial statements.

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The Audit Committee will review and approve annual and quarterly earnings press releases prior to their public release. The Audit Committee will also discuss financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies. The Audit Committee will also review the type and presentation of information to be included in earnings press releases and guidance (including the use of “pro forma” or “adjusted” non-IFRS financial measures). The Audit Committee’s discussion of financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies may be done generally (i.e., discussion of the types of information to be disclosed and the type of presentation to be made) and the Audit Committee need not discuss in advance each instance in which the Corporation may provide such information or guidance.

(i) Review of Other Financial Information

The Audit Committee will:

•

periodically assess the adequacy of procedures that are in place for management’s review of all other financial information extracted or derived from Thomson Reuters financial statements that were previously reviewed by the Audit Committee before such information is released to the public, including, without limitation, financial information or statements for use in prospectuses or other offering or public disclosure documents and financial statements required by regulatory authorities;

•

review major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations, including any significant changes in Thomson Reuters selection or application of accounting principles, and major issues as to the adequacy of Thomson Reuters internal control over financial reporting and any special audit steps adopted in light of any material control deficiencies;

•

review analyses prepared by management and/or the auditor setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of Thomson Reuters financial statements, including analyses of the effects of alternative IFRS methods on the financial statements; and

•

review the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives as well as off-balance sheet structures on the financial statements.

(j) Review of the Internal Audit Function

The Audit Committee will review the mandate, budget, planned activities, staffing and organizational structure of Thomson Reuters internal audit function (part of which may be outsourced to a firm other than the auditor) to confirm that it is independent of management and has sufficient resources to carry out its mandate. The Audit Committee will discuss this mandate with the auditor.

The Audit Committee will review the appointment and replacement of the officer in charge of internal audit and will review summaries of reports to management prepared by the internal audit department and management’s responses. The Audit Committee will also annually review the effectiveness of the internal audit function and will report its findings to the Board.

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The officer in charge of internal audit reports directly to the Chair of the Audit Committee and has a dotted line reporting relationship to the Chief Financial Officer. The Audit Committee has the authority to communicate directly with the officer in charge of internal audit and will meet privately with him or her as frequently as the Audit Committee determines is appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, which will not be less frequently than annually, to discuss any areas of concern to the Audit Committee or the officer in charge of internal audit.

(k) Relations with Senior Management

The Audit Committee members will meet privately with senior management as frequently as the Audit Committee determines is appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, which will not be less frequently than annually, to discuss any areas of concern to the Audit Committee or senior management.

The Audit Committee will review the appointment and replacement of the Chief Accounting Officer & Controller and the Treasurer and jointly recommend with the Human Resources Committee the appointment and replacement of the Chief Financial Officer, and review succession plans for such positions and other senior finance positions at least annually.

(l) Oversight of Internal Controls and Disclosure Controls

The Audit Committee will review with senior management the adequacy and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (within the meaning of applicable law) that is maintained by Thomson Reuters to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS. The Audit Committee will review any special audit steps adopted in light of material weaknesses or significant deficiencies (in each case within the meaning of applicable law).

The Audit Committee will review with senior management the adequacy and effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (within the meaning of applicable law) that are maintained by Thomson Reuters to confirm that material information about Thomson Reuters that is required to be disclosed under applicable law or stock exchange rules and requirements is disclosed within the required time periods.

The Audit Committee will also review disclosures made to it by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer during their certification process for applicable securities law filings about any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the design or operation of Thomson Reuters internal control over financial reporting and any fraud, whether or not material, involving management or other employees who have a significant role in Thomson Reuters internal control over financial reporting.

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(m) Financial Regulatory Compliance

The Audit Committee will review with Thomson Reuters legal counsel:

•

any material financial regulatory matters; and

•

any material inquiries received regarding financial matters from governmental agencies.

(n) Risk Assessment and Risk Management

The Audit Committee will discuss the Corporation’s guidelines and policies that govern the overall process by which risk assessment and risk management is undertaken at the Corporation. In furtherance thereof, the Audit Committee will periodically review reports from or meet with the Risk Committee regarding the Corporation’s processes for assessing and managing risk. In this regard, the Audit Committee acknowledges that risk topics not otherwise assigned to the Audit Committee or the Human Resources Committee will be overseen by the Risk Committee, and that the Corporate Governance Committee will oversee the division of responsibilities between the Board and its committees. As part of this division of responsibilities, the Audit Committee will discuss the Corporation’s major financial risk exposures and the steps that management has taken to monitor and control such exposures including, without limitation, regarding financial, operational, legal, treasury, tax, information security and disaster recovery/business continuity risks related thereto.

(o) Taxation Matters

The Audit Committee will periodically review with senior management the status of significant taxation matters of Thomson Reuters.

(p) Hiring Employees of the Auditor

The Audit Committee will maintain and monitor compliance with policies for hiring partners and employees and former partners and employees of the auditor.

(q) Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Matters

At least annually, the Audit Committee will review with senior management the type and presentation of Thomson Reuters’ key ESG disclosures and the adequacy and effectiveness of applicable internal controls related to such disclosures. The Audit Committee’s review of ESG disclosures may be done generally and the Audit Committee need not review or discuss in advance each ESG disclosure. The Audit Committee will also oversee key finance-related initiatives related to ESG.

4.	COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE

The Audit Committee will maintain procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by Thomson Reuters regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters and disclosure controls and procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission of concerns by employees of Thomson Reuters regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters or disclosure controls and procedures.

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5.	REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE

The Audit Committee will:

•

regularly report to the Board on all significant matters it has addressed and with respect to such other matters as are within its responsibilities; and

•

oversee the preparation of and review any disclosure with respect to its activities in discharging the responsibilities set out in this Charter included in materials sent to shareholders of the Corporation.

6.	REVIEW

The Audit Committee will review this Charter at least annually and submit it to the Corporate Governance Committee together with any proposed amendments. The Corporate Governance Committee will review this Charter and submit it to the Board for approval with such further amendments as it deems necessary and appropriate.

7.	ASSESSMENT

At least annually, the Board, acting through the Corporate Governance Committee, will review the effectiveness of the Audit Committee in fulfilling its responsibilities and duties as set out in this Charter and in a manner consistent with the Corporate Governance Guidelines adopted by the Board.

8.	MEETINGS

Quorum for meetings of the Audit Committee will be a majority of its members. A meeting of the Audit Committee may be called by the Chair or any other member of the Audit Committee, the Chairman, any Deputy Chairman, the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer, the auditor, the officer in charge of the internal audit or the Company Secretary. The Company Secretary or his/her designate will act as Secretary to the Audit Committee unless the Chair of the Audit Committee decides otherwise.

The Audit Committee will ordinarily meet in camera at the end of each of its meetings and may meet in camera at any other time as required.

The Audit Committee will meet as frequently as it determines is appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, which typically will not be less than quarterly.

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CHAIR

Each year, the Board on the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee will appoint one member to be Chair of the Audit Committee. If, in any year, the Board does not appoint a Chair, the incumbent Chair will continue in office until a successor is appointed.

10.

REMOVAL AND VACANCIES

Any member may be removed and replaced at any time by the Board and will automatically cease to be a member as soon as the member ceases to meet the qualifications set out above. The Board will fill vacancies on the Audit Committee by appointment from among qualified members of the Board on the recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee. If a vacancy exists on the Audit Committee, the remaining members will exercise all of its powers so long as a quorum remains in office.

11.

ACCESS TO MANAGEMENT AND OUTSIDE ADVISORS

The Audit Committee may invite any member of management, employee, outside advisor or other person to attend any of its meetings.

In carrying out its duties, the Audit Committee may retain an outside advisor without Board approval at the expense of Thomson Reuters and has the authority to determine any such advisor’s fees and other retention terms. Thomson Reuters will also provide appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee, for the payment of the compensation of the auditor, independent counsel and outside advisors and any ordinary administrative expenses of the Audit Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.

12.

DEFINITIONS

Capitalized terms used in this Charter have the meanings attributed to them below:

“Audit Committee Financial Expert” means a person who has the following attributes:

(a)

an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements;

(b)

the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves;

(c)

experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by Thomson Reuters financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more person’s engaged in such activities;

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(d)

an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and

(e)

an understanding of audit committee functions.

A person shall have acquired such attributes through:

(i)

education and experience as a principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, public accountant or auditor or experience in one or more positions that involve the performance of similar functions;

(ii)

experience actively supervising a principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, public accountant, auditor or person performing similar functions;

(iii)

experience overseeing or assessing the performance of companies or public accountants with respect to the preparation, auditing or evaluation of financial statements; or

(iv)

other relevant experience.

“Financially Literate” means the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by Thomson Reuters financial statements.

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